Yazarlar
- Kenek, Gökhan(13)
- Pala, Fahrettin(11)
- Komut, Osman(10)
- Akyol, Hikmet(9)
- Demirbağ, Orkun(9)
- Barut, Abdulkadir(8)
- Sökmen, Alptekin(8)
- Bekar, Fevziye(7)
- Ayaydin, Hasan(6)
- Benk, Osman(6)
- Durmuş, İbrahim(6)
- Merddan, Kurtuluş(6)
- Polat, Eray(6)
- Top, Yener(6)
- Çelik, Orkun(6)
- Demirbag, Kubra Simsek(5)
- Doğan, Onur(5)
- Soydaş, Şafak Sönmez(5)
- Sımsek, Tugçe(5)
- Vural, Selvi(5)
- Yasar, Sekip Sadiye(5)
- Yıldız, Barış(5)
- Zuhal, Mustafa(5)
- Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem(4)
- Akyol, Mehmet(4)
- Artan, Seyfettin(4)
- Fidan, Muhammed Said(4)
- Gökçe, Ahmet(4)
- Hayaloglu, Pinar(4)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(4)
- Keyifli, Nazlı(4)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(4)
- Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip(4)
- Sancar, Canan(4)
- Sökmen, Alev(4)
- Tuna, Hasan(4)
- Adanacioglu, Hakan(3)
- Adanur, Hakan(3)
- Cakir, Mehmet Ali(3)
- Denizli, Umut(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Political Polarization and Size of Government; [Politik Kutuplaşma ve Devletin Ekonomik Boyutu]
Keyifli, Nazlı; Akdede, Sacit Hadi
In this study, it empirically examines the impact of economic and political determinants on the economic size of the government. Political polarization is taken as the variable of interest, along with other control variables. Statistical analysis was carried out using the Ordinary Least Squares and Second Stage Least Squares methods. The scope of the paper includes 61 countries, and the time interval is between 1990 and 2015. The results of the regression analysis show that the share of public consumption spending in national income in countries where political polarization is high is declining. In addition, the increase in levels of ethnic fracturalization, democracy and government fractionalization has an increasing effect on the share of public consumption spending in national income. The study provides descriptive linkages among findings.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2020The effect of operating expenses on growth and performance: An empirical analysis of the petroleum and chemistry industry in Turkey
Pehlivan, Abdulkadir; Gerekan, Bilal; Kocan, Mahmut
The aim of this study is to determine the effect of operating expenses on performance and growth in the petroleum and chemical industry. Operating expenses include research and development (R&D), marketing and administrative expenditures. Determining the distribution of these expenses in this industry an important issue. The data obtained from companies operating in the petroleum and chemical industry were analyzed using two separate models. Within the scope of research, it was determined that R&D expenditure has no significant effect on performance and growth. Marketing expenditure negatively affects performance and has no significant effect on growth. Finally, it was concluded that administrative expenditure has a significant positive effect on both performance and growth. These results indicate that ineffective R&D and marketing expenditures in this industry should be avoided. On the other hand, in terms of management function, it explains that expenditure should be shifted to the areas that will contribute, especially towards the future.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The Costs of Disability in Turkey
İpek, Egemen
In this study, the additional economic cost of disability for households is calculated using a standard of living approach (SoL) for Turkey. Firstly, the Standard of Living (SoL) index is determined using principal components analysis through the Household Budget Survey data for the year 2014. The cost of disability is estimated using ordered logit method by dividing the index into three income groups such as low, middle and high. As a result of the analysis, it is estimated that households with disabilities need additional financial support of at least 9.1% of household income in order to reach the same standard of living as those without disabled individuals. In addition, two different levels of disability, which are working life disability and daily life disability, are considered in estimating the cost of disability. While the cost caused by individuals’ disabilities in working life is 14.6% of their household's income, the ratio is 9.1% for the individuals’ disabilities in daily life.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The middle income trap: Theory and empirical evidence; [Orta gelir tuzagi: Teori ve ampirik kanit]
Topal, Mehmet Hanefi
