Yazarlar
- Vural, Alaaddin(10)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(5)
- Çakir, Günay(5)
- Çakir, Gunay(4)
- Comert, Resul(3)
- Kadiogullari, Ali Ihsan(3)
- Komut, Osman(3)
- Sivrikaya, Fatih(3)
- Çakır, Günay(3)
- Üzülmez, Mehmet(3)
- Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat(3)
- Artan, Seyfettin(2)
- Avdan, Ugur(2)
- Baskent, Emin Zeki(2)
- Batan, Nevzat(2)
- Bingöl, Ozkan(2)
- Cakir, Mehmet Ali(2)
- Ertuğrul, Murat Han(2)
- Güvendı, Engın(2)
- Hatipoglu, Ilter Kutlu(2)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(2)
- Işık, Fatih(2)
- Kahyaoğlu, Nuray(2)
- Keles, Sedat(2)
- Müderrisoğlu, Haldun(2)
- Recepoğlu, Mürşit(2)
- Reis, Hatice Catal(2)
- Uzun, Ali(2)
- Özdemir, Mehmet(2)
- Acar, Hayrettin(1)
- Adali, Zafer(1)
- Ahmad Khan, Khatib(1)
- Akay, Abdullah Emin(1)
- Akbulut, Zeynep(1)
- Aksoy, Necmi(1)
- Aksu, Gül Aslı(1)
- Alatas, Mevlut(1)
- Alataş, Mevlüt(1)
- Algan, Irmak Yay(1)
- Aliyazicioglu, Kubra(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026An Analysis of Forest Crimes Committed between 1997-2025 at the Trabzon Forest Regional Directorate
Güvendı, Engın; Kahyaoğlu, Nuray; Ertuğrul, Murat Han
Forests have been one of the most valuable resources for human survival and meeting needs from the beginning of life to the present day. Even the smallest intervention in forests can affect all living things. Therefore, forest crimes are an important issue that needs to be addressed in terms of the sustainable management of natural and forest resources. In this study, forest crimes, crime types, and the distribution of these crimes within the Trabzon Regional Forestry Directorate (OBM) and its affiliated Forestry Management Directorates (OİM) between 1997 and 2025 were examined. According to the research findings, a total of 15,879 crimes were committed in Trabzon OBM during the relevant period, of which 9131 were cutting, 2664 were clearing, 1464 were occupation, 1214 were possession, 755 were transportation, 337 were consumption, 112 were grazing, 115 were arson, 2 were hunting, and 1 was mining. The results show that the most common types of crime in Trabzon Forestry Directorate and its affiliated Forest Management Units are logging, clearing, and illegal occupation, while grazing, arson, mining, and hunting crimes remain at low levels. In conclusion, the types of crimes committed in forest areas within the jurisdiction of the Trabzon Regional Directorate of Forestry and its affiliated Forest Management Directorates, as well as the causes of these crimes, have been comprehensively evaluated; based on the findings, various recommendations have been developed to reduce the frequency of these crimes.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026A Land Use Analysis of Coastal Reclamation Areas in Ortahisar District, Trabzon (2000-2024)
Üzülmez, Mehmet
This study evaluates land use patterns in reclaimed coastal areas of Ortahisar district, Trabzon, from 2000 to 2024. It examines the role, functions, and environmental and structural impacts of reclamation in urban development. In mountainous cities like Trabzon, with limited flat land, sea filling is a key urban expansion strategy. The research combines literature review, satellite image analysis, and GIS mapping (ArcGIS), supported by climate, population, and topographic data from official sources. The study analyses reclaimed zones including Akyaz & imath;, Be & scedil;irli, Ganita, and De & gbreve;irmendere. InAkyaz & imath;, 39 hectares serve the & Scedil;enol G & uuml;ne & scedil;Sports Complex, and 29 hectares serve the city hospital ,which is currently under construction, alongside a mosque, fishermen's shelter, and parking. Ganita includes 17 hectares of parks and recreation and 9 hectares for transport infrastructure, reflecting a public-use planning approach. De & gbreve;irmendere hosts parks, fishermen's shelters, roads, a port, and breakwaters, with about 28 hectares unused. These areas address population growth and land scarcity, creating new urban spaces but posing environmental and engineering risks. International studies highlight issues such as ground settlement, structural instability, flood and storm vulnerability, and marine ecosystem damage in reclaimed lands. While valuable for infrastructure and public services, reclamation should be managed beyond spatial growth. The study stresses how multifunctional, public-focused, strategic planning shaped these areas. However, comprehensive interdisciplinary approaches are needed for ground safety, sustainability, and ecosystem protection. Future planning must mandate geotechnical surveys and environmental impact assessments. Reclamation should align with natural processes, not just physical expansion. Public participation and integrating local needs are crucial. Transport and access plans should balance coastal access and sustainability. Ortahisar's reclamations offer short-term urban solutions, but long-term risk reduction requires integrated sustainable planning.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Severity-Based Mapping of Land-Subsidence Hazard Zones and Critical Hotspots Using SBAS-InSAR and Spatial Statistics: The Konya Metropolitan Area, Turkey
