Yazarlar
- Vural, Alaaddin(10)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(5)
- Çakir, Günay(5)
- Çakir, Gunay(4)
- Comert, Resul(3)
- Kadiogullari, Ali Ihsan(3)
- Komut, Osman(3)
- Sivrikaya, Fatih(3)
- Çakır, Günay(3)
- Üzülmez, Mehmet(3)
- Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat(3)
- Artan, Seyfettin(2)
- Avdan, Ugur(2)
- Baskent, Emin Zeki(2)
- Batan, Nevzat(2)
- Bingöl, Ozkan(2)
- Cakir, Mehmet Ali(2)
- Ertuğrul, Murat Han(2)
- Güvendı, Engın(2)
- Hatipoglu, Ilter Kutlu(2)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(2)
- Işık, Fatih(2)
- Kahyaoğlu, Nuray(2)
- Keles, Sedat(2)
- Müderrisoğlu, Haldun(2)
- Recepoğlu, Mürşit(2)
- Reis, Hatice Catal(2)
- Uzun, Ali(2)
- Özdemir, Mehmet(2)
- Acar, Hayrettin(1)
- Adali, Zafer(1)
- Ahmad Khan, Khatib(1)
- Akay, Abdullah Emin(1)
- Akbulut, Zeynep(1)
- Aksoy, Necmi(1)
- Aksu, Gül Aslı(1)
- Alatas, Mevlut(1)
- Alataş, Mevlüt(1)
- Algan, Irmak Yay(1)
- Aliyazicioglu, Kubra(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021A Contribution to the Biogeography of Ablepharus anatolicus and A. budaki (Squamata: Scincidae) Using Ecological Niche Modeling in Turkey
Kurnaz, Muammer; Yousefkhani, Seyyed Saeed Hosseinian
The Anatolian Peninsula is very richly biodiverse in terms of its location and with new studies, this wealth has gradually increased as new taxa of Anatolian origin are added to the literature. Ablepharusbudaki and A. anatolicus, formerly considered to be subspecies of A. kitaibelli and A. budakirespectively, are spread throughout the southern part of Anatolia. Although recent phylogenetic andmorphological studies revealed their species status, no information was given about the relation of thespecies with each other in terms of ecological niche. In this study, our primary goal was to discoverwhether the niches of these two taxa were different from each other. Considering the analyses madewithin the scope of this study, it has been revealed that both A. anatolicus and A. budaki are differentfrom each other in terms of their ecological niche. However, since these two taxa have very smallcontact regions, an example of parapatric speciation, and their distribution areas cover almostcompletely different geographies, we can say that they have different ecological niche requirements,according to the results of this study. As a result, this study supported the findings in literature and theidea that these taxa are two different species
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021The Impact of Recreational Use on Land Cover at Uludağ National Park (Turkey)
Uzun, Serir; Çakır, Günay; Yıldız, Oktay; Aksoy, Necmi; Sargıncı, Murat; Toprak, Bülent; Müderrisoğlu, Haldun
The intense pressure resulting from population growth and urbanization along with technology has created the need for utilizing natural areas for tourism and recreational purposes and has necessitated the protection, development, and planning of natural resources for people to benefit from. Due to the importance of determining temporal changes within the framework of the protection-use balance, this study examined the changes occurring within the recreational areas of the Uludağ National Park between the years 1970 and 2010 from human use. As a result of the recreational facilities offered to visitors, an average of 550 000 people benefits annually from the area, which was designated as a national park in 1961. The study included the camping and picnic sites of Sarıalan, Çobankaya, Kirazlıyayla, and Karabelen situated within the park and the ski site of the first development zone. High-resolution satellite images and aerial photographs of the areas at different dates were employed. The temporal changes in the selected areas were analyzed by digital image processing with the help of the geographic information system. Upon examining the impact of the recreational use changes occurring on the land cover, it was revealed that building areas had increased by 15 ha (2.57%), road areas by 21 ha (7.89%), and bare land areas by 67 ha (.53%), while the meadowland areas had decreased by 223 ha (119.37%). The forested areas had increased by 78 ha (48.93%), woodland areas by 79 ha (59.37%) and were not adversely affected, mainly due to the protection status of the park.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Cevherleşme Sahasında Gelişmiş Topraklardaki Ağır Metal Kirliliği
