Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Do environmental taxes improve environmental sustainability beyond net-zero emissions? Evidence from ecological footprint subcomponents in the EU
Recepoğlu, Mürşit; Cay Cakir, Sümeyra; Cakir, Mehmet Ali; Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Keşap, Doğan
Environmental degradation has manifested in various forms, including air and water pollution. Therefore, the impacts of environmental policies should be evaluated across all dimensions of environmental degradation. The European Union has targeted to stop CO2 emissions by 2050. Accordingly, the literature has predominantly focused on the relationship between environmental taxation and CO₂ emissions. Even if the net-zero emissions target is achieved, this does not necessarily ensure the elimination of overall environmental degradation. This study investigates the impact of environmental taxation on environmental degradation in the European Union over the period 1995–2021 using the Driscoll-Kraay (1998) estimator. The study focuses on the impact of environmental tax on ecological footprint and its subcomponents. The findings show that the ecological footprint and its subcomponents, except for built-up land and forest product footprints, can be mitigated by current environmental tax policies. However, in order to achieve net-zero environmental degradation, the European Union must reduce pressures arising from built-up land and forest product footprints. In addition to the Driscoll-Kraay (1998) estimator, the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimator is employed as a robustness check, and the results remain broadly consistent across both methods. Moreover, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test states that strong and bidirectional causal relationships between environmental tax and ecological footprint components. This overall result confirms the existence of a green dividend within the double dividend hypothesis. It is suggested that renewable energy plants should be constructed in areas where built-up land and forest products footprint are not affected. For example, floating solar panels do not use land and also protect water bodies from evaporation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Ecological footprint components and agricultural productivity: Insights from MENA countries
Recepoğlu, Mürşit; Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Cakir, Sümeyra Cay; Artan, Seyfettin; Cakir, Mehmet Ali
The surge in the global population over the past century has highlighted the importance of agricultural production, leading to many studies to boost productivity. Unlike previous studies that primarily explore agricultural productivity growth, this study investigates how the subcomponents of the ecological footprint affect agricultural productivity in MENA countries between 1992 and 2021, identifying which types of environmental pollution have the most significant impact. Driscoll and Kraay (1998) method results show that ecological footprint has a major negative impact on agricultural productivity. Similarly, all ecological footprint components have a negative impact on agricultural productivity. The forest footprint has the highest coefficient magnitude, followed by crop land footprint, carbon footprint, fishing grounds footprint and grazing land footprint. The results have been tested for robustness using the Half-Panel Jackknife test to avoid biased results, and parallel results have been obtained. Finally, the causality between agricultural productivity and explanatory variables has been tested using Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. The findings suggest that policymakers may find it more effective to eliminate pollution rather than using additional resources to increase agricultural productivity. This approach allows for the reallocation of resources used in agricultural production to other areas.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Revealing the environmental influences of energy, transport, and pollution taxes on different transportation modes
Artan, Seyfettin; Pata, Ugur Korkut; Hayaloglu, Pinar; Cakir, Mehmet Ali; Recepoglu, Mursit; Cay Cakir, Sumeyra
The need for transportation is increasing with the effect of globalization in the developing economic system. The transportation sector, which is essential for economic development, may pose some threats to a sustainable environment. Although European countries have achieved various successes in reducing carbon emissions, they are struggling to reduce carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from transportation. To overcome this difficulty, European countries are using various policy instruments such as environmental taxes. In this context, this study investigated the impact of disaggregated environmental taxes (pollution, energy, and transport), structural change, and institutional quality on transport-related carbon emissions (water, air, and road transport) in 24 European countries over the period 2008-2022. To this end, the study uses the novel half-panel jackknife estimation and the bias-corrected method of moments. The results indicate that there is no long-term relationship between environmental taxes and water transportation-related CO2 emissions. In contrast, structural changes and pollution taxes are effective in reducing road and air transport-related CO2 emissions. These results suggest that European countries should focus on reducing CO2 emissions through effective pollution taxes and encourage carbon taxes instead of energy and transport taxes, thereby supporting the European Green Deal's goal of becoming the first climate-neutral continent.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Does structural change matter for sustainable development in newly industrialized countries? Fresh evidence from a new sustainability indicator