The middle income trap (MIT) is a concept that is often used in the economic development literature but is not defined clearly enough. The purpose of this study is to revise previous discussions on MIT and to make an empirical investigation of the existence of MIT in 44 middle-income countries based on Ye and Robertson's (2016) time series approach. Unlike conventional time series analyses, this study takes into consideration non-linearity in time series and smooth transition of structural breaks. The empirical findings of this study show the following results. There is strong evidence of the existence of MIT in seven countries. The stochastic convergence is valid for twenty one countries, including Turkey. The trend findings of the countries show that the income gap between ten countries and the US is decreasing quite slowly or increasing steadily. These results also indicate that economic and institutional reform requirements maintain their priority in the political agenda in most middle income - especially in Latin American - countries.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Turkey's POST-1980 institutional structural change and economic consequences
Çiçen, Yıldırım Beyazıt
A country's institutional structure is closely related to its economic performance. In this study, how economic growth in Turkey is being influenced by the institutional structure is tried to be explained, and especially after the 1980 period is discussed within the framework of New Institutional Economics. Accordingly, the positive steps in institutional change bring about an increase in investments and economic growth. However, since institutional reforms in Turkey do not have a continuity, the sustainability of economic growth is becoming problematic. The 1990s are ruled by incompatible coalitions and in the early 2000s Turkey suffered from painful crises. Increasing inclusive institutionalism after these years are also positively reflected in the economy, but this could not be sustained.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Örgütsel Bağlılık, İş Tatmini ve Özgecilik İlişkisi: Bir Kamu Kurumunda Araştırma
Sökmen, Alev; Kenek, Gökhan
Amaç – Örgütsel bağlılık, özgecilik ve iş tatmini değişkenleri arasındaki ilişkileri ortaya koymakve örgütsel bağlılığın özgecilik davranışına olan etkisinde iş tatmininin aracılık rolünün tespiti,örgütsel davranış alanında yapılan bu çalışmanın amacını oluşturmaktadır.Yöntem – İlgili çalışmada kullanılan veriler, 2019 yılı Şubat-Mart döneminde bir kamu kurumundagörev yapmakta olan 212 uzman çalışandan anket yöntemiyle elde edilmiştir. İstatistik paketprogramı aracılığıyla verilere uygun olarak korelasyon ve regresyon analizleri yapılarakdeğişkenler arasındaki ilişkiler, değişkenlerin birbirleri üzerindeki etkileri ve örgütsel bağlılığınözgecilik davranışına olan etkisinde iş tatmininin aracılık rolü tespit edilmeye çalışılmıştır.Bulgular – Korelasyon analizi sonuçlarına göre örgütsel bağlılık, iş tatmini ve özgecilik arasındapozitif yönde anlamlı ilişkiler bulunduğu tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen regresyon analizi sonuçlarıise örgütsel bağlılığın özgecilik ve iş tatmini üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu ve iştatmininin de özgecilik üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olduğunu göstermektedir. Öte yandanaraştırma bulguları, örgütsel bağlılığın, özgecilik üzerindeki etkisinde iş tatmininin kısmi aracılıketkisinin olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.Tartışma – Elde edilen tüm bu sonuçlara göre kamu çalışanlarının örgütsel bağlılık algılarınınartması durumunda duydukları iş tatmini ve sergiledikleri özgecilik düzeylerinin de artacağıkabul edilmektedir. Aynı zamanda, kamu çalışanlarında duyulan iş tatmini düzeyinin artışgöstermesiyle birlikte sergilenen özgecilik seviyesinde de artış olacağı kabul edilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Finansal gelişme ve enerji tüketimi arasında saklı eş bütünleşme ilişkisi var mıdır
Pala, Fahrettin; Çam, Alper Veli; Ayaydin, Hasan; Barut, Abdulkadir