Çiçek, Bilal; Vural, Alaaddin
Cevherleşme sahalarında gelişmiş topraklardaki ağır metal kirliğinin araştırılması amacıyla gerçekleştirilen buçalışmada Gümüşhane, Torul ilçesi sınırları içinde bulunan Gümüştuğ köyünün hemen yakınında bulunanantimonit cevherleşme sahasında gelişmiş toprakların ağır metal içeriklerinin araştırılması amacıyla toprakörnekleri alınmış ve belli başlı ağır metallerin topraktaki konsantrasyonlarını tespit etmek amacıyla analizedilmiştir. Topraktaki kirlilik derecesi yaygın olarak kullanılan jeobirikim indeksi (Igeo) ve kirlilik indeksi (PI)parametreleri hesap edilerek incelenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar dikkate alındığında, cevherleşme sahasındakitopraklarda özellikle antimon ve bakır açısından yüksek jeobirikim ve kirlilik indeksi değerleri tespit edilmiştir.Dolayısıyla çalışma sahasında üst kabuk ortalama değerlerine göre antimon ve bakır açısından kirlilik riski/ağırzenginleşmenin olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sahadaki antimon ve bakır kirliliği/zenginleşmesinin bölgede gelişmişalterasyon ve cevherleşmeyle ilişkili olduğu düşünülmektedir. Yapılan çalışma göstermiştir ki cevherleşmesahaları, alanda herhangi bir madencilik faaliyeti yapılmamış olsa bile ağır metal kirliği riski barındıransahalardır. Dolayısıyla cevherleşme sahalarında ve/veya cevherleşme için potansiyel olan alterasyon sahalarındaağır metal kirliliği/çevresel amaçlı jeokimya çalışmaların yapılmasının önemli olduğu görülmektedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Melet Irmağı (Ordu) Orta ve Aşağı Çığırında Arazi Kullanımının Zamansal ve Mekânsal Değişimi* (2002 – 2015)
Uzun, Ali; Hatipoglu, Ilter Kutlu
Su, insan yaşamı için temel ihtiyaçlardan biridir. Dolayısıyla akarsu havzaları diğer alanlara göre daha fazla nüfuslanmıştır. Çalışma sahasını oluşturan Melet Irmağı’nın orta ve aşağı çığırı da yoğun nüfuslu alanlardan biridir. Havzada nüfusun artması arazi kullanımında da değişmelere sebep olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın amacı, 2002-2015 yılları arasında, çalışma alanında meydana gelen arazi kullanımı değişimlerini coğrafi açıdan incelemektir. Melet Irmağı yukarı çığırından Topçam Boğazı ile ayrılan araştırma sahası, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nin Orta ve Doğu bölümleri arasında yer almakta ve yaklaşık 865 km2 yüz ölçüme sahip bulunmaktadır.Bu çalışmada Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri, Uzaktan Algılama yöntemleri ve arazi incelemeleri bir arada kullanılmıştır. Arazi kullanımındaki zamansal değişim 18 Ekim 2002 tarihli Landsat 7 TM uydu görüntüsü ve 28 Eylül 2015 tarihli Landsat 8 OLI/ TIRS uydu görüntüsü ile arazi çalışmaları sırasında elde edilen veriler karşılaştırılarak belirlenmiştir. Bu amaçla United States Geological Survey’in web sitesinden çalışma alanına ait Landsat uydu görüntüleri temin edilmiştir. ENVI 5.1 programı yardımıyla uzaktan algılama analizleri yapılmış, elde edilen sonuçlar ArcGIS 10.2 programı kullanılarak haritalanmıştır.Yapılan incelemeler sonucunda, 2002-2015 yılları arasında araştırma sahasındaki ormanların 103 km2 alan kaybettiği, tarım arazilerinin ise 122,9 km2 alan kazandığı anlaşılmıştır. Nitekim saha çalışmaları sırasında ormanların ve meraların tahrip edildiği, yerlerine fındık ve kivi bahçelerinin kurulduğu gözlenmiştir. Doğal bitki örtüsüne zarar veren ve erozyonu destekleyen bu olaylar, yabani hayvanların yaşam alanlarını da sınırlamaktadır. Bu nedenle, çalışma alanının doğal bitki örtüsü, yaban hayatı varlığı ve tarımsal faaliyetleri birlikte değerlendirilmeli ve sürdürülebilir bir kullanım yöntemi geliştirilmelidir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020The Forest Management Certification Awareness and Recognition among General Directorate of Forestry Personnel
