Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026A reliability generalization meta-analysis of job insecurity scales: Evidence from hospitality and tourism research
Polat, Eray
The study examines the pooled reliability estimates of job insecurity (JI) scales employed in hospitality and tourism (H&T) research. By synthesizing reported reliability coefficients and identifying moderators influencing score consistency, this meta-analytic study consolidates the fragmented psychometric evidence in the field. Reliability coefficients were derived from 140 independent samples comprising 56,265 respondents. Pooled reliability estimates were calculated separately for each scale, and moderator analyses were performed to explain the variability. Findings indicate that De Witte's (2000) scale is the most frequently utilized scale. Pienaar et al.’s (2013) scale yielded the highest estimate (α=.94, 95% CI [.89.,97]), whereas Hellgren and Sverke's (2003) scale demonstrated the lowest (α=.82, 95% CI [.78.,85]). Moderator analyses revealed that scale version, publication year, number of items, sample size, scale mean, and gender distribution significantly influenced reliability estimates. The study provides robust, context-dependent evidence to inform the selection of JI scales.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Predictors of citations: an analysis of highly-cited-papers in hospitality and tourism research using a machine learning approach
Polat, Eray; Çelik, Fatih; Arici, Hasan Evrim; Köseoglu, Mehmet Ali
In the dynamic nature of hospitality and tourism (H&T) research, it is increasingly difficult to distinguish highly-cited-papers (HCPs) due to the rapid proliferation of publications. This study employs machine learning techniques to identify the predictors of citation counts in H&T research over both short-term (5-year) and long-term (20-year) periods using HCPs. The analysis integrates a theoretical framework comprising normative theory and social constructivist theory. The findings indicate that international citation, PlumXmetrics, and early citations are the most effective determinants in both periods. Furthermore, while the importance of international citations is evident in both periods, the order of importance of the other two predictors changes. PlumXmetrics are more important in the long-term, while early citations are more important in the short-term. In conclusion, this comprehensive and up-to-date study of citation dynamics provides valuable insights for scholars and other stakeholders interested in enhancing the visibility and influence of H&T literature.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The past scene of hospitality ethics: A citation analysis perspective
Polat, Eray; Köseoglu, Mehmet Ali
The literature on ethics research in hospitality has significantly expanded in recent years. The objective of this study is to present a comprehensive overview of ethical research in the field of hospitality literature. This will facilitate insight into future developments by examining the past. A two-step approach is employed, comprising citation analysis, a bibliometric analysis technique, and a systematic review. The former is used to identify themes, which are then discussed in the latter. The citation analysis revealed five main themes of the domain: environmental concerns, organisational citizenship behaviour, reputation management and ethical leadership. Environmental concerns were examined from two perspectives: the viewpoint of hotels and the environmental behaviours of tourists and consumers. Subsequently, a systematic review was conducted using the TCM framework (theory/context/methodology) with the objective of identifying the most prominent theories, contexts, and methodological issues associated with each theme. The issue has predominantly been discussed using quantitative analysis and social-based theories. Research has been mainly conducted in the US and the EU. Environmental ethics is likely to remain a significant area of concern in the future. This study offers a perspective that can aid researchers in developing future studies on ethics and help practitioners enhance the ethical climate of the industry.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Influencer Authenticity in Marketing: A Systematic Literature Review and Future Research Agenda
Celik, Fatih; Ibrahim, Blend; Polat, Eray; Moulard, Julie; Akbulut, Metin
