Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Ekonomik Büyüme ve İş Kazaları Arasındaki İlişkinin Araştırılması: Türk Mobilya Sektörü Örneği
Top, Yener
Mobilya sektörü, iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açısından risk düzeyi yüksek imalat sanayi alt sektörlerinden biridir. Aynı zamanda son yıllarda ekonomik bir büyüme süreci yakalamış ve 2009-2024 yılları arasında ihracat performansını 3.2 kat artırmıştır. Bu çalışmada, Türk Mobilya Sektörü`nün 2009-2024 yılları ihracat değerleri, istihdam sayıları, işyeri sayıları ve iş kaza sayıları arasındaki ilişkiyi incelemek amaçlanmıştır. Bu sebep ile mobilya sektörü araştırma materyali olarak seçilmiştir. Çalışmada sektöre ilişkin veriler, Türkiye İstatistik Kurumu (TÜİK) ve Sosyal Güvenlik Kurumu (SGK) gibi kurumların kamuya açık kaynaklarından elde edilmiştir. Verilerin sunumu ve analizinde grafikler, korelasyon ve regresyon analizlerinden yararlanılmıştır. 2009-2024 yılları işletme-çalışan sayıları ve işletme-kaza sayıları arasında sırası ile güçlü ve orta düzeyde ilişki bulunmuştur. Kurulan regresyon modeline göre işletme sayılarındaki artış sektör kaza sayıları artışının %54`ünü açıklamaktadır. Söz konusu ilişkinin araştırılmasında başka yaklaşımlara gerek duyulduğu ulaşılan bir diğer sonuçtur.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The Role of Social Media Usage in the Professional Development of Employees in Micro-Scale Furniture Manufacturing Enterprises in Trabzon, Turkey
Top, Yener; Sönmez, Gulen
Micro-scale enterprises contribute to the economies of the countries they are located in, such as employment generation, rural development, and providing training opportunities for semi-skilled workers. They constitute the majority of enterprises in terms of number, but their share in the production rate is low. Furniture manufacturing is one of the sub-branches of the main manufacturing industry, and the majority of the enterprises that produce furniture are micro-scale. These enterprises face several challenges. One of these challenges is that a significant portion of their employees have not received any formal vocational training. The communication opportunities and tools (such as social media) of our time have made it easier to access information. This has made informal education possible for those who have not received a formal vocational training or have received it but want to improve themselves. In this study, the use of social media in the vocational development of employees of micro-scale enterprises manufacturing furniture was investigated. With this objective, a structured survey was conducted face-to-face with 110 participants in the central district of Trabzon to adequately represent the target population. To analyze the data, frequency tables, Spearman Correlation Analysis, Kolmogorov-Smirnov Normality, Kruskal-Wallis, Mann-Whitney U and Chi-Squared Tests were used. The findings indicate that a significant majority of the employees are aged between 25 and 54, with 47.2 % lacking any vocational training. Furthermore, substantial differences were observed in the employees' use of social media for vocational development purposes, correlated with their age and educational level.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Greenwashing in Wood Substitute Products: The Case of PVC Window Frames
Top, Yener
Wood is a renewable material, and advancements in machinery have made it possible to produce wood-based products in large quantities. This has led to environmental problems, which in turn have increased consumers’ environmental concern. This concern has caused consumers to prefer environmental-friendly products. Alongside green products and green marketing, greenwashing practices, which are not actually green but exploit consumer sensitivity, have also become widespread. These deceptive claims confuse consumers and provide an unfair competitive advantage against genuinely environmentally friendly products. Polyvinyl chloride (PVC) windows, which can be used as a substitute for wood windows, were chosen as a research focus, and the greenwashing practices of enterprises manufacturing PVC window were investigated. The research was conducted using deductive content analysis. The corporate websites of the enterprises were examined in terms of greenwashing. Artificial intelligence was used, but identified greenwashing types were checked by the researcher. The study found that PVC window manufacturers most frequently resorted to greenwashing involving no proof, vagueness, and hidden trade-off approaches. Greenwashing types were also examined by topics, revealing that “general environmental benefits” is the most common type.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Mobilya İmalatı Yapan Mikro Ölçekli İşletmelerin Odun Tozu Patlama Riski Yönünden Araştırılması