Öztürk, Atakan; Komut, Osman
This study is carried out with the aim of determining the awareness and recognition of the forest management certificate at the level of managers and employees of the General Directorate of Forestry. The scope of this research consists of the field service units of the General Directorate of Forestry. A questionnaire based on face to face interview technique was utilized as the data collection tool. In the study, 71 of all 243 forest managements located in the nation have been contacted and a survey has been applied to 146 managers and employees. In this context, a scale, in which 34 proposals are used under 5 main factors, was formed. The obtained data were analyzed in SPSS program by using non-parametric tests. The research results have shown that the FSC certification system has the highest recognition level. On the other hand, GDF managers and employees were determined to have low awareness for forest management certification. In addition, the geographical region where the forest management is situated, the certificate usage status of the management and the method utilized in the forest products sales were identified as variables with statistically significant differences (p<0.05)
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Soil erosion risk assesment with MICONA model in Melet River Basin
Uzun, Ali; Hatipoglu, Ilter Kutlu
Soil erosion is an incident that is effective in shaping the surface. However, the acceleration of ero-sion by man is a problem. Erosion problem causes agricultural lands to become infertile and disap-pear over time. This problem is even more pronounced in Turkey which has a rugged topographyand a long history of settlement. Therefore, detailed field studies are needed to determine the sizeof the problem and to solve it. In this study, the risk of erosion of the Melet River Basin was inves-tigated. The Melet River is an important river that separates the Central and Eastern Black Sea di-visions of the Black Sea Region. It emerges from the west-facing slopes of the Karagöl Mountainsand flows into the Black Sea from Ordu City Center. The catchment area of the river is 2006 km2.The basin is bounded by the water section lines passing through the Giresun Mountains from thesouth and the east and the water section lines passing through the Canik Mountains from the west.Erosion risk of the basin was investigated by using the MICONA model developed by adding heightand soil depth data to the ICONA method. While preparing the study, field observations, GIS tech-nologies were used together. The basic raster datas used in the model which NDVI (vegetation den-sity), land use, bedrock, soil depth, height and slope are compiled from field studies, satellite imagesand documents of various government organizations. According to MICONA model, 25.2% of thebasin is very high, 20.1% is high and 27.2% has moderate erosion risk. In return, 17.2% of the basinhas a low erosion risk and a very low erosion risk of 10.3%. The areas with the highest erosion riskin the area are concentrated upper course of the basin where in the west of Karagöl. In the west ofMesudiye, the topography is simplified and the risk of erosion decreases
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Effects of elevation on the aboveground biomass and carbon stock in the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky) forests of the Sinop region, Turkey
Kahyaoğlu, N.; Kara, Ö.; Güvendi, E.
