Yazarlar
- Kenek, Gökhan(13)
- Pala, Fahrettin(11)
- Komut, Osman(10)
- Akyol, Hikmet(9)
- Demirbağ, Orkun(9)
- Barut, Abdulkadir(8)
- Sökmen, Alptekin(8)
- Bekar, Fevziye(7)
- Ayaydin, Hasan(6)
- Benk, Osman(6)
- Durmuş, İbrahim(6)
- Merddan, Kurtuluş(6)
- Polat, Eray(6)
- Top, Yener(6)
- Çelik, Orkun(6)
- Demirbag, Kubra Simsek(5)
- Doğan, Onur(5)
- Soydaş, Şafak Sönmez(5)
- Sımsek, Tugçe(5)
- Vural, Selvi(5)
- Yasar, Sekip Sadiye(5)
- Yıldız, Barış(5)
- Zuhal, Mustafa(5)
- Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem(4)
- Akyol, Mehmet(4)
- Artan, Seyfettin(4)
- Fidan, Muhammed Said(4)
- Gökçe, Ahmet(4)
- Hayaloglu, Pinar(4)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(4)
- Keyifli, Nazlı(4)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(4)
- Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip(4)
- Sancar, Canan(4)
- Sökmen, Alev(4)
- Tuna, Hasan(4)
- Adanacioglu, Hakan(3)
- Adanur, Hakan(3)
- Cakir, Mehmet Ali(3)
- Denizli, Umut(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2018CO2 emisyonu- enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasındaki nedensellik ilişkisi: G7 ülkeleri üzerine ekonometrik bir analiz
Polat, Melike Atay; Özkök, Canan Sancar
Günümüzde çevre kirliliğinin artan boyutlara ulaşması ve küresel ısınmanın olumsuz etkilerinin hafifletilmesi yönündeki çabalar CO2 salınımına neden olan enerji kaynaklarının kullanımı sorununu gündeme getirmiştir. Ekonomik büyüme ve daha ileriki bir aşama olan ekonomik kalkınma enerji kaynaklarının kullanımını hızlandırır. Bu süreç enerji rezervlerinin tükenmesi yanında CO2 emisyonu düzeyinde de artışa neden olur. Bu nedenle de CO2 emisyonunun azalması, enerji tasarrufu sağlanması ve ekonomik performansın ayarlanması açısından bu üç değişkenin optimal düzeyinin birlikte formüle edilmesi gerektirmektedir. Bu çalışmada, G7 ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu, enerji tüketimi ve ekonomik büyüme arasında ilişki olup olmadığını araştırılmıştır. Bu amaçla, G7 ülkelerinin 1980-2011 dönemi verileri kullanılarak panel birim kök, panel eş bütünleşme ve panel nedensellik testleri kullanılmıştır. Birim kök testi sonuçlarına göre düzeyde durağan olmayan değişkenler uzun dönemde eş bütünleşiktir. Çalışmanın panel nedensellik testi sonuçları, G7 ülkelerinde CO2 emisyonu ile GSYH ve enerji tüketimi ile GSYH arasında çift yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın sonuçları politika yapıcılar için G7 ülkelerinde enerji verimliliğindeki artışın teknolojik açıdan önceliklendirilmesini ve çevre dostu politikalarda ortak hareket planları uygulamalarını öncelikli kılmaktadır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018The Impact of Job Characteristics on Intention to Leave: The Mediating Role of Career Satisfaction
Sökmen, Alptekin; Kenek, Gökhan
The purpose of this study is to examine the mediating role of career satisfaction on the relationships between three psychological states (according to Hackman and Oldham (1975) Job Characteristics Model) on intention to leave. The data of the study were obtained by electronic questionnaire from 271 Research Assistants working at two public universities in Ankara. In order to examine relationships between that variables, correlation and regression analysis were examined by SPSS 23 program. According to the results there are positive and significant relationships between three psychological states (meaningfulness of work – responsibility for outcomes – knowledge of results) and career satisfaction. On the other hand results also reveal that there are negative and significance relationships between psychological states and intention to leave. Furthermore career satisfaction has a partial mediating role on the relationship between three psychological states and intention to leave.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Enflasyon ve ekonomik büyüme gerçekten genç işsizliği etkiler mi? gelişmekte olan 20 ekonomiden kanıtlar
Bölükbaş, Mehmet
