Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Batan, Nevzat(10)
- Erata, Hüseyin(9)
- Karimullah, Suud Sarim(9)
- Dogan, Hulya(8)
- Duran, Celal(8)
- Öztürk, Serkan(8)
- Baltaci, Cemalettin(7)
- Dogan, Ramazan Ozgur(7)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(7)
- Ozdes, Duygu(7)
- Alataş, Mevlüt(6)
- Aydin, Aydanur(6)
- Ezer, Tülay(6)
- Ulutaşdemir, Nilgün(6)
- Uzun, Sevda(6)
- Akyürek, Suat(5)
- Anaç, Halil(5)
- Mazlum, Sümeyye Gür(5)
- Merdan, Mehmet(5)
- Ozturk, Samet(5)
- Öz, Mehmet(5)
- Aksoy, Bahar(4)
- Araz, Onur(4)
- Bekar, Fevziye(4)
- Demirağ, Hatice(4)
- Dokuz, Abdurrahman(4)
- Doğan, Onur(4)
- Doğan, Ramazan Özgür(4)
- Gergin, Ramazan Eyüp(4)
- Gücer, Mehmet Ali(4)
- Hakkıoğlu, Mümin(4)
- Izmir, Onur(4)
- Kankal, Murat(4)
- Karabudak, Filiz(4)
- Kaya, Hacer(4)
- Kızıloğlu, Şadiye Kotanlı(4)
- Mazlum, Sumeyye Gur(4)
- Merddan, Kurtuluş(4)
- Peker, Iskender(4)
- Polat, Eray(4)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Detection of virulence factor genes, antibiotic resistance genes and biofilm formation in clinical Gram-negative bacteria and first report from Türkiye of K.oxytoca carrying both bla OXA-23 and bla OXA-51 genes
Özad Düzgün, Azer; Yüksel, Gamze
The Gram-negative bacteria were isolated from various samples and antibiotic susceptibility testing were performed. The strains were screened by PCR for class 1 integron, virulence and antibiotic resistance genes. blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes positive samples were cloned into the pGEM-T vector and the plasmids were sent for DNA sequence analysis. The isolates were showed resistance to quinolone, cephalosporin, aminoglycoside, carbapenem and penicillin group antibiotics. Virulence factor genes were identified in 121 strain. The most common virulence gene was determined to be aer (29.78%), followed by sfa (28.19%), afa (27.12%), cnf (21.27%), pap (12.76%) and hly (12.76%). In addition, 34 different virulence patterns were observed. Plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes were detected 15 of67 quinolone-resistant isolates. Among carbapenem resistant strains, blaOXA-23 gene was detected in 16 and blaOXA-51 gene in 19 isolates. The strains producing OXA-23 and OXA-51 were Klebsiella oxytoca, Acinetobacter baumannii, E.coli and P.mirabilis. In this study, clinical isolate K. oxytoca carrying both blaOXA-23 and blaOXA-51 genes were identified first time from Türkiye. A high predominance (88.82%) of class 1 integron was detected. In addition, determined that 46.27% of the isolates had the ability to form biofilms. In conclusion since the limited treatment options of antibiotic-resistant Gram-negative pathogens that cause serious infections are an important problem in terms of public health it is important to investigate antibiotic resistance, virulence factor genes and biofilm formation in these pathogens.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Hydrocarbon reservoir depth identification in the eastern black sea basin: Implications from euler deconvolution and gravity tensor invariants
Doğru, Fikret; Maden, Nafiz
The Black Sea Basin (BSB) consisting of Eastern Black Sea (EBS) and Western Black Sea (WBS) basins which separated by the Mid Black Sea High (MBSH) is formed by the collision of Eurasia and Arabian-African Plates. Petroleum and gas hydrate contents of the BSB have been discussed by using different geological and geophysical research. In this study, the gravity gradient tensor and invariant data based on the Bouguer gravity anomaly of the EBS basin were evaluated to define the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Afterwards, Euler deconvolution technique is applied to the invariant to reveal the depth of subsurface bodies. Furthermore, the significant invariant anomalies are compared with known oil seepage and petroleum wells. The depth values of oil trace closest to the known Sürmene and Hopa drill holes were computed as 4809 m, and 4455 m according to the structural index values of SI = 2.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Mechanical Properties of Shotcrete Produced with Recycled Aggregates from Construction Wastes
Külekçi, G.; Çullu, M.; Yilmaz, A.O.
Abstract: This study examines the usability of concrete wastes generated from buildings demolished for various reasons in shotcrete. The strength properties of shotcrete produced from recycled aggregates (RA), cylinder specimen and plate specimen were tested. it was observed that as the ratio of RA used instead of natural aggregate increases, the strength of the cylinder specimen decreases, ultrasonic pulse velocity increases. The toughness value has increased in the concrete samples prepared by replacing the natural aggregate with 50% or more RA. It was observed that the fiber amount and load carrying capacity were proportional in fiber reinforced plates prepared using RA. As a result, it has been observed that the interaction of RA with fiber is positive and it can be used in shotcrete. It has been revealed that RA can contribute to the reduction of environmental pollution caused by construction and wreckage wastes and can be presented as an alternative to natural aggregate.