In this study it was our aim to assess the amount of aboveground biomass and carbon stock of beech stands based on elevation. To achieve this, in the research area, 55 trial sites were chosen by selective sampling method depending on elevation climatic zones (400–600 m, 600–800 m, 800–1000 m). In these trial areas, 55 trees were cut down and the weights of their bark, leaves, stem and branches were determined. The carbon content of each component was calculated. The results of the study showed that, in all elevation zones, the stem wood had the highest average biomass and carbon stock values of all the tree components (for the 400–600 m, biomass was 199.19 kg and carbon stock was 95.82 kg; for the 600–800 m, biomass was 378.75 kg and carbon stock was 182.49 kg; for the 800–1000 m, biomass was 372.56 kg and carbon stock was 183.39 kg). This was followed by the branches, bark and leaves in descending order. The aboveground biomass in the single tree components of leaves, branches, stem and total biomass, all except the biomass of their bark varied with elevation in oriental beech stands, which are economically significant species in Turkey.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020OPPORTUNITIES PROVIDED BY REMOTE SENSING DATA FOR WATERSHED MANAGEMENT: EXAMPLE OF KONYA CLOSED BASIN
Yagmur, Nur; Tanik, Aysegul; Tuzcu, Aylin; Musaoglu, Nebiye; Erten, Esra; Bilgilioglu, Baha
Remote sensing data provides great opportunities in various steps of watershed management like characterization of watersheds that bear dynamic structure with large land, monitoring the physical variations within the basin, and conducting various scenario analyses to detect the response of the basin. The high resolution capacity of today’s satellite images enables the production of land use/cover data of a basin in shorter period of time. In this study, it is aimed to demonstrate various aspects of remote sensing technology to be used in watershed management studies. For that purpose, MODIS, Landsat and Sentinel satellite data with different spatial resolutions were used to monitor the surface water bodies in Konya Closed Basin (KCB) of Turkey. In addition, high spatial Worldview-3 satellite data were used to extract detailed information about Akgol Wetland located in KCB. A methodology was developed on the utilization of remote sensing technology consisting of 3 main groups; field surveys, satellite images and ancillary data. In the study, 5 different spectral indices were applied to Sentinel 2 data to determine the areas of surface water bodies. Moreover, Support Vector Machine (SVM) method was applied to Worldview-3 satellite image to classify Akgol Wetland and its vicinity. The importance of establishing watershed information system together with a database reflecting the characteristics of watersheds was underlined. Various examples were given from KCB that is known as the largest closed basin of the country with a surface area of 5.426.480 ha. The basin owns 17 water bodies out of which 2 of them are RAMSAR sites. Within the scope of the study, information obtained from optical and synthetic aperture radar (SAR) satellite images in the basin were discussed. More accurate results were achieved by Sentinel 2 than MODIS and Landsat data. In addition, detailed information about the wetland were extracted by means of Worldview-3 data and water bodies were monitored in all weather conditions via Sentinel 1 SAR data.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Comparison of tree-based classification algorithms in mapping burned forest areas; [Primerjava drevesnih algoritmov razvrščanja pri zajemu območij pogorelih gozdov]
Matci, Dilek Kucuk; Comert, Resul; Avdan, Ugur
In this study, we compared the performance of tree-based classification algorithms – Random Forest (RF), Rotation Forest (RotF), J48, The Alternating Decision Tree (ADTree), Forest by Penalising Attributes (Forest PA), Logical Analysis of Data Algorithm (LADTree) and Functional Trees (FT) – for mapping burned forest areas within the Mediterranean region in Turkey. Object-based image analysis (OBIA) was performed to pan-sharpened the Landsat 8 images. Four different burned areas, namely Kumluca, Adrasan, Anamur, and Alanya, were used as study areas. Kumluca, Anamur, and Alanya regions were used as training areas, and Adrasan region was used as the test area. Obtained results were evaluated with confusion matrix and statistically significant analysis. According to the results, FT and RotF produced more accurate results than other algorithms. Also, the results obtained with these algorithms are statistically significant.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Mistletoe (Viscum album l.) damage and its economic effects in scots pine (pinus sylvestris l.) natural regeneration and afforestation areas
Ertuğrul, M.H.; Komut, O.