Odabaş, Lokman; Top, Yener
Hammaddenin işlenmesi sırasında uygulanan yöntemin bir sonucu olarak yan ürünler oluşur. Oluşan bu yan ürünlerden biri tozdur. Bir risk faktörü olan toz, mobilya imalatı sektöründe yaygın bir sorundur. Ayrıca, sektörde yer alan işletmelerin büyük çoğunluğu mikro ölçekli işletme kapsamına giren işletmelerden oluşmaktadır. Bu işletmeler, ekonomik ve sosyal yönlerden ülke ekonomisi için önemlidirler, ancak bu işletmeler iş sağlığı ve güvenliği açılarından bazı olumsuzluklara sahiptirler. Bu olumsuzluklardan biri, oluşan odun tozunu yönetme imkânlarının yetersizliğidir. İş atmosferine karışan odun tozu, çalışan sağlığına olduğu kadar işyeri güvenliği için de bir risktir. Toz, iş ortamındaki diğer faktörlerle birleştiğinde “toz patlamalarına” sebep olabilir. Toz patlamaları genellikle üretim yapılan alanlarda, işlem sürecinde, depolama aşamasında veya malzemelerin transferi sırasında meydana gelir. Ülkemizde, toz patlama riski farkındalık düzeyinin yüksek olmadığı söylenebilir. Bu nedenle bu çalışmada, Trabzon ilinde faaliyet gösteren ve mobilya imalatı yapan mikro ölçekli işletmelerde toz patlama risklerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Bu çalışmada yöntem olarak 5x5 matris diyagram yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma kapsamında, mobilya sektöründe faaliyet gösteren üç mobilya atölyesi materyal olarak seçilmiş ve yerinde ziyaret edilerek odun tozu oluşumu ile toz patlamasına yol açabilecek faktörler açısından detaylı bir inceleme gerçekleştirilmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda toplam 64 risk unsuru tespit edilmiştir. Bu risk unsurlarının 30’u “yüksek risk”, 28’i “orta risk” ve 6’sı “düşük risk” kategorisinde değerlendirilmiştir. Belirlenen riskler doğrultusunda çeşitli önlemler önerilmiş olup, alınan tedbirler neticesinde mevcut risklerin 63’ü “düşük risk”, 1’i ise “orta risk” seviyesine düşürülmüştür.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Kinetics and Isotherm Evaluation for Adsorptive Removal of Anionic and Cationic Dyes from Aqueous Media by Sulfuric Acid-Modified Beech Sawdust
Ozdes, Duygu; Ozeken, Sengul Tugba; Top, Yener; Kalkisim, Ozgun; Duran, Celal
A novel and efficient adsorbent was prepared by modifying Fagus orientalis L. (beech) sawdust with H2SO4. The adsorption behavior of H2SO4-modified beech sawdust (SMBS) was investigated by batch experiments to offer a straightforward, inexpensive, and effective method for the retention of anionic and cationic model dyes, indigo carmine (IC) and methylene blue (MB), from wastewater. The experimental conditions were optimized by investigating the effects of the initial pH, initial concentrations of IC and MB dyes, dosage of SMBS, period of the contact, and the presence of salts in the aqueous media on the adsorptive performance of SMBS. The initial pH values of the aqueous solutions, from which IC and MB dyes will be removed, were optimized as 2.0 and 6.5 (natural), respectively. The optimum contact time for the adsorption of both dyes onto SMBS was determined to be 240 min. The mechanisms in the adsorption of IC and MB onto SMBS were investigated by evaluating the experimental data through different isotherm and kinetic models. The Langmuir isotherm model and pseudo-second order kinetic model performed well in explaining the mechanism of adsorption. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity of SMBS adsorbent was 38.85 mg g−1 for IC and 58.82 mg g−1 for MB. As a result, CMCP exhibited excellent performance in adsorbing organic pollutants, providing a low-cost and easily prepared alternative to other adsorbents found in the literature.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Natural and H2SO4 modified plane sawdust as a low-cost adsorbent: Removal of anionic and cationic dyes from aqueous solutions
Duran, Celal; Kalkışım, Özgün; Ozdes, Duygu; Ozeken, Sengul Tugba; Top, Yener
Natural and H2SO4-modified plane (Platanus orientalis L.) sawdust were used for the adsorptive removal of cationic methylene blue (MB) and anionic indigo carmine (IC) dyes from aqueous media to suggest a new and cost-effective method for wastewater treatment applications. The influences of initial pH values, concentrations of MB and IC, period of contact, dosages of the natural and modified plane sawdust, and the presence of foreign ions on the adsorption of dyes were investigated in the experimental studies to describe the best conditions of the most efficient adsorption processes. Initial pH values were optimized to be between 6.0-8.0 for MB and 2.0 for IC. Experimentations of Boehm titration, FTIR analysis, pHpzc value, and moisture content determinations were utilized to characterize the natural and modified sawdust materials. Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin-Radushkevich isotherm models were used to evaluate the sorption mechanism. Maximum adsorption capacities of natural plane sawdust (NPS) and H2SO4-modified plane sawdust (MPS) calculated from the Langmuir isotherm model were 55.56 and 38.46 mg g-1 in MB adsorption, and 55.82 and 55.55 mg g-1 in IC adsorption, respectively. Results showed that the natural and H2SO4-modified plane sawdust serve as low-cost and efficient materials in the adsorptive removal of MB and IC dyes for industrial wastewater treatment applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Financial Literacy in Micro-Scale Enterprises Operating in Forest Products Sector: Sample of Gumushane, Turkey; [Financijska pismenost u mikropoduzećima sektora prerade drva: provincija Gumushane, Turska]