Artan, Seyfettin; Erdogan, Sinan; Recepoglu, Muersit; Çakir, Suemeyra cay; Hayaloglu, Pinar; Çakir, Mehmet Ali
The economic gap between developed and developing economies has been diminishing due to the recent rapid economic growth performance of developing economies. While achieving this swift growth level, developing economies have structurally transformed their economies. However, the impact of this structural change on environmental sustainability remains unclear. Therefore, this study focuses on the impacts of structural change, energy structure, and economic growth on the load capacity factor, a comprehensive sustainability indicator, in newly industrialized countries during 2000-2020. To this end, second-generation panel data techniques, which account for cross-sectional dependence and heterogeneity, are used to provide more robust and reliable estimates. The results show that economic growth, structural change, and fossil energy utilization decrease the load capacity factor while renewable energy utilization increases it. These findings underscore the need for energy efficiency and resource-conscious policies that align with environmental sustainability while promoting economic growth, highlighting their crucial role in the future of sustainable development.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Economic and Institutional Determinants of Corruption: The Case of Developed and Developing Countries
Acaravci, Ali; Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloglu, Pinar; Erdogan, Sinan
Since ancient times, corruption has been one of the essential topics for economists and politicians. Moreover, it is a concern for both developed and developing countries and a significant obstacle to economic development. The primary objective of this paper is to examine the relationships between corruption, economic growth, internet use, and quality of governance alongside other institutional and economic variables in 65 developed and developing countries for the period 1999–2016 by using dynamic panel data methods performing well under cross-sectional dependence. The empirical results can be summarized as follows. The augmented mean group (AMG) results indicate statistically significant relationships between corruption, economic growth, internet use, quality of government, and democracy. Also, we find that an increase in economic growth and quality of governance contribute to reducing corruption in these 65 developed and developing countries. In contrast, an increase in internet use and democracy level raises corruption. The policy implications of the empirical estimations are also discussed in the paper.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Kurumsal gelişme ve iktisadi büyüme: doğu avrupa geçiş ekonomileri örneği
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin; Ağazade, Seymur
Ekonominin kurumsal yapının etkisinden bağımsız olarak değerlendirilemeyeceğini öne süren kurumsal iktisadi düşünce 1990’lı yıllardan itibaren büyüme literatüründe önem kazanmaya başlamıştır. Buçalışmada kurumsal yapının ekonomik büyüme açısından önemli olduğu görüşü Doğu Avrupa geçişekonomileri örneğinde araştırılmıştır. Panel veri analizinin kullanıldığı çalışma 2006-2017 yıllarını kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada kurumsal yapıyı temsilen Dünya Ekonomik Forumunun kurumsal yapıya ilişkinendeksleri kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçları, genel kurumsal gelişme ve kamusal kurumsal gelişmeninekonomik büyümeyi pozitif yönde etkilediğini göstermektedir. Buna göre, genel kurumsal gelişme endeksindeki %1’lik bir değişme GSYH’yı yaklaşık olarak %0.29 ve kişi başına düşen GSYH’yı %0.37oranında aynı yönde etkilemektedir. Kamusal kurumsal kalite endeksinde meydana gelen %1’lik birdeğişmenin etkisi ise sırasıyla yaklaşık olarak %0.35 ve %0.43 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Elde edilen bulgular doğrultusunda, örneklem ülkelerde kurumsal gelişmeyi teşvik edecek politikalar uygulanmasınınsürdürülebilir bir ekonomik büyümenin sağlanmasında önemli bir rol oynayacağı söylenebilir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Enerji Tüketimi ve Ekonomik Büyüme İlişkisi: Panel Eşanlı Model
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Demirel, Selim Koray; Artan, Seyfettin
Enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi son zamanlarda özellikle enerjiliteratüründe sıklıkla tartışılmaktadır. Ancak yapılan ampirik çalışma sonuçları analizdekullanılan yönteme, değişkene ve ülke grubuna göre farklılıklar göstermektedir. Ayrıcaçalışmalarda enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki etkileşimin büyük ölçüdeihmal edildiği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmada, eşanlı panel veri analiz yöntemi kullanılarakOECD ülkelerinde enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme ilişkisi 1990-2017 dönemi içinaraştırılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, OECD ülkelerinde enerji tüketimi ve ekonomikbüyüme arasında karşılıklı pozitif bir ilişki olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Buna göre,yüksek ekonomik büyüme yüksek enerji tüketimini gerektirdiği gibi yüksek enerji tüketimiyüksek ekonomik büyümeye neden olmaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018An analysis of institutional structure and saving rates in transtion economies
Artan, Seyfettin; Demirel, Selim Koray; Hayaloğlu, Pınar