This study discusses the development of mistletoe (Viscum album L.) and its economic impacts on natural afforestation and regeneration areas. In this context, a total of 16 sample areas were determined in Scots pine natural regeneration and afforestation areas with resembling habitat characteristics. The occurrence status of mistletoe in Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) individuals in these areas was determined according to stem, branch and corolla parts and morphological age determination was also conducted for the plants. Additionally, the relationship between diameter and length increase of healthy individuals, and ones affected by mistletoe were modelled with simple linear regression analysis. Besides, the tree asset values of the stands were calculated by estimating maintenance and afforestation costs at the working sites, and economic loss potential was determined through the targeted forest product revenue. Study results have revealed that natural regeneration sites are less exposed to mistletoe damage than afforestation sites. While the mistletoe exposure was found to be 27% in the study areas, it was determined that there was a potential revenue loss of 21% concerning the target economic revenue as well as additional labour and afforestation costs.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Forest Biodiversity, Carbon Sequestration, and Wood Production: Modeling Synergies and Trade-Offs for Ten Forest Landscapes Across Europe
Biber, Peter; Felton, Adam; Nieuwenhuis, Maarten; Lindbladh, Matts; Black, Kevin; Bahyl, Jan; Bingöl, Ozkan; Borges, Jose G.; Botequim, Brigite; Brukas, Vilis
Europe's forests provide vital habitat for biodiversity and essential ecosystem services whose provision must be sustained or enhanced over the coming century. However, the potential to secure or increase forest ecosystem services, while securing the habitat requirements of taxa remains unclear, especially within the context of uncertain climate and socio-economic developments. To tease out the associated trade-offs and synergies, we used 10 case study landscapes within nine countries throughout Europe. Starting with the current status of the forests in the case study landscapes, we simulated forest development 100 years into the future. Simulations were embedded in three combined climate and socio-economic frame scenarios based on global and European policies which varied in their climate change mitigation efficiency. Scenarios were translated into country specific projections of climate variables, and resultant demands for wood products. Forest management regimes were projected to vary in response to these scenarios at local scales. The specific combinations of alternative forest management practices were based on parallel research and input from local forest stakeholders. For each case study, a specific forest growth simulator was used. In general, the climate scenarios applied did not cause fundamentally different ecosystem service outputs at the case study level. Our results revealed almost no reduction in outcomes for biodiversity indicators with an increase in wood production, and in some cases synergistic results occurred when diversity was actively promoted as part of the management concept. Net carbon uptake was not strongly correlated with biodiversity, indicating that biodiversity-friendly forest management doesn't need to curtail carbon sequestration. Notably, we obtained heterogeneous results for the relation between sustainable wood production and net carbon uptake. Most scenarios resulted in a more or less reduced net carbon uptake over the long term, often due to stand age class distribution shifts. Levels of sustainable wood production varied widely during the simulation period, from significant increases (Sweden, Lithuania) to minor changes (Slovakia, Turkey) and slight decreases (Ireland, Netherlands). We place our results within the larger context of European forest policy and the challenges of simulating and contrasting forest biodiversity and the ecosystem services that societies depend on.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Odun dışı orman ürünlerine ilişkin paydaş farkındalığı: Orman köylüsü örneği
Komut, Osman
Son yıllarda Dünya genelinde odun dışı orman ürünlerine yönelik artan ilgi ve talep, bu kaynaklarınetkin ve verimli kullanımıyla birlikte sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanmasını zorunlu kılmıştır. Bu çalışma,odun dışı orman ürünleri kaynaklarının ve faydalanmanın sürdürülebilirliğinin sağlanmasında enönemli paydaşlar arasında yer alan orman köylülerinin konuya ilişkin farkındalık düzeyinindeğerlendirmesini amaç edinmiştir. Bu bağlamda, Elazığ Orman Bölge Müdürlüğü sorumluluk alanındayer alan toplam 144 orman köylüsüne yüz yüze görüşme tekniğine dayalı anket uygulaması yapılmıştır.Çalışma sonucunda, orman köylülerinin odun dışı orman ürünlerine ilişkin görüşleri arasında mesleği,orman kaynaklarından faydalanma durumu ve bu ürünleri kullanmaya başlama nedenlerideğişkenlerine göre istatistiksel düzeyde anlamlı farklılıklar bulunduğu (p<0.05) tespit edilmiştir. Diğeryandan, odun dışı orman ürünleri kullanım nedeninin genel itibariyle eskiden gelen deneyimler olduğuve katılımcıların büyük çoğunluğunun bu ürünlerden herhangi bir şekilde gelir elde etmediğianlaşılmıştır. Aynı zamanda çalışma sonuçları, söz konusu ürünlerin üretim ve kontrolünün devletdenetiminde olması gerektiği kanısının katılımcılar arasında yaygın bir görüş olduğunu ortayakoymuştur.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Determination of the Effects of Alucra Forest Planning Unit's Population Dynamics on Land Use Changes