Enerji, ekonominin vazgeçilmezidir veekonomik büyüme için önemlidir. İnsanoğlununhayatta kalması ve ekonomik büyümesi için enerjitemel bir gereksinimdir ve enerji moderntoplumların temelini oluşturmaktadır. Ekonomikgelişimin can damarı ve sırt kemiğidir. Ticaretinartırılmasında ve büyüme düzeyininyükseltilmesinde önemli rol oynamaktadır.Literatüre göre büyüme düzeyini artırır. Ekonomikliteratürde; ekonomik büyüme, ticaret, enerji vefinansal gelişmeyi içeren dinamik ilişkiler dikkatçekmektedir. Bu bağlamada çalışmanın amacı; E-7ülkelerinde (Brezilya, Çin, Hindistan, Endonezya,Meksika, Rusya ve Türkiye) finansal gelişme, enerjitüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında saklı birilişkinin varlığının 2003-2016 dönemi içinincelenmesidir. Bu amaçla Hatemi- J (2011)tarafından geliştirilen saklı eş-bütünleşme analizi veHatemi- J (2012) Asimetrik nedensellik analizlerikullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre negatifbileşenler arasında saklı bir eş-bütünleşme ilişkisitespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan ekonomik büyüme vefinansal gelişmeden enerji tüketimine doğru tekyönlü bir nedensellik tespit edilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019The effect of corporate quality on stock market performance at the differences of different development: an empirical analysis
Pala, Fahrettin; Ayaydin, Hasan; Barut, Abdulkadir
The importance of the corporate quality concept has been further heightened by the lack of public and private sector corporate governance policies among the important causes of international crises and corporate scandals. In the related literature it is stated that institutional quality is an integral part of the performance of the stock market in a country. The aim of this study is to investigate the impact of institutional quality on stock market performance, taking into account the economic development levels of countries. For this purpose, data from 26 developed countries and 34 emerging countries for 2002-2015 periods were analyzed by dynamic panel data analysis method. According to empirical analysis result; it can be said that the institutional quality plays an important role in the improvement of the stock market performance of the countries. Findings show that institutional quality and organizational quality components have more influence on stock market performance in developing countries in general. Findings of this study show that policy makers need to pursue a policy agenda to improve the quality of the official institutions and the labor market, especially for developing countries, along with innovation and investments for the development of the financial market.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019The relationship between economic complexity and economic growth: panel bootstrap granger causality analysis
Akbulut Yildiz, Gizem; Yıldız, Barış
The aim of this study, 10 of the Newly Industrialized Countries (China, India, Thailand, Malaysia, the Philippines, Turkey, South Africa, Brazil, Mexico, Indonesia) is to analyzed the relationship between economic growth and economic complexity. The period 1960-2016 was considered in the study. The developed by Hidalgo and Hausmann (2009)The Economic Complexity Index and Real GDP data were used in the analysis to determine whether the countries have a qualified export structure. The causality relationship between the variables was analyzed by using Konya (2006) causality test. According to the results of Konya (2006) panel causality analysis is the only one way, from the economic complexity to economic growth for Mexico, Malaysia and South Africa and two way for only China. On the other hand, in panel was obtained only one-way causality relationship from economic complexity to economic growth.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019The review of the moderator effect of leverage and foreign ownership on firm performance: turkey sample
Ayaydin, Hasan; Pala, Fahrettin; Barut, Abdulkadir
Purpose of the study; the aim of this course is to examine the moderator effect of the leverage and ownership structures of the firms that are traded on Stock Exchange Istanbul (BIST) and the manufacturing sector on R & D expenditures and firm performance. For this purpose, 125 manufacturing firms operating in BIST between 2008-2016 were examined. The effect offoreign ownership and leverage onfirm performance were tested using dynamic GMM system developed by Arellana and Bover (1995) from dynamic panel models. According to the results of this study, it was found that leverage negatively affects the relationship between R&D intensity and firm performance, although foreign ownership positively affects the relationship between R&D intensity and firm performance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019The Relationship Between Ethical Leadership and Counterproductive Work Behaviours: The Mediating Role Of Organizational Commitment
Sökmen, Alptekin; Kenek, Gökhan; Uğraş, Ezgi