Yalvac, Sefa; Bjelotomić Oršulić, Olga
Land subsidence induced by excessive groundwater withdrawal has become one of the most significant geohazards affecting the Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. Although previous studies have successfully monitored ground deformation using geodetic and remote sensing techniques, limited attention has been devoted to transforming deformation measurements into quantitative, spatially classified hazard information. This study presents a severity-based framework for delineating land-subsidence hazard zones and critical hotspots in the Konya metropolitan area by integrating SBAS-InSAR observations and spatial statistical analyses. A total of 82 Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions (41 ascending and 41 descending images) acquired between January 2023 and May 2026 were processed using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique. Ascending and descending line-of-sight deformation measurements were combined to derive vertical deformation rates, which were integrated with spatial statistical indicators and a composite severity index to quantify deformation clustering and classify subsidence severity. Hazard zones and critical hotspot areas were delineated through severity-based classification and spatial connectivity analyses. The results reveal a continuous north–south-oriented subsidence deformation belt extending across the eastern Konya. Maximum vertical subsidence rates exceeded 230 mm/yr, while spatial statistical analyses confirmed strongly clustered and statistically significant deformation patterns. Severity-based hazard zonation identified four hazard classes and a continuous high-hazard corridor. Clustering analysis further identified a dominant hotspot belt covering approximately 160 km2, with mean subsidence rates of approximately 142 mm/yr. A sensitivity analysis of the composite severity index weighting scheme, the spatial statistical neighborhood distance, the DBSCAN clustering parameters, and the number of Jenks severity classes confirmed that the resulting hazard zones and critical hotspot belt are robust to reasonable parameter variations. The findings demonstrate that land subsidence in Konya is organized as a spatially continuous regional-scale deformation system rather than a collection of isolated subsidence centers. The proposed framework transforms InSAR-derived deformation measurements into quantitative, decision-support hazard information and provides a transferable methodology for land-subsidence hazard assessment in groundwater-stressed urban environments.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Multi-scale greening dynamics in Türkiye’s Ecoregions (2001–2024): the effects of elevation and land cover on NDVI change tendencies
Işık, Fatih; Eraslan, Selim
Understanding vegetation dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems is critical under the pressures of global climate change and anthropogenic activities. This study analyzes vegetation dynamics from 2001 to 2024 in Türkiye’s 13 biodiverse terrestrial ecoregions using a multi-scale approach, focusing not only on the main drivers, but also on the interactive and context-specific role of these factors. Using the Google Earth Engine (GEE) platform and MODIS Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) data, integrated through a structured multi-scale framework, we applied statistical methods including the Mann–Kendall test, Kruskal–Wallis test, and LOESS curves optimized with leave-one-out cross-validation (LOOCV) to objectively model non-linear dynamics. The results revealed statistically significant positive NDVI change tendencies in all 13 terrestrial ecoregions (Mann–Kendall test, p < 0.05). Forest-dominated ecoregions exhibited the strongest greening, with Sen’s slope values reaching +0.0032 NDVI year⁻1 in the Euxine–Colchic Broadleaf Forests, whereas steppe ecosystems showed more moderate increases (e.g., Central Anatolian Steppe: + 0.0019 NDVI year⁻1). Across elevation gradients, the most consistent and strongest greening occurred at mid-elevations (500–1500 m; τ ≈ 0.40–0.65), while change tendencies weakened and became more heterogeneous at higher elevations. Land-cover-based analysis further showed that natural vegetation types exhibited the strongest nationwide tendencies (“Trees”: τ = 0.71; “Shrubland”: τ = 0.66), whereas anthropogenically influenced classes displayed weaker or regionally variable responses. Beyond documenting general greening patterns, the original contribution of this study lies in introducing a structured multi-scale framework that integrates long-term MODIS NDVI time series (2001–2024) with ecoregion, elevation, and land cover contexts. This approach enables the objective identification of ecosystem-specific and scale-dependent vegetation dynamics that cannot be captured by conventional single-scale or linear trend-based analyses commonly applied in previous studies in Türkiye.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Burned area detection using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features and analysis of ensemble models with explainable AI