Çakir, Gunay; Kaya, Latif Gurkan; Yücedag, Cengiz; Bayram, Sitki
Aim of study: This study is done to monitor temporal land use/land cover changes in a typical mountain watershed covering an area of 135441.0 ha in North Eastern of Turkey based on rural demographic dynamics and forest management plans belonging to the years 1987 and 2013 coupled by GIS analyses. It also investigates changes in the shape of land use class (LUC) over the period. Material and Methods: The changes occurring time wise and positional on the base of the local LUC was examined by benefiting from the forest management plans from 1987 to 2013. Moreover, the change of LUC around these areas has been examined with the 1000 m zones thrown around the settlement areas and correlated with the fast decrease of the population recent years. Demographic dynamics (increase or decrease) affect the usage of forest lands, as well. Main results: While there was an increase in the productive forest lands (pure coniferous and deciduous, and mixed forest) between 1987 and 2013. In the same periods there was a decrease in agricultural and sandy areas. The increase of patches in the productive forest lands mostly resulted from afforestation works conducted in the unproductive forest lands, and forestry maintenance activities. Another reason for this increase of forest patches is why people have immigrated to urban areas in the last years. Research Highlights: It can be said that one of the most important causes in the rise of the forest resources in the Alucra Forest Planning Units (FPU) is the time wise changes of social structure. Furthermore, the forestry activities in the study between 1987 and 2013 are also the other significant factor in this increase of forest resources.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2019Evaluation of soil geochemistry data of Canca Area (Gümüşhane, Turkey) by means of Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) and Kriging methods-preliminary findings
Vural, Alaaddin
The purpose of this study is to assess soil geochemical data of the Canca alteration area (Gümüşhane-Turkey) using statistical methods and investigate potential gold mineralizations of the area. With this purpose, 288 soil samples were collected and analyzed for gold and associated pathfinder elements. The concentrations ranged (Au and Hg: in μg/kg, others in mg/kg) between 0,68-19,20; 0,02-28,97; 2-314; 7-857; 2,1-394; 4-199,5; 0,59-49,29; 5-89; 0,04-37; 0,52-16,30; 1,25-91,9 for Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, As, Sb, Bi, Mo, Sn and Hg respectively. According to Sperman’s rho correlation coefficients, although not very strong, correlation was observed between Cu and Au; Zn and Cu; Sb and Pb and As; Mo and Pb and As and Sb; Sn and As; Sb and Mo. The threshold values of the elements were obtained by median+2 the median absolute deviation. The prediction maps of the elements were formed by using the Inverse Distance Weighting and Kriging methods. According to prediction maps; especially in the western part of the study area and also related to tectonic lines, elemental enrichments, (gold and silver) were determined. Therefore, it is suggested to give importance to the west of the area in exploration drilling, geophysics, etc. Since the element prediction maps produced by the Inverse Distance Weighting method has higher resolution in anomaly contrast, it is suggested that maps produced with this method can preferably be used to give an idea at first sight in soil geochemistry studies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019OBJECT BASED BURNED AREA MAPPING WITH RANDOM FOREST ALGORITHM
Comert, Resul; Matcı, Dilek Kucuk; Avdan, Ugur
It is very important to map the burned forest areas economically, quickly and with the high accuracy of issues such as damage assessment studies, fire risk analysis, and management of forest regeneration processes. Remote sensing methods give advantages such as fast, easy-to-use and high accuracy for burned area mapping. Recent years machine learning algorithms have become more popular in satellite image classification, due to the effective solutions for the analysis of complex datasets which have a large number of variables. In this study, the success of object based random forest algorithm was investigated for burned forest area mapping. For this purpose, Object based image analysis (OBIA) was performed using Landsat 8 image of the Adrasan and Kumluca fires