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediator role of organizational commitment in the relationship between ethical leadership and counterproductive work behaviour. The datas of this study were obtained with survey method from 253 employees working in different departments in a firm that shows activity in the construction sector in Turkey. Correlation and regression analysis were applied by SPSS 23 programme. The results reveal that ethical leadership has a positive relationship with organitaional commitment; and negatif relationship with counterproductive work behaviour. Also, there is a negatif relationship between organizational commitment and counter-prductive work behaviour. Another result of the study is organitaional commitment has a mediating effect on the relationhip between ethical leadership and counterproductive work behaviors.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth: The Turkish Experience in the period of 1974-2018
Toprak, Metin; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Bayraktar, Yüksel
Remittances, which tend to increase continuously in the world, affect the economies which accept high remittances in many ways. Therefore, many studies have been put forward regarding the macroeconomic effects of remittances. In this study, the impact of remittances on economic growth is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period of 1974-2018 in Turkey. According to the findings, remittances haven’t a statistically significant effect on economic growth in the long-run. The most important factor in this finding is the declining trend of remittances in the Turkish economy. Although remittances have increased around the world, the share of remittances in the Turkish GDP is quite low.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Investigation of Pottery Handicraft in the Scope of Sustainable Tourism: The Case of Gumushane Dölek Village
Ödemiş, Murat; Çalık, İsmail
Handicrafts that are examined within the context of intangible cultural heritage are among the values that are beginning to disappear. On the other hand; guduculuk, which is still going on even if limited its production in Dolek Village of Gumushane province, is a valuable hand craft to be examined academically. In this respect, the aim of study is to provide a solution for the revitalization and transfering it to future generations in the context of sustainable tourism of guduculuk increasingly decreasing production in the village of Dolek, Gumushane province. In line with the aims of the work; interviews with relevant stakeholders were conducted and the results were analyzed and evaluated by content analysis and descriptive analysis method. As a result, it has been found that there are some problems in the continuation of guduculuk in the study. These problems are mainly young people's indifference to the handcraft and not get craftsman's labor provision. In addition, the production process is difficult and laborious, the sale of potteries cheaply for the lack of become a cooperative, the lack of suitable places for the sale and marketing of pottery in Dölek Village are other problems.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Sürdürülebilir Turizm Göstergeleri Bağlamında Ev Pansiyonculuğunun Değerlendirilmesi: Yusufeli Örneği
Zurnaci, Jalenur; Çalık, İsmail
Sürdürülebilir turizm göstergeleri destinasyonlarda turizmin etkilerinin belirlenmesi, turizmkaynaklı tahribatların ölçülmesi ve düzeltici önlemlerin alınması konularını içeren birplanlama sürecidir. Ev pansiyonculuğu ise yerel kalkınmaya katkıda bulunmak ve bukavramı turizm çeşitliliği içerisinde geliştirmek amacı ile yaygınlaştırılmaya çalışılan birkonaklama biçimidir. Ayrıca, ülkemizin farklı bölgelerinde yaygın olan evpansiyonculuğunun turizme ekonomik, sosyal ve kültürel yönlerden katkısı olduğugözlemlenmektedir. Sürdürülebilir turizm göstergeleri planlama sürecinde Yusufeli’nde evpansiyonculuğunun sürdürülebilirliğinin paydaşların bakış açılarıyla araştırılması buçalışmanın temel amacıdır. Çalışmada elde edilen verilerin toplanmasında görüşme, analizedilmesinde içerik analizi ve betimsel analiz yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Evpansiyonculuğunun ekonomik sürdürülebilirliği ele alındığında elde edilen gelirleringeçmişe oranla azaldığı, gelirin nispeten köy halkının geneline yayıldığı, fiyatlardakitutarsızlık, mevsimsellik ve ulaşım sorunlarının problem oluşturduğu katılımcılar tarafındanifade edilmiştir. Çevresel sürdürülebilirlik değerlendirildiğinde ise bölgede evpansiyonculuğunun genel anlamda çevresel tahribata neden olmadığı söylenebilir. Sosyokültürel sürdürülebilirlik açısından ise ev pansiyonculuğunun kadın istihdamına katkısağladığı, turist-yerel halk arasında samimi ilişkiler kurularak karşılıklı öğrenmenin teşvikedildiği belirtilebilir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Vergi gelirlerinin ekonomik belirleyicileri üzerine ampirik biranaliz: yüksek gelirli oecd ülkeleri örneği