Savings, which is a precondition for a sustainable economic structure, are an important source of funding for investments and growth. One of the main obstacles to development is seen as an insufficient level of savings especially in underdeveloped and developing countries. The importance of savings in terms of economy has led researchers to investigate the determinants of savings and a wide range of literature has been developed in this regard. However, unlike the empirical literature on the determinants of savings, besides the basic macroeconomic variables, the effect of the institutional structure on saving rates was investigated in this study. In this direction the relationships between institutional structure and savings were investigated. Panel data analysis method is used for the study of 12 transition economies in 1996-2016 period. Findings obtained in the study; democracy, civil liberties and regulatory quality indices as indicators of institutional structure are important factors as well as macroeconomic factors affecting savings rates.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ON TOURISM IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloglu, Pinar; Demirel, Selim Koray
Institutional economics literature suggests that inclusive institutions encourage economic growth by increasing efficiency in many sectors of the economy. Institutional structure also has effects on the tourism sector due to the confidential environment and incentives it brings. In this context, when studies on determinants of tourism are examined, it is remarkable that there are a number of studies on economic and social factors, but that there are limited studies about institutional determinants of tourism. This study investigates the causal relationships between institutional factors and tourism sector in nine Mediterranean coastal countries also including Turkey for the period of 1995-2015 by using Konya (2006) panel causality analysis. The results of the study using variables of corruption and democratic accountability as indicative of institutional structure reveal causal relations between tourism expenditures and institutional factors.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Determinants of Public Health Expenditures Efficiency in BRICS Countries
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Demirel, Selim Koray; Artan, Seyfettin
The optimization of public expenditures has importance on utilizing scarce resources in the best way possible and maximizing public welfare. Likewise, public health expenditures positive affect on quality of life depends on the efficiency of these investments. In this study, the determinants of public health expenditures efficiency investigated for BRICS countries the period of 2000-2013. Accordingly, in order to determine the efficiency of public health expenditures, data envelopment analysis (DEA) used then economic and corporate factors, which determine the efficiency of public health expenditures examined with Logit and Tobit estimation technique. According to findings derived from these analyses, the rate of unemployment and inflation, investment expenditures and corruption variables are significant determinants in the efficiency of public health expenditures in BRICS countries
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Geçiş Ekonomilerinde Finansal Gelişmenin Kurumsal Belirleyicileri
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
Finansal gelişmenin sürdürülebilir ekonomik büyümenin önemli belirleyicilerinden biri olduğu uzun zamandan beri vurgulanmaktadır. Ancak, finansal gelişmenin belirleyicilerinin neler olduğu konusunda henüz bir uzlaşma sağlanamamıştır. Bu çalışma, ülkelerarası finansal gelişmişlik farklılıklarını açıklamada kurumsal faktörlerin rolünü tartışmaktadır. Bu amaçla çalışmada, finansal gelişmenin ekonomik ve kurumsal belirleyicileri geçiş ekonomileri için araştırılmıştır. 1995-2012 dönemini kapsayan çalışmada statik panel veri analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Kurumsal yapının göstergesi olarak 10 farklı değişkenin kullanıldığı çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlara göre; geçiş ekonomilerinde, ekonomik göstergelerin yanı sıra sosyoekonomik durum, dinsel gerilimler, kanun ve düzen, etnik gerilimler, yatırım profili, yolsuzluk ve demokratik sorumluluk gibi kurumsal yapıyı temsil eden göstergeler de finansal gelişmenin önemli birer belirleyicisi konumundadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015The relationship between environmental pollution, trade openness and economic growth in turkey
Seyhan, Burak; Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
In this study, the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis was tested for Turkey by investigating the effects of economic growth and trade openness on environmental pollution. These relationships were analyzed via time series analysis using the period of 1981-2012. The results obtained in the study seem to support that there is a relationship between economic growth, trade openness and environmental pollution in the long term in Turkey. However, it was found out that there was an inverted U-shape relationship between economic growth and environmental pollution consistent with the hypothesis environmental Kuznets Curve, while, there was no inverted U-shape relationship between economic growth and trade openness.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Institutional Determinants of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from OECD Countries
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
Economic and institutional determinants of foreign direct investment are analyzed for 29 OECD countries. In the study, twelve subcomponents are used such as investment pro le, corruption, law and order, bureaucratic quality and government stability which can give information about political risk and institutional quality of the countries. According to results; main determinants of foreign direct investment in OECD countries are institutional factors like government stability, socioeconomic condition, investment pro le, internal con ict, military in politics, religious tensions, law and order, ethnic tensions and bureaucratic quality rather than economic determinants. Our ndings indicate that a good institutional structure plays an important role in attracting foreign direct investment in OECD countries
- MakaleYalnız künye2015How does Globalization Affect Economic Growth Across Different Income Group Countries?