Bu çalışmanın temel amacı gelişmekte olan ekonomilerde enflasyon ve ekonomik büyümenin genç işsizliği nasıl etkilediğini tartışmaktır. Bu bağlamda çalışmada enflasyon ve ekonomik büyümenin genç işsizlik üzerindeki etkisi 1991-2016 dönemi dikkate alınarak 20 gelişmekte olan ülke (Brezilya, Çek Cumhuriyeti, Çin, Filipinler, Endonezya, Güney Afrika, Hindistan, Kolombiya, Macaristan, Malezya, Meksika, Mısır, Pakistan, Peru, Polonya, Rusya, Şili, Tayland, Türkiye ve Yunanistan) için test edilmiştir. Değişkenler arasındaki ilişki ikinci nesil panel eşbütünleşme ve panel nedensellik testleriyle araştırılmıştır. Westerlund (2008) tarafından geliştirilen Durbin-Hausman panel eşbütünleşme test sonuçlarına göre, değişkenler arasında bir eşbütünleşme ilişkisi tespit edilmiştir. Bununla birlikte, Durbin-Hausman (2012) panel nedensellik test sonuçları, hem enflasyon ile genç işsizlik arasında, hem de ekonomik büyüme ile genç işsizlik arasında istatistik olarak anlamlı olan iki yönlü nedensellik ilişkisi bulunduğunu göstermektedir. Bu sonuçlara dayanarak enflasyonun ve ekonomik büyümenin genç işsizliği gerçek anlamda etkilediği ve bu etkinin negatif yönde olduğu söylenebilmektedir. Bunun anlamı ise çalışma kapsamındaki gelişmekte olan ülkelerde enflasyonda ve ekonomik büyümede meydana gelecek pozitif gelişmelerin genç işsizliği azaltmada etkili olduğudur.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Mavi Renklenme Zararının Tomrukların Endüstriyel İşlenme Özellikleri Üzerine Etkileri
Öztürk, Atakan; Komut, Osman
Mavi renklenme tomruk, kereste ve kullanım yerlerindeki malzemede estetik karakteristikler ve mekanik şok direncinde neden olduğudeğişimler dolayısıyla önemli ekonomik kayıplara yol açmaktadır. Diğer yandan, zarara maruz kalmış malzemede emprenye ve üstyüzey işlemlerindeki başarı oranının düşük olmasının tomruğun endüstriyel kullanım alanlarını önemli ölçüde sınırlandırdığıbilinmektedir. Bu çalışma mavi renklenme zararının, tomruk işleyen orman endüstri işletmeleri üretim süreci üzerindeki etkilerini veneden olduğu kayıpları belirlemeyi amaçlamıştır. Araştırma, Gümüşhane ilinde Sarıçam tomruğu işleyen toplam 9 küçük ve orta ölçeklikereste üretim işletmesinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çalışmada, mavi renklenme zararının boyutu tomruk toplam hacmine oranlanarakdeğerlendirilmiştir. Diğer yandan, inşaat ve doğrama sektörlerine yönelik üretim gerçekleştiren işletmeler arasında, mavileşmesonucu oluşan tahribat yönünden karşılaştırmalar yapılmıştır. Çalışma sonucunda, mavi renklenme tahribatında hacmen zarara maruzkalma oranının diri odun genişliği, tomruk boy ve çap değişkenlerine bağlı olmak üzere %32-84 arasında değiştiği belirlenmiştir.Ayrıca, inşaat ve doğrama sektörlerine yönelik kereste üretimi yapan işletmeler arasında tomruk enine kesit yüzeyindeki mavileşmişalan genişliği ve bozuk hacim oranı değişkenlerine göre istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu (p<0,05) tespit edilmiştir.Diğer yandan, inşaat sektörüne yönelik üretim yapan kereste işletmelerinde mavi renklenme zararının göz ardı edildiği görülmüştür.Doğrama sektörüne yönelik üretim yapan işletmelerde ise malzemenin görsel niteliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla mavileşmiş kısmınuzaklaştırıldığı, ancak bu işlem dolayısıyla ilave enerji ve işgücü maliyetlerinin oluştuğu tespit edilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Güç motivasyonunun iş sevgisine etkisinde geribildirim arama davranışının düzenleyici rolü
Aslan, Sevil; Antalyalı, Omer Lütfı
Bu çalışmanın amacı, güç motivasonuyla iş sevgisi ilişkisinde geribildirim arama motivasyonlarının düzenleyici rolünün araştırılmasıdır. Alanda yapılan çalışmalarda, çalışanların iş sevgisinin birçok etmenin yanında temel motivasyon kaynakları ve geribildirim arama motivasyonlarıyla ilişkili olduğu görülmüştür. İşyerinde var olan performansla ilgili bilgilere erişimi sağlayan geribildirim arama, belirsizliklerin azalmasında etkili olduğundan iş sevgisiyle oldukça ilişkilidir. Bunun yanında, bireyin etkin olma isteğini niteleyen güç ihtiyacının karşılanması sonucunda iş sevgisinin pozitif yönde etkilendiği bilinmektedir. Buradan hareketle bu çalışmada, bireylerin güç motivasyonlarının iş sevgisine etkisi ve geribildirim arama motivasyonlarının bu ilişkideki rolüne odaklanılmıştır. Bu amaçla çalışma, özel hastanelerde çalışan 219 hemşireye ulaşılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Katılımcıların temel motivasyon kaynakları, iş sevgileri ve geribildirim arama davranışlarını ölçmek amacıyla 3 farklı ölçekten oluşan anket kullanılmıştır. Anket sonucunda elde edilen veriler SPSS ve AMOS programlarıyla analiz edilerek değerlendirmeye tabi tutulmuştur. Analiz sonucunda hemşirelerin geribildirime kayıtsızlık düzeyinin, güç motivasyonunun iş sevgisine etkisinde düzenleyici rolü olduğu saptanmıştır. Buna göre bireyin geribildirime kayıtsızlık düzeyi arttıkça güç ihtiyacının iş sevgisine etkisinin artış gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Buna karşın geribildirime defansif yaklaşma düzeylerinin, güç motivasyonunun iş sevgisine etkisinde herhangi bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Ergonomic risk perception of women working in metal industry: a survey
