Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Recreational Use of Protected Areas Found in The Eastern Black Sea Region
Fidan, Muhammed Said; Komut, Osman; Öz, Mehmet; Adanur, Hakan
Protected areas are areas where educational and recreational use of natural and cultural areas with special precaution is provided where educational activities and scientific research are carried out, genetic diversity and species are kept, cultural, traditional, symbolic natural resources are avoided and sustainable from damaging effects. Recreation is, as a definition, expressed as activities that people make with their own will in their free time in order to restore old weariness of soul and body health. In this study, the protected areas in the provinces of Artvin, Giresun, Gümüşhane, Rize and Trabzon in Eastern Black Sea Region were selected as material. It is aimed to determine and compare visitor numbers between 2010-2017 in these areas. The visitor numbers of provinces were compared using one way ANOVA. As of 2018, there are 3 protected areas in Artvin, 5 in Gümüşhane, 8 in Trabzon, 6 in Rize and 4 in Giresun as recreational use. Total protected areas within the boundaries of the regional directorate are 450,411 in 2010, 555,678 in 2011, 973,391 in 2012, 1,936,608 in 2013, 1,601,913 in 2014, 1,458,617 in 2015, 1,558,290 in 2016, and finally 1,911,429 in 2017 people visited the site. As a result, visitor numbers have increased in 2010, 2011, 2012 and 2013 and there has been no decrease in 2014 and 2015. In 2016 and 2017, the number of visitors has increased again. The largest number of visitors was registered in 2013, and the least number of visitors was registered in 2010. The most visited province was Trabzon while the least visited was in Giresun province. It can be said that as the number of visitors increases with the number of years, it is important that the number of declared protected areas increase, the protected areas become more capable of providing quality services, and the recreation needs of people increase gradually.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Type, quantity, and re-use of residues in the forest products industry in Trabzon, Turkey
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Oz, Mehmet
It is necessary to know the type and quantity of wastes to select the proper applications and waste management strategies. This study investigates the type, quantity, and utilisation methods of wastes generated by micro-sized enterprises that produce timber and furniture, which are two major sub-sectors of the forest products industry in Trabzon. A total of 885 enterprises of manufacturing timber and furniture in Trabzon were identified by reviewing the records from the professional chambers of commerce. The stratified sampling method was used to compare the sub-sectors, and the sample size was determined as 120. Among these, 70 furniture- and 50 timber-producing enterprises were interviewed. The chi-square test was used to determine whether the applications of timber and furniture enterprises are dependent on each other. In general, there are no differences in waste utilisation applications and education level between the sub-sectors. The percentage of the owners/managers that received any vocational training is 77.5% in two sub-sectors. In general, engineered wood wastes are used as fuel. The majority of the owners/managers in the timber industry believe that their waste has an economic value compared to those in the furniture sector. The total amount of wood waste generated by sectors was 528 tons in a month.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Approaches of Micro-Scale Furniture and Timber Producing Businesses towards Their Waste and Environment
Adanur, Hakan; Top, Yener; Oz, Mehmet
This study aims to demonstrate the environmental awareness and practices of micro-scale businesses operating in the furniture and timber industry, which are two sub-sectors of the forest products industry. Small and mediumsized businesses have a significant place in every country's economy for their size, production and employment. While 99.9% of the timber, furniture and paper sub-sectors constituting the forest industry are in the small and medium-sized class, 96% of them are in the micro-scale business class. Although the environmental impacts of each of these businesses are limited, they have an important influence in total. Since the late 1980s, environmental impacts of businesses have been an increasing matter of concern. As a result, there is an increasing pressure on small and medium-sized business owners and managers to improve their environmental management practices and performances. A questionnaire was applied to 120 businesses representing 885 micro-scale timber and furniture producing businesses operating in Trabzon by face to face interview in 2015. The clear majority of these businesses believe there is environmental pollution, but the number of businesses that believe their businesses less pollute the environment. In addition, some of the results of the survey are that 66% of the businesses believe that waste cannot be reduced and there is no organization collecting the waste.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017The Technological Properties of Oriental Beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) Impregnated with Boron Compounds and Natural Materials
Adanur, Hakan; Fidan, Muhammed Said; Yaşar, Şekip Şadiye
Impregnation, drying, and varnishing are performed to increase the usage life of wood material by making it resistant to chemical, physical, and biological agents. The most common wood protection procedures are chemical methods. Therefore, it is essential to develop new impregnation substances that do not harm the environment and human health but are still economically efficient. In this study, oriental beech (Fagus orientalis Lipsky) was impregnated with borax and boric acid in 1%, 3%, and 5% aqueous solutions. Quechua (Caesalpinia spinosa) was also used as a natural impregnation substance. The retention amount of the impregnated samples was examined for the oven-dried density, bending strength, elastic modulus, screw holding strength tests, compression strength parallel to the grain, and Bending strength parallel to the grain. The samples impregnated with borax had higher oven-dried density, bending strength, elasticity modulus in bending, and Bending strength parallel to the grain tests than samples treated with boric acid; however, the screw holding strength tests showed the opposite trend. The screw holding strength was higher in the impregnated samples than in controls. The bending strength, the elasticity modulus in bending, and the Bending strength parallel to the grain were lower in the control samples.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Comparison of practices related to occupational health and safety in microscale wood-product enterprises