Günen, Mehmet Akif; Türk, Salih
Wildfires are serious environmental disasters that threaten ecosystem sustainability, reduce biodiversity, and disrupt the global carbon cycle. This study aimed to improve the accuracy and interpretability of burned area mapping in the Bodrum, Köyceğiz, and Marmaris districts of Muğla province, Türkiye, by integrating multi-sensor satellite data with ensemble machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery were processed to derive 50 optical and radar-based features, which were classified using four ensemble methods: AdaBoost.M1, Random Forest, GentleBoost, and RUSBoost. The SHapley Additive exPlanations framework was applied to quantify the contribution of each feature and guide feature selection. Results indicated that Sentinel-2 spectral indices, particularly NBR, NBRSWIR, and bands B12 and B8, were the most decisive variables for burned area classification, while Sentinel-1 features contributed less strongly overall but the IVH_ratio variable emerged as the most informative radar-based indicator. Among the classifiers, AdaBoost.M1 achieved the most stable and accurate performance, Random Forest showed strong sensitivity to spectral variability, GentleBoost performed effectively with reduced feature sets, and RUSBoost addressed class imbalance but showed weaker spatial continuity. Importantly, classification accuracy saturated after approximately 15 features, demonstrating that high accuracy can be achieved with fewer inputs and lower computational demand. Moreover, McNemar’s statistical test confirmed that the observed differences among classifiers were significant, highlighting GentleBoost’s clear superiority over other methods. Overall, the integration of optical and radar data with XAI provides a transparent, efficient, and replicable framework for operational burned area monitoring in Mediterranean ecosystems.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Core–Periphery Organization and Spatial Heterogeneity in Pseudopus apodus (Anguidae) Across Its Western Palearctic Range
Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat; Topal, Azra; Kurnaz, Muammer
Understanding the internal spatial structure of widely distributed species is fundamental for biogeographic theory and conservation practice, yet such structure is often masked by extent-based range metrics. We investigated the spatial organisation of Pseudopus apodus (Pallas, 1775), the largest limbless lizard of the Western Palearctic, using 3967 occurrence records spanning 1843–2025. Spatial point pattern analysis revealed a pronounced deviation from complete spatial randomness (Clark–Evans R = 0.105, p < 0.001), with strong fine-scale clustering. Kernel density estimation identified a clear core–periphery organisation: high-density core areas accounted for 30% of records but occupied only 22% of the total extent of occurrence (EOO). The discrepancy between EOO (~8.9 million km2) and area of occupancy (AOO; ~8944 km2) spanned three orders of magnitude, emphasising that only a small fraction of the species’ geographic envelope is actively occupied. Spatial heterogeneity was high (coefficient of variation ≈ 0.99), and core and peripheral occurrences were significantly segregated along both latitudinal and longitudinal gradients. The proportion of core records showed a weak positive temporal trend most plausibly attributable to sampling effort, particularly the recent expansion of citizen-science contributions, rather than to ecological processes. These findings demonstrate that P. apodus exhibits a compact spatial core embedded within a broad, sparsely occupied periphery, underscoring the limitations of EOO-based metrics in the conservation assessment of widely distributed reptiles. We emphasise that this structure is characterised using the density of occurrence records and therefore describes the observed spatial organisation of the available data rather than directly measured population density; ecological interpretations are accordingly framed as hypotheses requiring independent validation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Natural (226Ra, 232Th, 40K) and artificial (137Cs) radioactivity assessment of Kırkpavli and Hazine Cave ore deposits, Gümüşhane (Türkiye): Radiological risk and material utilization perspective
Vural, Alaaddin; Kaya, Ali