Aytaç, Sevinç Serpil; Tüfekçi, Ülviye; Gökçe, Ahmet; Yamankaradeniz, Nurettin; Akalp, Hüsre Gizem; Cankaya, Oguzhan; Özok, Ahmet Fahri
In this study, it is aimed to evaluate the ergonomic risk perceptions of women working in metal industry in terms of Occupational Health and Safety. For this purpose, 1918 female workers working in the metal industry in our province were measured by ergonomic risk perception, fatalism perception and safety awareness in a workplace. In this questionnaire, using the scale of ergonomic risk perception created by the researchers, the scale of security awareness and fatalism used in other studies were used. The data were analyzed by using SPSS package program and their perceptions about ergonomic risks were analyzed by using factor analysis, correlation and t tests. In this study, musculoskeletal problems emerged as the first priority in women workers as ergonomic risk factors by considering the characteristics of women's work.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018AN ANALYSIS OF THE IMPACT OF INSTITUTIONAL STRUCTURE ON TOURISM IN THE MEDITERRANEAN COUNTRIES
Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloglu, Pinar; Demirel, Selim Koray
Institutional economics literature suggests that inclusive institutions encourage economic growth by increasing efficiency in many sectors of the economy. Institutional structure also has effects on the tourism sector due to the confidential environment and incentives it brings. In this context, when studies on determinants of tourism are examined, it is remarkable that there are a number of studies on economic and social factors, but that there are limited studies about institutional determinants of tourism. This study investigates the causal relationships between institutional factors and tourism sector in nine Mediterranean coastal countries also including Turkey for the period of 1995-2015 by using Konya (2006) panel causality analysis. The results of the study using variables of corruption and democratic accountability as indicative of institutional structure reveal causal relations between tourism expenditures and institutional factors.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018USAK SUGAR FACTORY AS A SUCCESS OF PRIVATE ENTREPRENEURSHIP
Damlibag, Fatih
Nuri Seker founded Usak Sugar Factory in 1926. He targeted to produce Turkish sugar from beet. Thus, he wanted to easily ensure this need of Turkish people. He also planned to provide a regular source of income to poor peasants. He established a company and began to collect capital for the factory. Czechoslovak Skoda firm provide technology to the factory. After inauguration, Usak Sugar Factory met water supply and agricultural pest problem. Nuri Seker also had to teach newly sugar beet cultivation to peasants. In contrary to all difficulties, factory started its operations and sugar production was steadily increased. But Nuri Seker faced with financial difficulties, because experience years in sugar production increased factory's debts. As a result of these debts, government decided to liquidate the factory's company. Nationalization was practiced on 6 August 1931. During the liquidation process, rights of public partners became main argument point. Later, government decided to pay face values of public partners' shares. Eventually, links of private entrepreneurs were totally severed from Usak Sugar Factory.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Do We Need Friendship in the Workplace? The Theory of Workplace Friendship and Employee Outcomes: The Role of Work Ethics
Ozbek, Mehmet Ferhat