As influencer marketing scales into a mainstream advertising channel, authenticity has become its defining currency, yet consumers and brands struggle to understand what makes a social media influencer (SMI) genuinely credible and why strategic authenticity backfires. Despite growing scholarly interest, research remains fragmented, leaving practitioners without a unified framework to guide their decisions. Through a systematic literature review (SLR) of 138 peer-reviewed articles (2011-2024), using topic modeling and thematic analysis, we identify the authenticity paradox, the inherent conflict that arises when SMIs attempt to commercialize their genuine self-presentation. This tension also explains why recent evidence reports no overall engagement benefit from perceived authenticity. Seven latent topics are synthesized into four integrated axes: (1) ontological tensions at the technological interface, (2) the commercial transparency and trust paradox, (3) ethical negotiation in identity construction, and (4) strategic consumer responses. Our findings reveal how consumers continuously navigate between SMIs' curated performances and perceived genuineness, with self-determination theory, attribution theory, and parasocial interaction theory dominating current explanations, predominantly within USA-based contexts. Beyond mapping the field, we specify three conceptual patterns, namely authenticity as attributed intent, transparency as coherence rather than concealment, and authenticity as a structurally constrained accomplishment. We then translate the gaps they expose into a structured research agenda, offering actionable insights for brands, managers, and platform designers on authenticity management, influencer selection, partnership governance, and performance evaluation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025The effect of perceived overqualification on relative deprivation: The moderating role of organisational silence
Polat, Eray; Esen, Ozan; Çalışkan, Serkan
This study aimed to adapt the Mature Happiness Scale-Revised, developed based on the Positive Psychology 2.0 (PP 2.0) theoretical framework, into Turkish. The study tested the linguistic equivalence, structural validity, and internal reliability of the scale. Validity and reliability were analysed using data collected from 303 white-collar employees working in various sectors in Istanbul. For linguistic equivalence, item-level correlations between the English and Turkish forms ranged from moderate to high (0.504–0.768), and the total score correlation was extremely high (r = 0.990). Confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) supported the single-factor model of the scale with good fit indices (CFI = 0.972; GFI = 0.974; AGFI = 0.944; RMSEA = 0.064). The scale's internal consistency was "good," with a Cronbach's Alpha coefficient of 0.797. Therefore, the Turkish version of the Mature Happiness Scale was determined to be a theoretically and psychometrically valid and reliable measurement tool. This scale can serve as a valuable tool for supporting research in positive psychology and understanding individuals' psychological well-being within the Turkish cultural context.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Mapping Ethics Research in the Hospitality Scholarship
Polat, Eray; Köseoglu, Mehmet Ali
This paper examines the role of ethics-related research in shaping the intellectual structure of hospitality-literature through a two-step method. The intellectual structure of the most-cited ethics-related references was revealed by co-citation analysis. Content analysis was made to reveal each cluster’s main themes. A database comprising 9664 references from seven hospitality journals, spanning 60 years, was analyzed. The analysis uncovered four thematic clusters, indicating that organizational citizenship behaviors and environmental-ethics are the predominant topics in the hospitality-ethics literature. The previous studies heavily focused on examining relationships and their practical implications. The study adopted a novel approach to bibliometric analysis that has never been used in hospitality ethics-reviews. The results of the concept-discipline-focused hybrid-review provide a comprehensive understanding of the knowledge domain and indicate research directions.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2024Authentic Leadership: A Systematic Review and Research Agenda
Polat, Eray; Arici, Hasan Evrim; Arasli, Huseyin
There has been a growing interest in authentic leadership as a distinctive style of leadership and a dynamic research topic. In this direction, the aim of this study is multifaceted. First, we focus on providing a comprehensive overview of research on authentic leadership (AL), which has attracted substantial research interest in the last few years. Second, we outline the theoretical and nomological network of AL, highlighting antecedents, outcomes, moderators, and mediators. Third, we offer an elaborated future research agenda to enable advances in theory and empirics. We systematically reviewed 182 articles issued in the business management and psychology literature between 2005 and 2021. Interest in AL is growing, and 2020 is the golden year. Developed countries dominate the field. After a rigorous review, we offer a future research agenda with four key themes. The study highlights that AL is critical to the emergence and growth of valuable behaviours, attitudes, and performance at individual, team, and organisational levels. The study provides new research ideas and further conceptualization of AL. We also provide a comprehensive review of why managers should continue to practice AL, where the literature has been, and where it may be headed in the future.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Publishing in Hospitality and Tourism Journals: Revisiting the Criteria Used by Leading Reviewers in Turkey