Environmental radioactivity is a critical factor for both ecological and human health risk assessment, particularly in mining regions with ongoing or historical settlement activities. This study evaluates natural and artificial radionuclide concentrations in soils from the Kırkpavli (KP) and Hazine Cave (HM) mining areas in Gümüşhane, northeastern Türkiye. Gamma spectrometry analyses were performed to measure 232Th, 226Ra, 40K, and 137Cs, and radiological risk indicators—including absorbed dose rates, annual effective dose, radium equivalent activity, hazard indices (Hex and Hin), Excess Lifetime Cancer Risk (ECLR), Activity Utilization Index (AUI), radon-related alpha index, and natural radioactivity-driven heat production (RHP)—were assessed. Results: showed spatial variability linked to lithology, with the HM site exhibiting elevated radionuclide levels in basalt-dominated units, while KP soils showed moderate values in sedimentary formations. Most radiological parameters remained below international safety limits; however, specific sampling points, particularly HM-2, exceeded thresholds, indicating potential health risks if the soils are used for local settlement, building materials, or domestic purposes. RHP analysis further identified areas of intense hydrothermal alteration correlating with higher natural radioactivity. Comparisons with international soils and rocks confirmed that the activity concentrations at both sites are comparable to or exceed global averages. These findings highlight the necessity of ongoing monitoring of naturally occurring radioactive materials (NORM) in inhabited mining regions and provide essential data for ensuring environmental safety, sustainable land and material use, and public health protection.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Land Subsidence Susceptibility Mapping in Semi-Arid Regions Using PS-InSAR and Tree-Based Ensemble Machine Learning: A Case Study From Çumra, Türkiye
Bilgilioğlu, Burhan Baha
Land subsidence is an increasing environmental hazard in semi-arid agricultural basins where intensive groundwater abstraction, compressible geological units, and expanding land-use pressures interact. This study presents a PS-InSAR and machine-learning-based framework for land subsidence susceptibility mapping in the Çumra District of the Konya Closed Basin, Türkiye. A time-series PS-InSAR analysis was conducted using 172 Sentinel-1A ascending images acquired between 2018 and 2023, and 11,718 high-confidence subsidence points were extracted as the inventory dataset. Fourteen conditioning factors representing topographic, hydrogeological, lithological, environmental, and anthropogenic controls were integrated with eight tree-based ensemble models optimized using Optuna. Random Forest achieved the highest overall performance, with an accuracy of 0.9745, precision of 0.9562, recall of 0.9945, F1 score of 0.9750, and Cohen's Kappa of 0.9490, followed by Extremely Randomized Trees and XGBoost. Class-specific validation also confirmed the reliability of Random Forest in delineating the Very High Susceptibility class. Variable importance analysis identified land use, proximity to settlements, well density, and groundwater level change as the dominant predictors, emphasizing the role of groundwater-related anthropogenic pressure in subsidence development. The resulting susceptibility maps provide a spatial decision-support basis for groundwater management, land use planning, and subsidence risk mitigation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Do environmental taxes improve environmental sustainability beyond net-zero emissions? Evidence from ecological footprint subcomponents in the EU
Recepoğlu, Mürşit; Cay Cakir, Sümeyra; Cakir, Mehmet Ali; Artan, Seyfettin; Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Keşap, Doğan
Environmental degradation has manifested in various forms, including air and water pollution. Therefore, the impacts of environmental policies should be evaluated across all dimensions of environmental degradation. The European Union has targeted to stop CO2 emissions by 2050. Accordingly, the literature has predominantly focused on the relationship between environmental taxation and CO₂ emissions. Even if the net-zero emissions target is achieved, this does not necessarily ensure the elimination of overall environmental degradation. This study investigates the impact of environmental taxation on environmental degradation in the European Union over the period 1995–2021 using the Driscoll-Kraay (1998) estimator. The study focuses on the impact of environmental tax on ecological footprint and its subcomponents. The findings show that the ecological footprint and its subcomponents, except for built-up land and forest product footprints, can be mitigated by current environmental tax policies. However, in order to achieve net-zero environmental degradation, the European Union must reduce pressures arising from built-up land and forest product footprints. In addition to the Driscoll-Kraay (1998) estimator, the Feasible Generalized Least Squares (FGLS) estimator is employed as a robustness check, and the results remain broadly consistent across both methods. Moreover, Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) causality test states that strong and bidirectional causal relationships between environmental tax and ecological footprint components. This overall result confirms the existence of a green dividend within the double dividend hypothesis. It is suggested that renewable energy plants should be constructed in areas where built-up land and forest products footprint are not affected. For example, floating solar panels do not use land and also protect water bodies from evaporation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Long-term decline of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in mosses and lichens from the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye
Çevik, Ugur; Çelik, Necati; Uzun, Kubra K.; Çelik, Ahmet; Koz, Bahadir; Özen, Songul A.; Yesilkanat, Cafer M.; Hacisalihoglu, Aylin; Özkalayci, Fatih; Kaya, Selim
This study presents the third consecutive assessment of 13 Cs activity concentrations in the same 50 moss (7 species) and lichen (2 species) sampling points in Ordu province, T & uuml;rkiye, one of the most heavily contaminated areas following the Chernobyl accident. Samples were collected from exactly the same locations used in the 1997 and 2007 studies and analyzed by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. In 2025, detectable 13 Cs was found in 14 of 30 moss sites (47%) and 3 of 20 lichen sites (15%). For samples below the minimum detectable activity (MDA), a value of MDA/2 (0.93 Bq kg-1) was substituted for lichens, while moss samples below the MDA were excluded from regression. The ecological half-life (Teco) for the 2007-2025 period was 4.38 +/- 1.05 years for mosses and 4.18 +/- 0.61 years for lichens. For mosses, this is nearly identical to the 1997-2007 mean (4.4 years), while for lichens it decreased from 5.6 to 4.18 years, suggesting a slight acceleration in environmental removal. All Teco values remain far shorter than the physical half-life of 13 Cs (30 years), confirming that environmental removal processes dominate over radioactive decay. Residual 13 Cs is concentrated in higher-altitude areas, reflecting the original deposition pattern and slower removal in cooler, more humid microenvironments. Nearly 39 years after the accident, the radiological risk posed by residual trace levels is negligible. This 28-year dataset provides one of the longest continuous records of 13 Cs in epiphytic bioindicators and serves as a valuable baseline for future contamination events.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Karadeniz’in Kıyı Kesimindeki Arazi Kullanımının/Örtüsünün Zamansal ve Mekânsal Değişimi (2000-2023): Akçaabat İlçesi Örneği
Üzülmez, Mehmet
Arazi kullanımı ve örtüsündeki değişiklikler, çevresel yönetim ve planlama açısından büyük önem taşır. Şehirleşme ve sanayileşme süreçleri, tarım arazilerini ve su kaynaklarını azaltarak çevresel kirliliği artırmaktadır. Bu değişiklikler, genellikle uzaktan algılama ve Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri (CBS) kullanılarak izlenir ve yönetimde önemli bir rol oynar. Bu çalışma, Karadeniz Bölgesi’nde Trabzon ilinin Akçaabat ilçesinde 2000-2023 yılları arasında arazi kullanımı ve örtüsü değişimlerini incelemektedir. 2000 yılında tarım arazileri %64, ormanlık alanlar %25 ve yerleşim alanları %11 oranındayken, 2013 yılı itibarıyla tarım arazileri %65, yerleşim alanları %18 ve ormanlık alanlar %17 oranındaydı. Bu dönemde yerleşim alanlarının %67,5 oranında artması ve ormanlık alanların %8 azalması gözlemlenmiştir. 2023 yılına gelindiğinde, tarım arazilerinin %52, yerleşim alanlarının %31 ve ormanlık alanların %17 oranında olduğu görülmüştür. Tarım arazilerindeki azalma ve yerleşim alanlarındaki büyük artış dikkat çekmiştir. Yerleşim alanlarındaki hızlı artışın bölgedeki nüfus artışıyla ilişkili olduğunu göstermektedir. Tarım arazilerinin azalması, yerleşim alanlarının genişlemesi ve ormanlık alanlardaki küçülme, bölgenin çevresel dengesini tehdit etmektedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Uydu Görüntüleri Yardımıyla Burdur Gölü'nün Su Seviyesi Değişiminin Farklı Su İndeksleriyle Analizi ve Gelecek Yıllardaki Değişiminin Tahmini
Demir, Vahdettin; Tona, Aziz Ugur; Öztaş, Ayşe; Eren, Mehmet
Çalışmanın amacı, Burdur Gölü'nün su yüzey alanı üzerindeki mekânsal değişimleri analiz etmek ve Burdur Gölü Havzası'ndaki uzun yıllık iklim kayıtlarındaki eğilimleri inceleyerek göl yüzey alanının gelecekteki durumu hakkında tahminler yapmaktır. Bu doğrultuda, çalışma alanı için Landsat 4-5 ve Landsat 8 uydu görüntüleri kullanılarak analizler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bu görüntülerin sınıflandırılması, Modifiye Normalleştirilmiş Fark Su İndeksi (mNDWI), Normalleştirilmiş Fark Su İndeksi (NDWI) ve Su İndeksi 2015 (WI2015) su indisleri kullanılarak yapılmıştır ve 1985-2021 yılları arasında her yıl için göl yüzey alanı verileri toplanmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, Burdur Gölü'nün su alanı 1985 yılı ile 2021 yılı arasında büyük oranda (81.7-92.3 km²) azalmıştır. Yapılan doğrusal regresyon analizlerine dayanarak, gölün 2070-2080 arasında kuruyacağı tahmin edilmektedir. WI2015 yöntemi, OMH (7.0554) ve GOMH (4.1711) gibi düşük hata değerleri ile 0.9923'lük yüksek korelasyon katsayısı ile en başarılı yöntem olarak değerlendirilebilir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Örümcek ormanlarının topraküstü karbon depolama miktarlarının bazı ekolojik faktörler açısından değerlendirilmesi (Gümüşhane-Kürtün)
