Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Forest Biodiversity, Carbon Sequestration, and Wood Production: Modeling Synergies and Trade-Offs for Ten Forest Landscapes Across Europe
Biber, Peter; Felton, Adam; Nieuwenhuis, Maarten; Lindbladh, Matts; Black, Kevin; Bahyl, Jan; Bingöl, Ozkan; Borges, Jose G.; Botequim, Brigite; Brukas, Vilis
Europe's forests provide vital habitat for biodiversity and essential ecosystem services whose provision must be sustained or enhanced over the coming century. However, the potential to secure or increase forest ecosystem services, while securing the habitat requirements of taxa remains unclear, especially within the context of uncertain climate and socio-economic developments. To tease out the associated trade-offs and synergies, we used 10 case study landscapes within nine countries throughout Europe. Starting with the current status of the forests in the case study landscapes, we simulated forest development 100 years into the future. Simulations were embedded in three combined climate and socio-economic frame scenarios based on global and European policies which varied in their climate change mitigation efficiency. Scenarios were translated into country specific projections of climate variables, and resultant demands for wood products. Forest management regimes were projected to vary in response to these scenarios at local scales. The specific combinations of alternative forest management practices were based on parallel research and input from local forest stakeholders. For each case study, a specific forest growth simulator was used. In general, the climate scenarios applied did not cause fundamentally different ecosystem service outputs at the case study level. Our results revealed almost no reduction in outcomes for biodiversity indicators with an increase in wood production, and in some cases synergistic results occurred when diversity was actively promoted as part of the management concept. Net carbon uptake was not strongly correlated with biodiversity, indicating that biodiversity-friendly forest management doesn't need to curtail carbon sequestration. Notably, we obtained heterogeneous results for the relation between sustainable wood production and net carbon uptake. Most scenarios resulted in a more or less reduced net carbon uptake over the long term, often due to stand age class distribution shifts. Levels of sustainable wood production varied widely during the simulation period, from significant increases (Sweden, Lithuania) to minor changes (Slovakia, Turkey) and slight decreases (Ireland, Netherlands). We place our results within the larger context of European forest policy and the challenges of simulating and contrasting forest biodiversity and the ecosystem services that societies depend on.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Preparing Forest Management Plans With Spatial Simulation Model
Kadiogullari, Ali Ihsan; Keles, Sedat; Baskent, Emin Zeki; Bingöl, Ozkan
This manuscript presents a simulation-based spatial forest management planning model developed for ecosystem-based multiple use forest planning approach. The general framework of the simulation model was firstly introduced. It was then implemented in a typical forest management planning unit. Four forest management planning scenarios including nonspatial and spatial characteristics were developed. These scenarios were compared in the context of different forest performance indicators (such as allowable cut, growing stock, net carbon sequestration, age-class distribution at the end of the simulation). When compared the simulation-based forest management planning scenarios, it was found that there were no significant changes in timber production levels among scenarios. On the other hand, spatial forest management scenarios controlled forest ecosystem structure and produced more applicable forest management plans.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Spatial Forest Management Planning: Basic Concepts And Modeling Techniques
Kadiogullari, Ali Ihsan; Keles, Sedat; Baskent, Emin Zeki; Bingöl, Ozkan
Spatial Decision Support System is indispensable to develop spatial planning alternative by integrating spatial parameters into forest management plans using ecosystem based multiple use forest management planning concept (EBMUFM). Spatial forest planning provides several opportunities to decision makers to generate spatially implementable harvest schedules and perform spatial analyses as part of integrated planning. This paper presents the role and importance of spatial forest planning in forest management, and evaluates it in the context of Turkish forestry. Basic concepts related to spatial forest planning are explained. Some important intuitive decision support techniques (modeling techniques) widely used in spatial forest management planning were introduced. Further, spatial decision support systems for forest management planning developed in various countries were provided. Finally, it is concluded that spatial forest planning is extremely needed in EBMUFM.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Controlling spatial forest structure with spatial simulation in forest management planning: A case study from Turkey
Kadiogullari, Ali Ihsan; Baskent, Emin Zeki; Keles, Sedat; Bingöl, Özkan
Decision Support Systems (DSS) is widely used to develop spatially explicit forest management plans through the integration of spatial parameters. As a part of this study, a simulation-based spatial DSS, the ETÇAPSimülasyon program was developed and tested in a case study area. The system has the capability to control the spatial structure of forests based on a geodatabase. Geographical Information Systems (GIS) was used to generate the database, using spatial parameters including opening size, block size and green-up delay in addition to other attribute data such as the empirical yield table and the product assortment table. Based on the simulation technique, a spatial forest management model was developed to link strategic planning with tactical planning on a stand base and to present results with a number of performance indicators. One important component of the model determined all spatial characteristics with spatial parameters and patch descriptions. A stand growth and yield simulation model (BARSM) based on the relationship between current and optimal basal area development was also generated to project future stand characteristics and analyze the effects of various silvicultural treatments. A number of spatial forest management strategies were developed to generate spatially implementable harvest schedules and perform spatial analyses. The forest management concept was enhanced by employing a spatial simulation technique to help analyzing the ecosystem structure. Spatial characteristics for an on- The-ground forest management plan were then developed. The model was tested in Altinoluk Planning Unit (APU) using a spatial simulation technique based on various spatial parameters. The results indicated that the spatial model was able to satisfy the spatial restriction requirements of the forest management plan.