Polat, Eray
This study aims to identify the criteria reviewers use to determine whether to accept or reject empirical manuscripts and to define which criteria are more significant. In this exploratory study, which utilizes qualitative research methods, 16 members of the Scientific Committee of the National Tourism Congress of Turkey were asked to identify the primary areas they focus on when reviewing a manuscript. The data was analyzed using content analysis to determine the most significant criteria. The study identifies six criteria for acceptance and seven for rejection. The most important criterion for acceptance is the appropriateness and adequacy of the research method, while the most crucial criterion for rejection is methodological weakness. Other criteria influencing the reviewers' acceptance or rejection decisions focus on similar issues. The critical factor that distinguishes them is how the manuscript meets the requirements established by the reviewers. The study provided recommendations for future researchers.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Reliability generalization meta-analysis of the food neophobia scale: Turkish sample
Polat, Eray; Çalişkan, Serkan
Purpose: The Food Neophobia Scale developed by Pliner and Hobden (1992) has been widely utilized globally and in Turkey for many years to measure people's fear of new foods. This study aims to determine the mean value by conducting a reliability generalization meta-analysis for the reported reliability coefficients of individual studies in Turkey's tourism field, which employed Pliner and Hobden's scale to investigate food neophobia. Additionally, this study explores variations in the mean value among subgroups. Methods: A reliability generalization meta-analysis based on a random-effects model was conducted to examine the heterogeneity of reliability coefficients in the study, along with heterogeneity analyses and moderator analyses. Results: Based on the analysis of 48 independent samples (N= 23306), the transformed mean Cronbach's alpha value was estimated to be .827 (95% CI [.796-.853]) and found to be significant. The Q-test and I2 values reveal significant heterogeneity between alpha coefficients, indicating a notable variation in the measurement reliability across samples. Moderator analyses using analog to the ANOVA and meta-regression analyses showed that reliability coefficients differed according to the variables of publication type, sample type, and proportion of women in the sample. Implications: The results offer valuable insight for researchers seeking to select appropriate scales for investigating food neophobia.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Past, present, and future scene of influencer marketing in hospitality and tourism management
Polat, Eray; Çelik, Fatih; Ibrahim, Blend; Gursoy, Dogan
This paper reviews influencer marketing (IM)-research in the tourism and hospitality (H&T) field to provide a state-of-the-art of the past, present, and future of IM-research. It identifies research themes, theoretical underpinnings, and methodologies utilized in IM-research. Seventy-five studies are examined through co-citation, bibliographic coupling and content analysis based on the TCCM (theory/context/characteristics/methodology) framework. Co-citation analysis reveals that IM-research focused on travel blogs, vlogs, celebrity endorsement, influencer authenticity. An assessment of recent studies through bibliographic coupling indicates a partial shift toward the study of more contemporary issues. This field-discipline-focused hybrid-review contributes to literature and practice by presenting the past, present, and future of IM-research.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Kariyer Başarısına Politik Beceri ve Lider-Üye Etkileşiminin Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerine Yönelik Bir Araştırma
Ödemiş, Murat; Polat, Eray