Güvendı, Engın; Kahyaoğlu, Nuray; Ertuğrul, Murat Han
Giriş ve Hedefler Ülkemizdeki farklı orman ekosistemlerinin karbon bağlama potansiyelinin belirlenmesine ve tahmin edilmesine yönelik çalışmalar incelendiğinde sadece ağaçlar üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmış olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak “Orman” deyimini sadece ağaç topluluğu olarak algılamak doğru değildir. Ormanı ağaçlarla birlikte aralarında karşılıklı etki ve ilişkiler bulunan diğer bitkiler, hayvanlar, mikroorganizma, toprak, hava, su ve iklim gibi diğer doğa faktörlerinin birlikte oluşturdukları bir sistem olarak kabul etmek gerekir. İşte bu nedenledir ki; söz konusu çalışmada, Gümüşhane-Kürtün yöresi için çok büyük öneme sahip olan Örümcek Ormanları, klimatik, edafik (toprak özellikleri), fizyografik (denizden yükseklik, bakı, eğim) ve biyotik (arazi kullanım sınıfı, bonitet) özellikler bakımından incelenerek yükselti, eğim ve bakı etmenlerine göre karbon depolama miktarlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik gerekli veriler amenajman planlarından elde edilmiştir. Topraküstü biyokütle ve buna bağlı olarak topraküstü karbonun hesaplanması için literatür verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan hesaplama ve haritalama çalışmaları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular Toplamda 30332,48 ha alanda depolanan topraküstü karbon değerleri toplamının 485249,30 ton/ha olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; en fazla topraküstü karbon, yükselti basamaklarına göre 288247,77 ton ile 1501-2000m aralığında, eğim sınıflarına göre 464121,69 ton ile pek sarp alanlarda, bakı gruplarına göre 340870,72 ton ile kuzeyli bakılarda, bonitet sınıflarına göre 332907,65 ton ile IV. bonitet sınıfında, arazi kullanım sınıflarına göre ise 477058,26 ton ile verimli orman alanlarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar Böylesine büyük bir öneme sahip olan Örümcek Tabiatı Koruma Alanı’nda yetişme ortamı koşulları ve ormanın yapısı çok iyi etüt edilmelidir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Ecological footprint components and agricultural productivity: Insights from MENA countries
Recepoğlu, Mürşit; Hayaloğlu, Pınar; Cakir, Sümeyra Cay; Artan, Seyfettin; Cakir, Mehmet Ali
The surge in the global population over the past century has highlighted the importance of agricultural production, leading to many studies to boost productivity. Unlike previous studies that primarily explore agricultural productivity growth, this study investigates how the subcomponents of the ecological footprint affect agricultural productivity in MENA countries between 1992 and 2021, identifying which types of environmental pollution have the most significant impact. Driscoll and Kraay (1998) method results show that ecological footprint has a major negative impact on agricultural productivity. Similarly, all ecological footprint components have a negative impact on agricultural productivity. The forest footprint has the highest coefficient magnitude, followed by crop land footprint, carbon footprint, fishing grounds footprint and grazing land footprint. The results have been tested for robustness using the Half-Panel Jackknife test to avoid biased results, and parallel results have been obtained. Finally, the causality between agricultural productivity and explanatory variables has been tested using Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) panel causality test. The findings suggest that policymakers may find it more effective to eliminate pollution rather than using additional resources to increase agricultural productivity. This approach allows for the reallocation of resources used in agricultural production to other areas.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Orman Ekosisteminin Su Üretim Değerinin Galyan Su Üretim Havzasında Değerlendirilmesi (Atasu Barajı)
Çakir, Günay; Sivrikaya, Fatih; Bozali, Nuri