Top, Yener; Özbek, Adem
Enterprises are one of the main components of the economic system and they are indispensable for maintaining the sustainability of economic activities. The majority of these enterprises are small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). Sustainability of SMEs depends on their good financial management. Inadequate financial literacy causes SMEs’ owners to make inaccurate financial decisions. The forest products sector is mostly composed of micro-scale enterprises in which financial problems are common. Therefore, this study aims to reveal the financial literacy status of the owners of micro-scale and wood-processing enterprises. For this purpose, 78 enterprises were selected as study population. Data were collected by applying a structured questionnaire to 43 of these companies by the face-to-face interview method. The structured questionnaire consisted of multiple-choice and open-ended questions and statements prepared on the Five Likert scales. Data were analysed by using the Independent-Sample T-Test, Mann-Whitney U-Test and correlation test. The reliability coefficient of the data was found to be 0.791. Of the enterprises, 58 % produced in the furniture sub-sector and 42 % in the wood products sub-sector. This study provides evidence that there was no statistically significant difference between the knowledge means of economics and financial behaviour of the furniture and wood products sectors. However, the enter-prise owners’ knowledge of financial analysis positively affected their financial literacy and financial behaviour.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Type, quantity, and re-use of residues in the forest products industry in Trabzon, Turkey
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Oz, Mehmet
It is necessary to know the type and quantity of wastes to select the proper applications and waste management strategies. This study investigates the type, quantity, and utilisation methods of wastes generated by micro-sized enterprises that produce timber and furniture, which are two major sub-sectors of the forest products industry in Trabzon. A total of 885 enterprises of manufacturing timber and furniture in Trabzon were identified by reviewing the records from the professional chambers of commerce. The stratified sampling method was used to compare the sub-sectors, and the sample size was determined as 120. Among these, 70 furniture- and 50 timber-producing enterprises were interviewed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether the applications of timber and furniture enterprises are dependent on each other. In general, there are no differences in waste utilisation applications and education level between the sub-sectors. The percentage of the owners/managers that received any vocational training is 77.5% in two sub-sectors. In general, engineered wood wastes are used as fuel. The majority of the owners/managers in the timber industry believe that their waste has an economic value compared to those in the furniture sector. The total amount of wood waste generated by sectors was 528 tons in a month.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Approaches of Micro-Scale Furniture and Timber Producing Businesses towards Their Waste and Environment
Adanur, Hakan; Top, Yener; Oz, Mehmet
This study aims to demonstrate the environmental awareness and practices of micro-scale businesses operating in the furniture and timber industry, which are two sub-sectors of the forest products industry. Small and mediumsized businesses have a significant place in every country's economy for their size, production and employment. While 99.9% of the timber, furniture and paper sub-sectors constituting the forest industry are in the small and medium-sized class, 96% of them are in the micro-scale business class. Although the environmental impacts of each of these businesses are limited, they have an important influence in total. Since the late 1980s, environmental impacts of businesses have been an increasing matter of concern. As a result, there is an increasing pressure on small and medium-sized business owners and managers to improve their environmental management practices and performances. A questionnaire was applied to 120 businesses representing 885 micro-scale timber and furniture producing businesses operating in Trabzon by face to face interview in 2015. The clear majority of these businesses believe there is environmental pollution, but the number of businesses that believe their businesses less pollute the environment. In addition, some of the results of the survey are that 66% of the businesses believe that waste cannot be reduced and there is no organization collecting the waste.