İşgörenlerin politik beceri (PB) düzeylerinin tespiti, bu becerilerden azami düzeyde nasıl yararlanılabileceği ve işgörenlerin kariyer başarısındaki (KB) rolü, turizm işletmeleri açısından önemli konular arasındadır. Ayrıca otel yöneticilerinin işgörenlerle olan ilişkilerinin işgörenlerin motive edilmesindeki ve KB’deki rolü de otel işletmelerinin etkinliği ve verimliliği açısından değerlendirilmesi gereken konulardır. Bu doğrultuda araştırmada, işgörenlerin PB’leri ile KB’leri arasındaki ilişkiye lider-üye etkileşiminin (LÜE) aracılık edip etmediğinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, İstanbul’daki otel işletmelerinde yürütülmüş ve veri toplama aracı olarak anket kullanılmıştır. Araştırma modeli, Process makro yazılımı ile test edilmiş, aracı değişkenin etkisi ön yükleme metodu ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, PB ile KB arasındaki ilişkiye LÜE’nin aracılık ettiğini göstermiştir. Araştırmanın sonuçlarına göre bazı önerilerde bulunulmuştur. Bu doğrultuda, KB üzerinde PB’nin, LÜE’ye kıyasla daha büyük bir etkiye sahip olması nedeniyle çalışanların kişisel yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri daha önemli görülmüştür. Bu nedenle çalışanların; iletişim, sosyal zekâ, insanları etkileme gibi doğrudan PB ile ilgili veya müzakere, sorumluluk alabilme, kriz anında sorun çözebilme gibi diğer yeteneklerini geliştirmeleri, yüksek KB elde edebilmelerinin önünü açacaktır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023İşyeri Zorbalığı ve İş Tatmininin İş Stresi Üzerindeki Etkisi: Otel İşletmelerinde Bir Araştırma
Polat, Eray; Oflaz, Musa
Günümüz iş yerleri, iş stresine ve iş yerinde zorba davranışlara sıklıkla konu olmaktadır. Nitekim insani ilişkilerin yoğun olduğu otel işletmelerinde de bu tür sorunlar görülmektedir. Dolayısıyla bu sorunların giderilmesi için gerçekleştirilen çalışmalar önem arz etmektedir. Bu araştırmada, iş yeri zorbalığının iş stresi üzerindeki etkisi ve iş tatminin bu etkideki aracılık rolü belirlemek amaçlanmaktadır. Araştırma, İstanbul’daki otel işletmelerinde yürütülmüş ve anket tekniği ile veri toplanmıştır. Araştırma modeli Process makro yazılımı ile test edilerek aracı değişkenin etkisi ön yükleme metodu ile ölçülmüştür. Sonuçlar, iş yeri zorbalığının iş stresini artırdığını ve iş tatminin buna aracılık ettiğini göstermektedir. İş tatmini iş yeri zorbalığının, iş stresi üzerindeki olumsuz etkisini azaltmaktadır. Araştırma, iş yerindeki zorba davranışların olumsuz etkisini çalışanlar açısından vurgulamaktadır ve çalışanların tatmin ve stres düzeylerinin olumsuz bir yordayıcısı olduğunu göstermektedir. Yönetsel açıdan bakıldığında, bu makalenin sonuçları işletmeleri ve yöneticilerini zorba davranışları en aza indirmeye, hatta durdurmaya teşvik etmektedir. Bu araştırma, bu konu ile ilgili literatürün oldukça kısıtlı olması nedeniyle literatüre de katkı sağlamaktadır.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2023Wellness tourism scholarship: a research agenda
Polat, Eray; Koseoglu, Mehmet Ali
Purpose: The study aims to explore the intellectual structure of wellness tourism (WT) research by performing a two-phase methodological approach. Design/methodology/approach: Citation and co-citation analysis were performed on 209 articles published up to October 2021 in Scopus, and the results were visualised with the VOSviewer software. Furthermore, to assess clusters in-depth, qualitative thematic content analysis was used. Findings: The findings indicate that the main articles of WT research examine the demand side of WT. Five clusters were explored by co-citation analysis. Each cluster is discussed by presenting the main theme, key theoretical framework, and characteristic methodological perspective. Accordingly, no dominant theory stands out in research on wellness tourism. Most of the study has been done through cross-sectional surveys. Practical implications: The authors anticipate that by the recommendations outlined in this study, WT research will progress and provide significant insights to WT practitioners in the coming years to meet tourist expectations. Originality/value: Via this research, which shows the discovery of the intellectual structure of WT and its holistic picture, the deficiencies in the picture will be seen, and practitioners will be provided information based on evidence.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Unpacking the power of user-generated videos in hospitality and tourism: a systematic literature review and future direction
Polat, Eray; Çelik, Fatih; Ibrahim, Blend; Köseoglu, Mehmet Ali
We review user-generated video (UGV)-research in hospitality and tourism (H&T), provide an overview of its current-state, and suggest ways forward. We adopted a systematic literature review methodology and reviewed 66 articles with TCM (theory/context/methodology) framework. UGV-research focuses on (i) destination image perception, (ii) short-form videos and travel live-streaming, (iii) behavioral intentions, and (iv) crisis management. Theoretical development is diverse, given the descriptive nature of research questions, but it is still in its infancy. The context varies by H&T setting, type of social media platform, population, and country. Research methods and techniques range from traditional analysis to advanced machine learning or artificial intelligence-based quantitative approaches, predominantly qualitative methods.