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet
Risk factors in the workplace vary according to the sector and scale of the business. Small and medium-sized enterprises, especially those within the scope of the wood-products manufacturing industry, are considered to be risky, and have a relatively high accident rate. Here, we focus on the timber and furniture industries, two subsectors of the wood-products industry. A total of 47 enterprises was visited and asked to participate in a formal structured questionnaire. The findings show that the usage of personal protective equipment (PPE) was low, that lighting was often inadequate, and that these enterprises typically lacked routine organising and cleaning practices. The subsectors and the occupational health and safety practices were found to be independent, and a statistically significant relationship could only be established between the subsectors in terms of the use of dust masks and goggles. Despite the unfavourable working conditions, only one business out of 47 reported having an employee with symptoms of occupational diseases.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Structural Analysis of Forest Product Businesses in GümüşhaneProvince
Yaşar, Mehmet; Adanur, Hakan; Top, Yener; Oz, Mehmet
In total, 95% of all business enterprises established in Turkey are micro-scale, and this figureincreases to 98.6% in the forest products industry. Micro-scale enterprises are important in terms ofproduction, employment, and overcoming economic imbalances among regions. The forest productsindustry, which includes three subdivisions within the manufacturing sector, occupies an important placein the overall Turkish manufacturing sector. Thus, this study examined the structural characteristics offorest product enterprises in Gümüşhane Province. The research involved in-person interviews withpersonnel at 47 enterprises. The data revealed that the sawmill division was especially important withrespect to the use of local poplar logs. The sawmill and furniture divisions accounted for 28% of allenterprises and 26% of all employees in the manufacturing sector in Gümüşhane. We found that 57% ofenterprises had difficulty in finding working capital and 55% of enterprises experienced shortages oflabour. The average contribution of each forest products business to employment (2.55) was more thanthat of other manufacturers in Gümüşhane (2.27). The forest product businesses in Gümüşhane resembleother micro-scale enterprises located in other regions of Turkey in terms of their structural properties.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Structural Analysis of Forest Product Businesses in GumushaneProvince
Top, Yener; Adanur, Hakan; Öz, Mehmet; Yasar, Mehmet
In total, 95% of all business enterprises established in Turkey are micro-scale, and this figure increases to 98.6% in the forest products industry. Micro-scale enterprises are important in terms of production, employment, and overcoming economic imbalances among regions. The forest products industry, which includes three subdivisions within the manufacturing sector, occupies an important place in the overall Turkish manufacturing sector. Thus, this study examined the structural characteristics of forest product enterprises in Gumushane Province. The research involved in-person interviews with personnel at 47 enterprises. The data revealed that the sawmill division was especially important with respect to the use of local poplar logs. The sawmill and furniture divisions accounted for 28% of all enterprises and 26% of all employees in the manufacturing sector in Gumushane. We found that 57% of enterprises had difficulty in finding working capital and 55% of enterprises experienced shortages of labour. The average contribution of each forest products business to employment (2.55) was more than that of other manufacturers in Gumushane (2.27). The forest product businesses in Gumushane resemble other micro-scale enterprises located in other regions of Turkey in terms of their structural properties.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Gümüşhane Yöresinde Yetişen Bazı Önemli Odun Dışı Orman Ürünleri ve Kullanım Miktarları
Adanur, Hakan; Fidan, M. Said; Öz, Ayşe; Turan, Bülent
Türkiye bitki tür çeşitliliği, yaban hayatı kaynakları ve endemik türler bakımından zengin kaynaklara sahiptir. Türkiye'nin sahip olduğu zengin biyolojik kaynaklarının önemli bir bölümünü ormanlar barındırmaktadır. Ormanlardan elde edilen odun hammaddesi son zamanlara kadar ormancılığın temel amacı olarak vurgulanmıştır. Ülkemizin 21,5 milyon hektar ile yüzölçümünün % 27,6'sını teşkil eden ormanlarımızın sahip olduğu biyolojik çeşitliliğinin büyük kısmını orman tali ürünü olarak bilinen odun dışı orman ürünleri (ODOÜ) oluşturmaktadır. Son yıllarda odun dışı orman ürünlerine yönelik bilinçlenme ve talep gittikçe artmaktadır. Bu artışta, yerel ve ulusal ekonomiler açısından odun dışı orman ürünlerinin önemli bir gelir ve istihdam kaynağı olarak görülmeye başlanmasının yanı sıra Dünya'da genel olarak doğal ürünlere olan talebin belirgin bir şekilde artışının da payı bulunmaktadır. Bu çalışmada, Gümüşhane ili doğal florasında bulunan ve ekonomik değeri yüksek olan bazı odun dışı orman ürünlerinin (ODOÜ) tespiti, yayılış bölgeleri, kullanım miktarları, literatür taramaları ve inceleme gezileri yapılarak belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yapılan çalışma ile Gümüşhane ili ve çevresinde yayılış gösteren 38 adet ve bölgede kullanılan 23 adet bitki taksonu tespit edilmiştir.