Hayaloglu, Pinar; Kalayci, Cemalettin; Artan, Seyfettin
Economic, social, and political effects of globalization, which accelerated by the impact of developments in information and communication technologies, have been in the lead of much discussed subjects recently. Various globalization indices have been used in the literature for measuring the globalization's level and effects. This study uses consisting of KOF globalization index, which consist of economic, social, and political sub-indices. The study analyzed effects of globalization on economic growth by using panel data analysis for high, upper middle, lower middle and low income countries over the period 1995-2011. According to the results, the effects of globalization on economic growth have differentiated in terms of countries' development level. The result has not changed on using the subcomponent of globalization index.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014The effects of ınformatıon and communıcatıon technologıes on economıc growth: The case of transıtıon economıes
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin; Baltaci, Nuri
As a result of the transition to an information society, advances in information and communication technologies have become an important determinant of growth in recent years. This new economic structure reflected in countries development and growth strategies, the opportunities provided by information and communication technologies has become a key element in achieving competitiveness. The aim of this study is to research the relationship between information and communication technologies and economic growth for transition economies. In this study, covering the period 1994- 2011 static panel data analysis technique was used. According to the results, development of information and communication technologies has a positive effect on economic growth in the sample of transition economies.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Kurumsal Göstergeler Işığında Türkiye Ekonomisinin Sosyo-Politik Analizi
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
Kurumsal iktisat, ülkeler arasındaki büyüme farklılıklarının temel belirleyicisininbu ülkelerin kurumsal yapılarındaki farklılıklar olduğunu ileri sürmektedir. Güçlükurumsal yapının hem uluslararası ilişkilerde ülkeler için önemli bir referans hemde ekonomik performansta belirleyici olduğunu savunan bu görüş, birçok araş- tırmacının çalışmalarında kurumsal yapıyı dikkate almalarına yol açmıştır. Buçalışmada, bir değişim ve dönüşüm sürecinden geçmekte olan Türkiyenin ku- rumsal yapısı çeşitli kurumsal göstergeler ve uluslararası raporlardan yararlanı- larak analiz edilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, Türkiyenin birçok kurumsal göster- gede dünya ortalamasının üstünde olduğunu göstermekle beraber sürdürülebi- lir büyümeyi gerçekleştirecek teşvik edici kurumlara henüz sahip olmadığını or- taya koymaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Ülkelerarası Büyüme Farklılıklarının Açıklanmasında Kurumsal Yapının Rolü: Panel Veri Analizi
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
Neden bazı ülkeler diğer ülkelerden daha hızlı büyümektedir sorusu uzun yıllardır iktisatçıların tartıştığı temel konuların başında gelmektedir. Bu doğrultuda son yıllarda büyüme literatüründe öne çıkan görüş, ülkeler arası iktisadi büyüme farklılıklarının kurumsal yapı farklılıkları ile açıklanmasıdır. Bu çalışmada kurumsal yapının iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisi 110 ülke için 2000-2009 yılları arasını kapsayan dönemde panel veri yöntemi kullanılarak araştırılmıştır. Kurumsal yapıyı temsil etmek üzere farklı gös- tergeler kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, kurumsal yapının iktisadi büyüme üzerindeki etkisinin ülkelerin gelir düzeylerine göre değişme gösterdiğini ve özellikle gelişmiş olan ülkelerde iktisadi büyümenin önemli belirleyicilerinden biri olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013The Role of Institutional Structure Explaining the Growth Differences across Countries: Panel Data Analysis
Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloglu, Pinar
The question of why some countries grow faster than other countries is one of the main issues discussed by economists for many years. In recent years, institutional structure has been gaining increasing relevance in economic growth literature to explain growth differences across countries. In this study, the effects of institutional structure on economic growth analyzed for 110 countries using the panel data during the period 2000-2009 by using different indicators to represent the institutional structure. The results revealed that the effect of institutional structure on the economic growth differs by the development level. Moreover, institutional structure is one of the important determinants of economic growth especially in the developed countries.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2011Küresel ekonomik krizle mücadelede IMF’nin değişen rolü
Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Artan, Seyfettin
2007 yılının ortalarında Amerikan mortgage sisteminin çökmesiyle başlayan küresel ekonomik ve finansal kriz tüm dünyada yıkıcı etkilere yol açmış; bu durum IMF’ye uluslararası finansal sistemdeki rolünü yeniden canlandırması için bir fırsat yaratmıştır. Küresel ekonomik kriz IMF kaynaklarına olan talebi arttırmış, buna bağlı olarak IMF küresel ekonomik krizin derinleşen etkilerini bertaraf etmek için kredi koşullarını ve kredi imkanlarını büyük ölçüde değiştirerek bir dizi reform yürürlüğe koymuştur. Bu çalışmada, IMF’de meydana gelen söz konusu değişiklikler ve IMF’nin dünya ekonomisinde üstlendiği yeni rol tartışılmaktadır.