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Comparison of practices related to occupational health and safety in microscale wood-product enterprises
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet
Risk factors in the workplace vary according to the sector and scale of the business. Small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those within the scope of the wood-products manufacturing industry, are considered to be risky, and have a relatively high accident rate. Here, we focus on the timber and furniture industries, two subsectors of the wood-products industry. A total of 47 enterprises was visited and asked to participate in a formal structured questionnaire. The findings show that the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low, that lighting was often inadequate, and that these enterprises typically lacked routine organising and cleaning practices. The subsectors and the occupational health and safety practices were found to be independent, and a statistically significant relationship could only be established between the subsectors in terms of the use of dust masks and goggles. Despite the unfavourable working conditions, only one business out of 47 reported having an employee with symptoms of occupational diseases.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Structural Analysis of Forest Product Businesses in GümüşhaneProvince
Yaşar, Mehmet; Adanur, Hakan; Top, Yener; Oz, Mehmet
In total, 95% of all business enterprises established in Turkey are micro-scale, and this figureincreases to 98.6% in the forest products industry. Micro-scale enterprises are important in terms ofproduction, employment, and overcoming economic imbalances among regions. The forest productsindustry, which includes three subdivisions within the manufacturing sector, occupies an important placein the overall Turkish manufacturing sector. Thus, this study examined the structural characteristics offorest product enterprises in Gümüşhane Province. The research involved in-person interviews withpersonnel at 47 enterprises. The data revealed that the sawmill division was especially important withrespect to the use of local poplar logs. The sawmill and furniture divisions accounted for 28% of allenterprises and 26% of all employees in the manufacturing sector in Gümüşhane. We found that 57% ofenterprises had difficulty in finding working capital and 55% of enterprises experienced shortages oflabour. The average contribution of each forest products business to employment (2.55) was more thanthat of other manufacturers in Gümüşhane (2.27). The forest product businesses in Gümüşhane resembleother micro-scale enterprises located in other regions of Turkey in terms of their structural properties.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Structural Analysis of Forest Product Businesses in GumushaneProvince
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet; Yasar, Mehmet
In total, 95% of all business enterprises established in Turkey are micro-scale, and this figure increases to 98.6% in the forest products industry. Micro-scale enterprises are important in terms of production, employment, and overcoming economic imbalances among regions. The forest products industry, which includes three subdivisions within the manufacturing sector, occupies an important place in the overall Turkish manufacturing sector. Thus, this study examined the structural characteristics of forest product enterprises in Gumushane Province. The research involved in-person interviews with personnel at 47 enterprises. The data revealed that the sawmill division was especially important with respect to the use of local poplar logs. The sawmill and furniture divisions accounted for 28% of all enterprises and 26% of all employees in the manufacturing sector in Gumushane. We found that 57% of enterprises had difficulty in finding working capital and 55% of enterprises experienced shortages of labour. The average contribution of each forest products business to employment (2.55) was more than that of other manufacturers in Gumushane (2.27). The forest product businesses in Gumushane resemble other micro-scale enterprises located in other regions of Turkey in terms of their structural properties.