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2022Digital Marketing and Digital Marketing Applications in the Asian Tourism Industry
Polat, Eray
Technology takes the place more and more in human life and directs it. Therefore, it is no longer possible to imagine that marketing, which has a fundamental goal to meet the needs and desires of people, is independent of the technology that has entered such human life. The primary objective of this section is to provide a conceptual framework for digital marketing, which has become increasingly pronounced in recent years. By doing so, the evolution of the marketing mix and digital marketing practices is discussed in particular. The second important objective in this section is to present examples of digital marketing practices carried out by tourism enterprises in Asian countries. When the relevant literature is examined, it can be said that in the context of the Asian tourism industry, this area is left under-researched. In this context, secondary data, generated from the existing literature, were used to collect data. Findings show that digital marketing applications in Asian countries are not yet implemented sufficiently and need to be developed. This issue will be more important for the Y and Z generation tourists who are more deeply related to technology as it is important today.
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2022Creating Loyal Customers with Digital Marketing Applications: The 5A Model
Polat, Eray
As a result of the effects of the digital revolution, it became very difficult for brands to attract the attention of consumers, to sustain this, and to eventually turn them into loyal customers. In this context, the primary purpose of the chapter is to examine how the brand-customer interaction is realized in the way of creating loyal customers with digital marketing activities. The secondary important goal in this section is to provide examples of digital marketing practices carried out by tourism companies in Asian countries to create loyal customers. Also in this section, which subcultures are more important in terms of digital marketing and what are the basic skills that businesses should have in building loyalty in the digital age. When the relevant literature is examined, it can be said that in the context of the Asian tourism industry, this area is left under-researched. In this context, secondary data, generated from the existing literature, were used to collect data. According to the results obtained, Kotler, Kartajaya, and Setiawan (2017)’s 5A (Awareness, Appeal, Ask, Act and Advocacy) model, developed instead of the AIDA (Attention, Interest, Desire and Action) model, consisting of aware, appeal, ask, act, and advocacy stages can be proposed as an important model that can integrate the developments in the digital age into brand-customer interaction. While the subcultures that businesses should focus more on attaining loyal customers are youths, women, and Internet citizens (netizens), the basic skills that businesses should have can be expressed as automation, proactive personalization, contextual interaction, and innovation. It is observed that the activities carried out by the tourism companies in Asian countries to create a loyal customer base are concentrated on the loyalty programs in general. It can be said that these programs, which bring various monetary rewards to users, are also integrated with digital technologies. Besides, it has been observed that businesses concentrate more on aware and appeal stages. However, to obtain a loyal customer group more easily in the digital age, businesses need to carry out activities that may attract the attention of consumers during the ask, act, and advocacy stages.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021Hizmet Verme Yatkınlığının İşten Ayrılma Niyeti Üzerindeki Etkisinde İş Tatmininin Aracılık Rolü*
Polat, Eray; Şahin, Bayram; Misir, İbrahim
Turizm endüstrisinde özellikle de konaklama işletmelerinde işgören devir oranlarının yüksekliği bilinen bir sorundur. Bu konu ile ilgili olarak, yazındaki çalışmalarda daha çok ekonomik özendiriciler üzerinde durulduğu, psikolojik temelli konuların yeterince irdelenmediği görülmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, konaklama işletmeleri çalışanlarının hizmet verme yatkınlığı (HVY) düzeyinin işten ayrılma niyetine (İAN) etkisini ve iki değişken arasındaki ilişkide iş tatmininin (İŞT) aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Nicel araştırma yöntemlerinin kullanıldığı araştırmada, İstanbul’daki konaklama işletmelerinde çalışan işgörenler ile yüz yüze görüşülmüş ve veriler anket tekniği aracılığıyla toplanmıştır. Araştırma sonucunda, işgörenlerin HVY düzeyinin İAN üzerindeki doğrudan etkisinin anlamlı olmadığı tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca İŞT’nin bu ilişkide tam aracı olduğu da tespit edilmiştir. Ek olarak, araştırmada tespit edilen diğer bulgulara göre HVY düzeyinin İŞT’yi anlamlı ve pozitif şekilde etkilediği; İŞT’nin İAN’yi anlamlı ve negatif şekilde etkilediği söylenebilmektedir. Bulgular ışığında konaklama işletmesi yöneticilerine çeşitli öneriler sunulmuştur.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2021Food and beverage experience in tourism in the context of experience \reconomy
