Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Analyzing the impact of economic growth and FDI on sustainable development goals in China: insights from ecological footprints and load capacity factors
Güler, Ilkay; Naimoglu, Mustafa; Simsek, Orhan; Adali, Zafer; Özbek, Sefa
This study investigates the impact of economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on China's sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Life Below Water (SDG 14), and Life on Land (SDG 15). It examines ecological footprints and load capacity factors (LCFs) in cropland, fishing, forest, and grazing land using Fourier bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration analysis and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimators. The study covers the period from 1979 to 2022. Key findings reveal that while GDP and FDI often exacerbate environmental degradation, urbanization and value-added agriculture, forestry, and fishing (FAFGDP) improve sustainability in some areas. The study confirms the pollution haven hypothesis for most models, suggesting that China's legal and regulatory frameworks may inadequately mitigate FDI's adverse environmental effects. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not supported as GDP growth generally increases ecological footprints. However, trade openness and urbanization show positive influences on environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include enhancing energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy, implementing green technologies in agriculture and urban development, and revising FDI policies to incentivize environmentally friendly practices. These strategies are crucial for achieving China's sustainable development goals and mitigating the pressures of human activities on natural resources.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Does ecological footprint in ECCAS and ECOWAS converge? Empirical evidence from a panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks
Çelik, Orkun; Adali, Zafer; Bari, Bilgin
The costs due to climate change have been increasing day by day. In addition to the risk of losing our planet’s natural assets due to the increasing destructiveness of climate-related natural disasters and extreme climate events, we are also faced with grave economic risks. For this reason, researchers have recently focused on environmental issues. Nevertheless, they generally have investigated developed countries and ignored developing and least developed countries such as African countries. The United Nations (2015) report highlights that African countries should be specially investigated. Hence, the paper analyzes whether the ecological footprint in the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) converges for the period from 1961 to 2017. We employ Bahmani-Oskooee et al.’s (2014) panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks. The empirical findings demonstrate that the ecological footprint is stationary in ECCAS and ECOWAS. Stated in other words, the ecological footprint in these countries converges. Therefore, policymakers could implement similar policies to reduce the ecological footprint in these countries. This policy framework paves the way for an effective sustainable development.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Testing the Short, Medium, and Long-Term Effects of Shocks on Ecological Balance
Yilanci, Veli; Adali, Zafer; Çelik, Orkun; Bari, Bilgin
Ecological balance is an indicator of environmental degradation, which is computed as the difference between biocapacity and ecological footprint. In this study, we examine whether the effect of shocks on the ecological balance is permanent or temporary in the EU-15 countries, considering the period from 1961 to 2018. The application of unit root tests, with and without a Fourier function, indicates that the effects of shocks are temporary in only four countries. To reveal the persistence of shocks at different frequencies, that is, the short-, medium-, and long-run, we decomposed the ecological balance series by using the Discrete Wavelet Transform method. The unit root test results show that the effects of shocks are temporary in all countries in the short-run. However, the results also show that the shocks are temporary in nine countries in the medium-run and ten countries in the long-run. Thus, the implemented policies to balance ecology are not effective in the short-run but are effective in only six countries in the medium-term and in only five countries in the long-term. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering different frequencies when testing the effectiveness of empirically implemented policies. Regarding policy implications, this study suggests focusing on medium- and long-term environmental policies rather than short-term ones.
- Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2021Energy Policy Recommendations for ASEAN Countries: Empirical Evidence from the Bootstrap Panel Granger Causality Analysis
Adali, Zafer; Korkmaz, Özge; Çelik, Orkun
In social sciences, especially in the economic literature, energy has been one of the most important topics. Energy seems to be dominant on the political and economic agendas because of nearly all economic activities linked to energy. Hence, all economies have endeavored to detect and implement policies to increase their efficiency and mitigate energy’s detrimental effects on the earth. This study’s principal mission is to check the connection between economic growth, non-renewable and renewable energy consumption in ASEAN-5 countries over 1990–2014 to recommend energy-saving policies. Within this view, bootstrap panel Granger causality test is applied. The model results indicate that economic growth causes renewable energy consumption in the Philippines and economic growth induces non-renewable energy consumption in Indonesia and Malaysia. A unidirectional causality relationship operating from renewable energy consumption to economic growth is approved for Brunei Darussalam. Finally, a unidirectional causality relationship working from renewable energy consumption to Brunei Darussalam’s economic growth is confirmed.