which occurred in 24 – 27 June 2016. The study consisted of five steps. In the first step, the multi-resolution image segmentation was performed for obtaining image objects from Landsat 8 spectral bands. In the second step, the image object metrics such as spectral index and layer values were calculated for all image objects. In the third step, a random forest classifier model was developed. Then, the developed model applied to the test site for classification of the burned area. Finally, the obtained results evaluated with confusion matrix based on the randomly sampled points. According to the results, we obtained 0.089 commission error (CE) with 0.014 omission error (OE). An overall accuracy was obtained as 0.99. The results show that this approach is very useful to be used to determine burned forest areas.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2018Comparison of landscape metrics for three different level land cover/land use maps
Sertel, Elif; Topaloğlu, Raziye Hale; Şallı, Betül; Algan, Irmak Yay; Aksu, Gül Aslı
This research aims to investigate how different landscape metrics are affected by the enhancement of the thematic classes in land cover/land use (LC/LU) maps. For this aim, three different LC/LU maps based on three different levels of CORINE (Coordination of Information on The Environment) nomenclature were created for the selected study area using GEOBIA (Geographic Object Based Image Analysis) techniques. First, second and third level LC/LU maps of the study area have five, thirteen and twenty-seven hierarchical thematic classes, respectively. High-resolution Spot 7 images with 1.5 m spatial resolution were used as the main Earth Observation data to create LC/LU maps. Additional geospatial data from open sources (OpenStreetMap and Wikimapia) were also integrated to the classification in order to identify some of the 2nd and 3rd level LC/LU classes. Classification procedure was initially conducted for Level 3 classes in which we developed decision trees to be used in object-based classification. Afterwards, Level 3 classes were merged to create Level 2 LC/LU map and then Level 2 classes were merged to create the Level 1 LC/LU map according to CORINE nomenclature. The accuracy of Level 1, Level 2, Level 3 maps are calculated as; 93.50%, 89.00%, 85.50% respectively. At the last stage, several landscape metrics such as Number of Patch (NP), Edge Density (ED), Largest Patch Index (LPI), Euclidean Nearest Neighbor Distance (ENN), Splitting Index (SPLIT) and Aggregation Index (AI) metrics and others were calculated for different level LC/LU maps and landscape metrics values were compared to analyze the impact of changing thematic details on landscape metrics. Our results show that, increasing the thematic detail allows landscape characteristics to be defined more precisely and ensure comprehensive assessment of cause and effect relationships between classes.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Relationship between the geological environment and element accumulation capacity of Helichrysum arenarium
Vural, Alaaddin
This study was carried out to determine the effect of geological environment on the biogeochemical properties of Helichrysum arenarium. Plant samples from Upper Cretaceous andesite, basalt, and their pyroclasts; Eocene andesite, basalt, and their pyroclasts; and Upper Eocene granitic rocks were collected. Roots, stems, and flowers of the plant were analyzed to determine their major and trace elements, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Na, K, Fe, Mn, U, Sr, P, La, Cr, Ba, Ti, B, W, Hg, Cs, Hf, Rb, Zr, and Ce. This study is one of the few studies in which the element content of H. arenarium is studied in detail and the element accumulation capacities are examined according to the types of rocks the plants grow. Result showed that the plants exhibited different element accumulation capacities according to the lithological environments where they grew. The element concentrations in the root, stem, and flower of the plant were predominantly high in Eocene andesite, basalt, and pyroclasts. High values were also observed in plants grown on the Upper Eocene granitic rock. Some elements were also high in plants grown in the Upper Cretaceous andesite, basalt, and pyroclasts. Therefore, the high element contents of plant are related to the element contents of the rocks where the plants grew. Furthermore, the alteration and tectonic influences on the plants are also influential.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Automatic extraction of sparse trees from high-resolution ortho-images
Bayram, Bulent; Seker, Dursun Zafer; Jamil, Akhtar; Reis, Hatice Catal; Demir, Nusret; Bozkurt, Salih; Ince, Abdulkadir; Kucuk, Turgay