Özdemir, Sami Sonat; Polat, Eray
Nowadays, new tourism activities have emerged with the demand for the single experience of the components that comprise the \rwhole of tourism activities. Especially the attraction of food and beverage in recent years has started to stand out; this increase in \rthe importance of the sector indicates that enriching the experiences in food and beverage will increase the value of tourism in \rgeneral. Food and beverage experience in tourism supports the total experience in terms of presenting the potential opportunities \rabout entertainment, educational, esthetic, and escapist experiences; it thus has a positive impact on holistic consumer satisfaction. \rIn the study, the concept and dimensions of the experience economy are explained, and food and beverage experience in tourism is \revaluated. It is determined that supporting the food and beverage experiences in terms of presenting a holistic experience might \rdevelop consumer experiences. Additionally, it is found that the potential in the dimensions of experience economy can be \rdeveloped. According to the result, activities in these dimensions’ scope are efficient in ensuring an optimum experience level. On \rthe other hand, suggestions about developing this potential are presented in the study.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The Effect of Socio-Demographic Variables in the Perception of Job Insecurity: A Study in Hotel Enterprises
Polat, Eray
Women entrepreneurship makes significant contributions to the level of economic development in the world. However, different from developed economies women entrepreneurs meet more difficult and challenging situations in developing economies. Further to that women participation in workforce and entrepreneurship process is much lesser in the countries where the gender gap is high. According to some study findings, independently of disadvantageous conditions and the level of economic development, how women entrepreneurs become successful is the issue of concern. Thus, the aim of the study is to explore the experiences, success factors, and personal and social results of women entrepreneurship process. The semi-structured interview method was employed in the study. A total of 30 entrepreneur women participated in the research. The results showed that apart from personal characteristics the environmental support is also significant in the women entrepreneurship process. It was also understood that the self-perceptions change positively with the effects of decreasing inequality attitudes towards women.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Çift-Körleme Hakemlik Sürecinin Etkinliği Konusunda Turizm Akademisyenlerinin Düşünceleri
Polat, Eray
Hakemli dergilere gönderilen çalışmalar, çeşitli açılardan kontrol edilmesi amacıyla hakemlik süreci adı verilen denetime tabi tutulmaktadır. Çift-körleme hakemlik süreci (ÇK) de bu süreçlerden biri olarak, turizm disiplininde yer alan bilimsel dergilerce baskın bir şekilde tercih edilmektedir. Ancak son yıllarda ÇK, çeşitli açılardan eleştirilere konu olmaktadır. Bu bağlamda araştırmanın amacı, turizm akademisyenlerinin ÇK hakkındaki düşüncelerini tespit etmektir. Nitel araştırma yöntemlerinin benimsendiği araştırmada, 20. Ulusal Turizm Kongresinin bilim kurulunda yer alan akademisyenler, evreni oluşturmaktadır. Evrenin ulaşılabilir büyüklükte olması nedeniyle örneklem alınmamıştır. Veri toplama amacıyla katılımcılarla elektronik ortamda görüşülerek uygulanan yarı-yapılandırılmış görüşme formu kullanılmıştır. Elde edilen veriler, betimsel analiz yöntemi ile analiz edilmiştir. Sonuçlara göre turizm akademisyenlerinin büyük kısmı (%69), ÇK’nın, hakem denetimi açısından yeterli olduğunu düşünmektedir. Ayrıca süreç, objektiflik ve kalite güvencesi sağlaması yönünden avantajlara; zaman ve hakemlerin özensiz/dikkatsiz inceleme yapabilmesi yönüyle dezavantajlara sahiptir. Sürecin, editör ve hakemlerin alacağı birtakım önlemlerle daha iyi hale gelebileceği akademisyenlerce öngörülmektedir.