This study builds and tests the models that two types of workplace friendships (friendship with coworkers and friendship with the supervisor) may have a negative influence on employees'job insecurity and turnover intention. Further, this study assumes that the positive association between workplace friendship with a supervisor and job performance is stronger for employees having a low work ethic than for those with a high work ethic. This study also assumes that the negative relationship between friendship with a supervisor and organizational deviance is stronger for employees who have a low work ethic but not for those with a high work ethic. To test these hypotheses, 313 data samples have been collected from service sector employees. According to the results, two types of workplace friendships (friendship with coworkers and friendship with a supervisor) are negatively related to job insecurity and turnover intention. The results also show that friendship with a supervisor was positively associated with job performance for employees having a low work ethic but not for those with a high work ethic. Furthermore, the results show that friendship with a supervisor was negatively associated with organizational deviance for employees having a low work ethic but not for those with a high work ethic. Surprisingly, the friendship with a supervisor is positively associated with organizational deviance for employees having a high work ethic.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Type, quantity, and re-use of residues in the forest products industry in Trabzon, Turkey
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Oz, Mehmet
It is necessary to know the type and quantity of wastes to select the proper applications and waste management strategies. This study investigates the type, quantity, and utilisation methods of wastes generated by micro-sized enterprises that produce timber and furniture, which are two major sub-sectors of the forest products industry in Trabzon. A total of 885 enterprises of manufacturing timber and furniture in Trabzon were identified by reviewing the records from the professional chambers of commerce. The stratified sampling method was used to compare the sub-sectors, and the sample size was determined as 120. Among these, 70 furniture- and 50 timber-producing enterprises were interviewed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether the applications of timber and furniture enterprises are dependent on each other. In general, there are no differences in waste utilisation applications and education level between the sub-sectors. The percentage of the owners/managers that received any vocational training is 77.5% in two sub-sectors. In general, engineered wood wastes are used as fuel. The majority of the owners/managers in the timber industry believe that their waste has an economic value compared to those in the furniture sector. The total amount of wood waste generated by sectors was 528 tons in a month.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017The econometrical analysis of the relationship between urbanisation and economic growth (the case of eu countries and turkey)
Sancar, Cenap; Özkök, Canan Sancar
The aim of this study is to determine whether there is a relationship between urbanisation and economic growth in terms of 13 European Union Member countries and of Turkey as well as to determine the direction of this relationship, if it exists. In the study, GDP per capita was used as a dependant variable where population density and employment rates of industry and services sectors, which represent the urbanisation, as well as the employment rate of agriculture sector and general employment rate, which were included in our model, were used as independent variables. The annual series of the variables of the model that was created within the scope of the study for the period between 1990-2014 were analysed by panel co-integration method. According to panel causality test, there is a bilateral causality relationship between GDP and employment rates of services, industry, and agriculture sectors. Additionally, there was a unilateral causality relationship from GDP towards urban population density and towards general employment rate. Also, according to the DOLS and FMOLS results, the increases in urban population density and in the employment rate of services sector have a positive effect on GDP per capita. Findings from the study show that urbanisation and economic growth are mutually dependent processes in 13 EU member countries and in Turkey.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2017THE EFFECT OF THE STRATEGIC MANAGEMENT TOOLS ON SMES' FIRM PERFORMANCE