Obtaining information about tree species distribution in agricultural lands is a topic of interest for various applications, such as tree inventory, forest management, agricultural land management, crop estimation, etc. This information can be derived from images obtained from modern remote sensing technology, which is the most economical way as compare to field surveys covering large geographic areas. Therefore, in this study, a new method is proposed for extraction and counting of sparse and regular distributed individual pistachio trees from agricultural areas on large scale from high-resolution digital ortho-photo maps, which were obtained using an airborne sensor (Ultracam-X). The input images were first smoothed by applying Gaussian filter to reduce the impact of noise. Normalized difference vegetation indices (NDVI) were then derived to obtain vegetation areas followed by Otsu's global thresholding algorithm to obtain candidate tree areas. Further, connected component (CC) analysis was applied to segregate each object. Morphological processing was performed to fill holes within tree objects and get smooth contours, which were obtained by using the Moore-neighbor tracing method (MNTM) for each CC, while geometrical constraints were applied to undermine possible non-tree elements from output image. To further improve the segmentation results for sparse trees, a new method was applied, called quadratic local analysis (QLA). QLA helped to segment the trees, which were missed by the Otsu method due to low contrast and resulted in improved accuracy (3-6%). The obtained results were compared with well-known support vector machine (SVM) classifier. Proposed method produced slightly better results (1-5%) than SVM for extraction of pistachio trees and obtained accuracy for QLA and SVM were 96 and 91% for region 1, while 91 and 90% for region 2 respectively.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2017Analysis of the changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in the Black Sea region of Turkey
Keleş, Sedat; Durusoy, İdris; Çakir, Günay
We used geographical information system to analyze changes in forest ecosystem functions, structure and composition in a typical department of forest management area consisting of four forest management planning units in Turkey. To assess these effects over a 25 year period we compiled data from three forest management plans that were made in 1986, 2001 and 2011. Temporal changes in forest ecosystem functions were estimated based on the three pillars of forest sustainability: economics, ecology and socio-culture. We assessed a few indicators such as land-use and forest cover, forest types, tree species, development stage, stand age classes, crown closure, growing stock and its increment, and timber biomass. The results of the case study suggested a shift in forest values away from economic values toward ecological and socio-cultural values over last two planning periods. Forest ecosystem structure improved, due mainly to increasing forest area, decreasing non-forest areas (especially in settlement and agricultural areas), forestation on forest openings, rehabilitation of degraded forests, conversion of even-aged forests to uneven-aged forests and conversion of coppice forests to high forests with greater growing stock increments. There were also favorable changes in forest management planning approaches.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Evaluation of forest management plans in conjunction with the cadastral information: The case of Agva and Beykoz, Istanbul
Cakir, Gunay; Guler, Alptug; Zengin, Hayati; Degermenci, Ahmet Salih
Determination of land ownership and boundaries is one of the most important purposes of the urban and rural land laws. There can be some boundary problems while preparing forestry area of any urban area when there is not consistency between the borders constructed by different state organizations like land cadastre, forest cadastre and forest management and planning teams. This study aims to illustrate these conflicts in forestry applications process of two different areas (Agva and Beykoz) having different characteristics. The study was carried out in Agva and Beykoz districts in the province of Istanbul and focused on the integration in the land and forest cadastral systems. The Beykoz and Agva Forest Planning Units have different characteristics in terms of population (urban and rural) and social impacts. Analyses of the data obtained from the field studies which it was utilized for the investigation of the data obtained from various base maps, were carried out using GIS software. Many inhabitants of the villages in the Agva Planning Unit had migrated from the district. Thus, in accordance with Boundary Law number of 6831 part of 2/B some parcels of villages in Agva were determined to be acting forest and were reassigned as forest land. In Beykoz, however, areas of this nature were few and the destruction of the forests was great. The spatial analysis of the study made it possible to remove discrepancies occurring in the cadastral situation by preparing forest management plans. Consequently, if land cadastre and forest cadastre units carry out work in coordination to determine the cadastral situation, a basis for forest management plans can be established and cadastral problems greatly reduced.