Yıldız, Barış
Çalışmanın amacı 19 yüksek gelirli OECD ülkesine ilişkin vergi gelirlerinin ekonomik belirleyicilerini analiz etmektir. Çalışma 1995-2017 dönemini kapsamaktadır. Ampirik analizde vergi gelirleri (% GSYH) bağımlı değişken olarak kullanılmıştır. Bağımsız değişken olarak kullanılan ekonomik belirleyiciler ise kişi başına Gayri Safi Yurtiçi Hasıla (GSYH), ticari açıklık, enflasyon, kamu harcamaları ve tarımsal katma değer verileridir. Sabit etkiler Genelleştirilmiş Momentler Metodu (GMM) tahmincisi kullanılarak yapılan analiz sonucuna göre, kişi başına GSYH vergi gelirlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif etkilemektedir. Kamu harcamaları ve tarımsal katma değer vergi gelirlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve fakat negatif etkilemektedir. Ticari açıklık ve enflasyonun ise vergi gelirleri üzerinde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir etkisi bulunamamıştır.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2019THE COURSE OF SOCIAL SECURITY SPENDING WITHIN THE PROCESS OF SOCIETY 5.0
Sahin, Muhammet; Günay, Hamdi Furkan; Oktar, SA; Taskin, Y
Technological developments have left indelible impacts on the economy all along the line. Every novel invention realized changes production processes rapidly, which concomitantly transforms social life. One of the most apparent examples of this is the First Industrial Revolution emerged in the 18th Century. Subsequent to this development which was considered as the beginning of production in the factory environment, the second industrial revolution based on automation (First half of 20th Century) and the third Industrial Revolution based on electronics (last quarter of the 20th century) were realized. Finally, the Fourth Industrial Revolution (Industry 4.0) process was initiated by Germany in 2011. In line with this process in which cyber-physical systems and robotic technologies are expected to prevail, Super-Smart Society (Society 5.0) model was developed by Japan in 2017. Both Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 implementations are expected to have a significant impact on economic and social life and to change both labor and Welfare State practices fundamentally. It is also possible that these aforementioned developments may have an impact on social security system of the government. Likewise, the emergence of extensive unemployment condition due to robotic technologies and training for adaptation of available labor force to the new technologies may lead to redesign of the social security system. The aim of this study is to demonstrate the possible impacts of the Industry 4.0 and Society 5.0 processes on social security expenditures. The basic result obtained from the study; unemployment increase and training activities for the labor-force increases social security expenditures, but however digitalization process in Welfare State implementations may be expected to decrease social security expenditures in the long-run depending on efficiency and effectiveness increases in the government.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Validity of Unemployment Hysteresis: The Most Fragile Five Developing Countries
Akkus, Omer; Topuz, Seher Gulsah
This study investigates the movement of unemployment for five most fragile developing countries including Turkey over the period 1980-2016. For this purpose, which one of the three approaches within the theoretical literature natural unemployment rate hypothesis, unemployment hysteresis or structuralist theory of unemployment is valid is examined using traditional unit root and unit root tests allowing for structural breaks. Hypothesis of unemployment hysteresis is valid for five most fragile developing countries according to both results of traditional unit root and unit root test allowing for structural breaks. Namely, unemployment rate does not fluctuate around natural unemployment rate and therefore the results indicate that shocks do not create temporary effects on unemployment but permanent. Governments in five most fragile developing countries are expected to actively intervene in the policy on unemployment since the unemployment rate does not tend to return to its natural level.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Ethical sensitivity, burnout, and job satisfaction in emergency nurses
Palazoğlu, Cansu Atmaca; Koç, Zeliha