Bingöl, Dursun; Filizöz, Berrin; Koparan, Emrah; Okan, Tarhan; Çapkulaç, Onur; Ozsahin, M
Growing importance of notions of productivity and efficiency which generates basic focus and domain of firms the attention for strategic management have been increasing. This increasing attention is also resulting in increasing competition and changes in its formation. Markets have switched into regional or international rather than local and national. Firms need to have a strategic point of view and use strategic management tools. The above-mentioned concepts are generally used in big firms. However, small and medium-sized enterprises (SME) have an important role in countries' economies thanks to their contribution to social development and employment. In Turkey, 99% of firms are SME. Regarding the importance of SMEs in the country's economy, this study aims to reveal if owners/managers of SMEs know about strategic management tools, if they know which tools they use, levels of satisfaction with these tools and which tools they plan to use in the future. Additionally, the study seeks priorities of owners/managers when choosing a strategic management tool and effect of level of using these tools on firm performance. (c) 2017 Published by Future Academy www.FutureAcademy.org.uk
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Developing web based decision support system for evaluation occupational risks at shipyards
Cebi, Selcuk; Akyuz, Emre; Sahin, Yasin
In this study, a web based decision support system (WBDSS) has been developed to provide decision aid for risk analysis on occupational health and safety at shipyards. The system has been constructed as a modular structure to make its application easy for all kind of firms. The WBDSS is rule based and its database includes safety measures and risks for each tool and machine used in shipbuilding process. In addition, probability and hazard values have been involved in the case of violated measures. The frequencies of the violations that occurred in the work environment are entered to the system by the user. Hence, the system provides a decision support about the risks related to facilities and the cautions to be taken in the workplace. The developed WBDSS has the capability of determining accident, almost accident, and threat formation factors at workplace according to the changing parameters. In this aspect, it enables one to constantly monitor, check and evaluate risk preventive measures. Then, the capabilities of the suggested decision support system have been tested with different scenarios for shipyard processes. When the developed WBDSS is applied to all workplaces, it is aimed at providing a decrease in the number of accidents which cause death, occupational illness, injury, and temporary incapability.
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2017Giffen good or giffen behavior
Ipek, Egemen
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Comparison of practices related to occupational health and safety in microscale wood-product enterprises
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet
Risk factors in the workplace vary according to the sector and scale of the business. Small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those within the scope of the wood-products manufacturing industry, are considered to be risky, and have a relatively high accident rate. Here, we focus on the timber and furniture industries, two subsectors of the wood-products industry. A total of 47 enterprises was visited and asked to participate in a formal structured questionnaire. The findings show that the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low, that lighting was often inadequate, and that these enterprises typically lacked routine organising and cleaning practices. The subsectors and the occupational health and safety practices were found to be independent, and a statistically significant relationship could only be established between the subsectors in terms of the use of dust masks and goggles. Despite the unfavourable working conditions, only one business out of 47 reported having an employee with symptoms of occupational diseases.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Waste generation and utilisation in micro-sized furniture-manufacturing enterprises in Turkey
Top, Y.