Orman ekosistem hizmetleri; tedarik, düzenleyici, destekleyici ve kültürel hizmetleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. İnsanlar ve canlıların ekosistemden doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak elde ettiği faydalar çok çeşitlidir. Ekosistemin sunduğu düzenleyici hizmetler sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve insan yaşamı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Aynı zamanda ekosistem hizmetleri insan refahı ile yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşamın en temel taşlarından birisi de su kaynaklarıdır. Dünya yüzeyinde kullanılabilir suyun çok az olması ve su kaynaklarının insanlara sunduğu hizmetlerin artması bu önemi daha da artırmıştır. Su döngüsünün faydalı bir biçimde kullanılması için evapotranspirasyon süreçlerinin de belirlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Faydalı suyun depolanmasında barajlar inşa edilmektedir. Baraj havzaları içerisinde mevcut arazi örtüsünün korunması ya da geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bazı ülkelerdeki içme suyu havzalarındaki ormancılık çalışmaları ile ekosistem hizmetleri arasındaki ilişkiler ele alınarak Trabzon ilinin içme suyu ihtiyacının yaklaşık %70’ini sağlayan Galyan (Atasu Baraj) havzasındaki orman ekosisteminin sürekliliği açısından değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Orman ekosistemi ile su üretiminin karşılıklı etkileşimlerine değinilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Potential geographic distribution and habitat utilization of Lacerta viridis (Squamata: Lacertidae) in northern Türkiye
Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat; Kurnaz, Muammer
The genus Lacerta, particularly the green lizard (Lacerta viridis), is a significant lizard group in the Western Palearctic. This study aims to predict its geographic range in Northern Türkiye and identify key habitat types based on the CORINE Land Cover classification. Occurrence records, gathered from published sources and on-site investigations, were analyzed using a 30 arc-second resolution layer and bioclimatic parameters from WorldClim v.2.1. The distribution was modeled in kuenm, and habitat use was assessed with generalized linear models. Results show that the green lizard’s occurrence is strongly influenced by precipitation dynamics and it prefers areas with little to no shade. These findings highlight the importance of precipitation in determining the species’ distribution and suggest further research on local dynamics for effective conservation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Promoting sustainability in developing Countries: A Machine Learning-based approach to understanding the relationship between green investment and environmental degradation
Ahmad Khan, Khatib; Khalid Anser, Muhammad; Pala, Fahrettin; Barut, Abdulkadir; Wasif Zafar, Muhammad
The main objective of this study is to examine the impact of green investment on environmental degradation in developing countries using machine learning-based estimation combined with robustness tests of static and dynamic panel data modeling techniques. The scope of this study covers 30 developing countries for 2009–2019. This study introduces a new index of environmental degradation that uses the entropy method and includes green gas emissions and deforestation. The study addresses trade openness, the quadratic shape of economic growth, and urbanization in the context of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis (EKC) and the Ecological Modernization Theory (EMT), in addition to green investment. This study considers the kernel-based regularized least squares (KRLS) approach, the static panel technique Driscoll & Kraay standards error method, and a dynamic panel technique system generalized moment techniques. The empirical findings from the machine learning method show that green investment significantly reduces environmental degradation with a higher coefficient resulting from the static fixed effect estimation. The study also reveals that the main hypotheses, such as EKC and EMT, are confirmed by all estimation techniques. Based on the results, the study recommends that policymakers take pragmatic steps toward green investments and increase the financing of green energy initiatives to combat environmental degradation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Significance of Model Forest Stakeholders in the Management of Sustainable Forest Resources: The Case of Yalova Model Forest, Turkey
Bekiroğlu, Sultan; Özdemir, Mehmet; Özyürek, Ercan; Çakır, Günay
Success of model forests, which are organized to support sustainable management of forests in collaboration with environmental, social, and economic forces on forest-based large territories, depends on the development of civil society index dimensions defined as “stakeholder participation,” “organizational structure,” “environment,” “values,” and “impact.” In this study, which was carried out within the scope of Yalova Model Forest, situation analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was used as a method. Literature and official documents, expert opinions on “stakeholder engagement,” and data obtained through a 30-question survey were used as material. In this study, “historical development,”“legal regulations,” “activities” of Yalova Model Forest and weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, threats of civil society index and strategies pertaining to them were determined. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was conducted by forming four separate focus groups for four dimensions of the Yalova Model Forest civil society index. According to the results of this study, the stakeholder participation dimension was concluded to be exceedingly inadequate. This is evidenced by advocate stakeholders’ insufficient participation rates in activities, absence of adverse stakeholders in this reconciliation platform, and the fact that 99% of dormant–indifferent stakeholders are unaware of this organization’s existence. Therefore, stakeholder participation dimension should be strengthened and the strategic plans that will be implemented should be prepared with the participation of stakeholders. Otherwise, Yalova Model Forest’s existence, as a civil society organization, will be jeopardized. However, active advocate stakeholders’ enthusiasm about resolving problems is reassuring for the future of Yalova Model Forest.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Elevation-dependent growth trends of Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm forests in the Fırtına Creek Basin (Rize/Turkey)
Işık, Fatih; Bahadır, Muhammet; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Hatipoğlu, İlter Kutlu
Changes in climatic conditions have ecological and economic consequences or impact for trees and forest stands. In this respect, it is crucial to understand the radial growth trends of trees, their ecological response across elevation gradients, and the possible impacts of climate change on the species. In this study, Picea orientalis (L.) Peterm, located in the Fırtına Creek Basin in the northern part of the Eastern Black Sea Mountains in northeastern Turkey, was investigated along different elevation gradients in the context of climate-growth response. In the study, six site chronologies along an elevation gradient from 900 m to 2050 m were developed. Dendroclimatological methods were applied to assess the elevation-dependent radial growth characteristics of trees. In total, 200 increment cores were collected from 98 living trees. The relationships between climate and tree ring growth along the elevation gradient showed a positive relationship between growth and temperature at upper elevations (1700–1900 m) and a positive relationship between growth and precipitation at middle elevations (1400–1600 m). In particular, January–April mean temperatures and May rainfall were positively correlated with tree-ring growth. At lower elevations (900–1100 m), the correlation coefficients between climate and growth are insignificant because, at these altitudes, the species have optimum ecological conditions. It was also found that mean temperatures between 0 °C and 2 °C in January–April and total precipitation between 60 and 100 mm in January–February positively affect tree growth. However, if these thresholds are exceeded, it is possible that growth may be adversely affected. This research underscores the complex interplay between climate variables and tree growth along elevation gradients, highlighting the need for adaptive management strategies in the face of changing climatic conditions.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023“Doğanın Sesi”: İslam ve ekoloji bağlamında İbrahim Tenekeci’nin şiirleri
Yazbahar, Zehra
Çevre sorunlarının yanında insan ile tabiat ilişkisine ve tabiatın sürdürülebilirliğine odaklanan ekoeleştiri, tabiat bilincinin artmasına bağlı düşünsel ve sanatsal bir platform olarak öne çıkar. Geleneksel eleştirinin sınırlarını zorlayan bu kuram hem tabiatın dengesini hem de insan ve çevresindeki ilişkiyi anlamaya ve anlatmaya çalışır. Bunu yaparken de tabiatın insanoğlunun yaşamındaki yerine dikkat çekip çevre sorunlarına farkındalık yaratmayı amaçlar. Diğer bir ifadeyle insanın çevresiyle etkileşimi üzerinde duran ekoeleştiri, çevreyi koruma adına çevre hareketlerini destekleyerek ve uygulanabilir çevre politikalarının oluşturulmasına katkıda bulunarak çevre bilinç düzeyini ve çevresel duyarlılığı arttırmayı hedef edinir. İnsan ve tabiatın birbirine bağlı olduğunu göstermek isteyen birçok sanatkâr da eserlerinde çevreyle ilgili konuları mercek altına alır. Ekolojik yıkım ve bu yıkımın sebep olduğu problemleri irdeleyen kimi sanatkârlar, edebiyatın gücünü kullanarak tabiata yönelik algıları olumlu yönde değiştirmeyi ister. İbrahim Tenekeci de artan çevresel tahribatın sonuçlarını ele alan, aynı zamanda insanın tabiatla uyumlu yaşaması gerektiğine inananlar arasındadır. Tabiatı ilahî bir kaynak olarak nitelendiren Tenekeci, edebiyat aracılığıyla tabiatın yaşamın önemli bir parçası olduğunun vurgusunu yapar. Bazı şiirlerinde çevresel meseleleri sorgulayan şair için tabiat, tefekkür sahasıdır. Bu çalışmada şiirlerini yazarken sosyal, toplumsal, kültürel, siyasal ve özellikle dinî unsurlardan beslenen Cumhuriyet Dönemi sanatkârlarından İbrahim Tenekeci’nin şiirleri ekolojik açıdan incelenerek çevre sorunları; tabiatın yaşamdaki rolü; insanın, toplumsal yapının ve kültürün tabiatla münasebeti şairin bakış açısından verilmiştir.