Background: Rising levels of burnout and decreasing job satisfaction can inhibit healthcare professionals from providing high-quality care due to a corresponding decrease in their ethical sensitivity. Aim: This study aimed to determine the relationship between the level of ethical sensitivity in emergency service nurses and their levels of burnout and job satisfaction. Research design: This research employed a descriptive and cross-sectional design. Participants and research context: This study was conducted with a sample of 236 nurses, all of whom worked in emergency service between 24 July 2015 and 28 April 2016. Data were collected using the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire, Maslach Burnout Inventory, and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale. Ethical considerations: This study was approved by the Institutional Ethics Review Board of Ondokuz Mayıs University. Findings: There was a weak and negative correlation (r = –0.158, p = 0.015) between Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Inventory scores. There was also a weak and negative correlation (r = –0.335, p < 0.001) between the Maslach Burnout Inventory and Minnesota Job Satisfaction Scale scores. Discussion and conclusion: Decreased job satisfaction and increased burnout levels among emergency service nurses might result in them indulging in improper practices, frequently facing ethical problems, and a decrease in the overall quality of service in hospitals. In order for emergency service nurses to recognize ethical problems and make the most accurate decisions, a high level of ethical sensitivity is critical. In this respect, it is suggested that continuing education after graduation and training programs should be organized.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019The effect of firm growth on brand value: Evidence from brand finance Turkey-100
Gerekan, Bilal; Pehlivan, Abdülkadir; Koçan, Mahmut
A variety of groups are increasingly using brand value for different purposes; thus, a range of consultancy firms calculate, by different methods, and publish brand values annually. The effect of many variables on brand value has been examined previously, but few studies have explored the relationship between brand value and firm growth. This study aims to bridge this gap in the literature, since this relationship is important to maximizing brand value. The research was based on the companies listed in Brand Finance Turkey-100 between 2012 and 2018. Sales, operating income, R&D, and marketing, selling, and distribution (MSD) expenditures were adopted as firm growth indicators, which revealed that: increasing operating income and MSD caused a significant increase in brand value, whereas increasing R&D reduced brand value; and there was no significant relationship between increased sales and brand value.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018İmalat Sanayisinde İş Sağlığı ve Güvenliği Üzerine Bir Araştırma: Erzincan İli Mobilya İşletmeleri Örneği
Komut, Osman; Yasar, Sekip Sadiye
Türkiye mobilya sektörü, ihracatı ithalatından yüksek olan az sayıdaki sektörden birisidir. Yıllık ihracat rakamı 2,2 milyar doları bulan sektörün AB pazar payında son dönemde daralma görülmektedir. Günümüzde global pazarlarda kullanılan önemli rekabet araçları arasına daha iyi kalite ve standartlarda iş güvenliği politikalarının uygulanması da eklenmiştir. İş sağlığı ve güvenliği düzenlemeleri, çalışanların iş kazası ve meslek hastalıklarından korunmasının yanı sıra ürün yaşam döngüsü ve çalışma koşullarının kalitesinin iyileştirilmesine de katkı sağlamaktadır. Bu çalışmada, mobilya üretim sektöründe çalışanların iş sağlığı ve güvenliği farkındalığı ile demografik faktörler ve işletme içi etkenlerin bu konuya ilişkin görüşlerine etkisinin tespit edilmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu kapsamda, Erzincan ilinde bulunan 35 adet işyerinde toplam 84 çalışana yüz yüze görüşme esasına dayalı anket uygulaması yapılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda, mobilya üretim işletmelerinde iş kazasına maruz kalma oranının %61 olduğu ve bu çalışanların %50’sinin en az iki kez iş kazasına maruz kaldığı tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yandan, çalışanların yaşı, eğitim durumu, çalıştığı departman, çalışma süresi, iş değiştirme sıklığı ve makine-ekipman bakım sıklığı değişkenlerinin çalışanlar arasında istatistiksel anlamlı (p<0,05) görüş farklılıklarına neden olduğu anlaşılmıştır. Ayrıca, makine-ekipmandaki güvenlik donanımı yetersizliği, güvensiz davranışlar, iş sağlığı ve güvenliğine ilişkin eğitim yetersizliği, kişisel nedenler ve aşırı iş yükünün çalışanlar tarafından en önemli iş kazası nedeni olarak görüldüğü tespit edilmiştir.