The number of small-scale businesses within most national economies is generally high, especially in developing countries. Often these businesses have a weak economic status and limited environmental awareness. The type and amount of waste produced, and the recycling methods adopted by these businesses during their operation can have negative effects on the environment. This study investigated the types of waste generated and the recycling methods adopted in micro-sized enterprises engaged in the manufacture of furniture. An assessment was also made of whether the characteristics of the enterprise had any effect on the waste recycling methods that were practised. A survey was conducted of 31 enterprises in the furniture industry in Gumushane province, Turkey, which is considered a developing economy. Surveys were undertaken via face-to-face interviews. It was found that medium-density fibreboard (MDF), and to a lesser extent, chipboard, were used in the manufacture of furniture, and two major types of waste in the form of fine dust and small fragments of board are generated during the cutting of these boards. Of the resulting composite board waste, 96.9% was used for heating homes and workplaces, where it was burnt under conditions of incomplete combustion. Enterprises were found to have adopted other methods to utilise their wastes in addition to using them as fuel. Such enterprises include those operating from a basement or first floor of a building in the cities, those continuing production throughout the year, those in need for capital and those enterprises not operating a dust-collection system.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2014The Soft Element of Strategic Human Resource Management: The Employee's Perception of Diversity Climate
Sezerel, Hakan; Tonus, H. Zumrut; Ozsahin, M
Workforce diversity imposes itself as an imperative for organizations. Hence, today's organizations distinguish the diversified workforce as a tool to leverage business opportunities. In order to acquire a competitive advantage from human resources, diversity management comes to the front for all organizations. Managing diversity successfully requires a proper diversity climate for employees in all levels of organizations. This study reports the findings of a research study on the diversity climate among employees of a hotel chain. Both the t-test and one way ANOVA tests predict the perception of employees. The results show that diversity perceptions of employees predominantly depend on managerial status. (C) 2014 The Authors. Published by Elsevier Ltd.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Structural Analysis of Forest Product Businesses in GumushaneProvince
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet; Yasar, Mehmet
In total, 95% of all business enterprises established in Turkey are micro-scale, and this figure increases to 98.6% in the forest products industry. Micro-scale enterprises are important in terms of production, employment, and overcoming economic imbalances among regions. The forest products industry, which includes three subdivisions within the manufacturing sector, occupies an important place in the overall Turkish manufacturing sector. Thus, this study examined the structural characteristics of forest product enterprises in Gumushane Province. The research involved in-person interviews with personnel at 47 enterprises. The data revealed that the sawmill division was especially important with respect to the use of local poplar logs. The sawmill and furniture divisions accounted for 28% of all enterprises and 26% of all employees in the manufacturing sector in Gumushane. We found that 57% of enterprises had difficulty in finding working capital and 55% of enterprises experienced shortages of labour. The average contribution of each forest products business to employment (2.55) was more than that of other manufacturers in Gumushane (2.27). The forest product businesses in Gumushane resemble other micro-scale enterprises located in other regions of Turkey in terms of their structural properties.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2013The link between unemployment rate and real output in Eurozone: A panel error correction approach
Dogru, Bulent; Ozsahin, M
In this paper we investigate the relationship between economic growth andunemployment in Eurozone through the implementation of Okun's Law using annual panel dataset covering the time period 2000-2012. Panel error correction and panel co-integration methods are used to test the linkage between unemployment and growth rate. We also investigate unemployment hysteresis using several non-stationary panel unit root techniques for unemployment hysteresis in all Euroregions. Findings suggest that Okun's Law is valid but coefficients are less thanOkun's coefficient for USA and other empirical studies on developed countries. Also we find that the relationship between economic growth rate and unemployment rate vary between countries.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2013Testing for causality between the foreign direct investment, current account deficit, GDP and total credit: Evidence from G7
Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem; Senturk, Mehmet; Sancar, Canan
In this study, countries were analyzed between 1990 and 2011 in order to determine whether a causal relationship exists among current account deficit, GDP, foreign direct investment, and total credits of G7. Analysis took into account the cross-sectional dependence and was applied to test the causality among the variables form the panel. Firstly, panel unit root tests were used for determining stationary of variables. As a result of the panel unit root tests, it was found that GDP and foreign direct investment have a stationary structure and that total credits and current account deficit contain unit root. In order to see whether there is a long-term relationship among the variables or not, the panel co-integration test was used. As a result of the test, it was concluded that there is a co-integration relationship among the series. The possibility of a causal relationship was analyzed among the variables using the causality test developed by Elena Ivona Dumitrescu and Christophe Hurlin (2012). Results of the analysis showed a unidirectional causal relationship from current account deficit and foreign direct investment to GDP. Bidirectional causality was found between current account deficit and total credits. Finally, a unidirectional relationship was found from foreign direct investment to current account deficit and total credits.