- BildiriYalnız künye2023An Efficient 1D Autoencoder-Based Approach for R-Peaks Detection in Electrocardiogram Signals
Dogan, Ramazan Ozgur; Dogan, Hulya; Kayikcioglu, Temel
Electrocardiogram (ECG) signal which is composition of multiple segments such as P-wave, QRS complex and T-wave plays a crucial role in evaluating human heart cardiac diagnosis. For an analysis of cardiac diagnosis, it is required that clinicians scan the ECG signal for R-peaks (the highest peak of the QRS complex) detection, which relies on their expertise and takes enormous time. In order to provide more realistic treatment of cardiovascular diseases in the ECG signal with noises and different characteristics, computer-based R-peaks detection approaches have been actively developed in the research article for many years and generally compose of two major operations; preprocessing and decision. Contrary to previous approaches which require high computational costs and complexity, appropriate initial parameters, a novel CNN based approach is presented for R-peaks detection in this paper. Both qualitative and quantitative analysis are performed in the real ECG signal taken from typical MIT-BIH arrhythmia database. In order to validate the success of the recommended approach, total 18 different R-peaks detection approaches reported in the literature are compared by utilizing performance evaluation metrics. Average values of sensitivity, positive predictivity, error rate, accuracy and f-score are computed as 99,96%, 99,95%, 0,09%, 99,90% and 99,95% respectively, which are the best values among well-established studies for R-peaks detection. It is demonstrated with qualitative and quantitative results that better performance is achieved by our suggested approach.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Geochemical characterization of late Jurassic–early Cretaceous age limestones from Gümüşhane (NE-Türkiye): identification of the source of organic matter and paleo-environment conditions
Eker, Çiğdem Saydam; Arı, Uğur Volkan
Samples from late Jurassic–early Cretaceous age limestones in five different areas in the Gümüşhane region (NE-Türkiye), were studied using TOC/Rock–Eval, and some trace elements analysis, to evaluate their organic material source, type, thermal maturity, and paleo-environment conditions. The studied carbonate rocks are characterized by 90 m thick in the Bağlarbaşı section, 420 m in the Gülaçar, 584 m in the Ünlüpınar, 375 m in the Mescitli, and 272 m in the Yuvacık. The carbonate rocks are generally represented by, from bottom to top, dolomite, oolitic, sparitic, sandy, micritic, clayey, and bituminous limestones. Average total organic carbon (TOC) values are 0.14, 0.16, 0.20, 0.12, and 0.20% in the Bağlarbaşı, Gülaçar, Ünlüpınar, Mescitli, and Yuvacık sections, respectively. Organic material in the limestones consists of Type II-III kerogen, indicating that a mixture of terrigenous higher plants–marine aquatic organisms was the main source. Average Tmax values and Tmax-based vitrinite reflectance values (Ro %) are calculated as 435 and 0.67, 444 and 0.83, 431 and 0.60, 442 and 0.79, and 437 °C and 0.70 in the Bağlarbaşı, Gülaçar, Ünlüpınar, Mescitli, and Yuvacık sections, respectively, indicating that the samples have generally reached thermal maturity. The limestones in the Gülaçar, Mescitli, and Yuvacık areas are probably well-drained rocks that were extracted and originated hydrocarbon efficiently from the limestone fractures. In general, a non-marine–sometimes marine deposition environment for the carbonates is indicated by total sulfur values. V/Ni and Sr/Ba ratios indicate a stratified water column with high–low salinity and anoxic–oxic bottom water circumstances and accordingly a transitional sedimentation environment.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Worry about Climate Change of Outdoor Recreation Participants: A Case Study in Türkiye
Aslan, Ramazan; Köçer, Musab Süleyman; Mizrak, And Sefa
Anthropogenic climate change (ACC) is considered to be one of the biggest threats to humanity in this century, with severe direct or indirect impacts on people’s lives. Such a significant threat causes serious concern, which can motivate low-level proenvironmental behavior and lead to serious health problems at high levels. Therefore, determining the level of this concern is crucial. Outdoor recreation participants, who are constantly in contact with nature, can closely witness the effects of ACC due to these interactions. Therefore, evaluating their ACC worry is essential. In this study, the aim was to determine the ACC worry levels of outdoor recreation participants. The research data were collected through an online survey from a sample reached through convenience sampling method throughout Türkiye. The data were analyzed using analysis of moment structures (AMOS) and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The relationship between independent variables and ACC concern was revealed through ordinal logistic regression. The research found that the participants had a high level of concern about ACC, with a score of 3.50. It was also determined that this level of concern was influenced by variables such as the type of outdoor recreation, the duration of participation in outdoor recreation, and exposure to the effects of ACC. Considering that ACC can motivate proenvironmental behaviors, the research suggests that outdoor recreational participants with high levels of concern about ACC should not be ignored in the adaptation process.
- BildiriYalnız künye2023Analysis Of The Performance Of The Distributed Maximum Power Point Tracking In Building Integrated Photovoltaic Systems
Basoglu, Mustafa Engin; Aiordachioaie, D.
Building-integrated/applied photovoltaic (PV) systems have been widespread recently in terms of electrical energy generation in buildings. These systems are applications with much lower power than land type large-scale systems, addressing the area/building where they are installed rather than centralized production. In this framework, maximum power point (MPP) tracking (MPPT) approaches at module level and sub-module level, balcony railing, Carport or solar tile etc. will be investigated in terms of building integrated PV systems (BIPV). Solar panels act as a building material, insulation material and energy generator in BIPV applications. In building-applied (BAPV) examples, the solar panel is mounted on the building. However, there is no difference between BIPV and BAPV in terms of electrical model. A unique method will be developed for MPPT at module level and sub-module level for such applications. Depending on the power processing strategy in the optimizer power stage, amplifier, synchronous reducer or bidirectional differential power processing topologies will be examined and the most suitable power converter for the module and sub-module level will be determined. Technically, comparisons of the performances of MPPT strategies were made in the MATLAB/Simulink program at the central, module level or sub-module level, and it was shown that the power that can be obtained from the PV module or sub-module increases with the MPPT at the module and sub-module level.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2023Saw-YOLOv5: Scale-Aware YOLOv5 for Object Detection in Aerial Images
Doruk, Abdullah Enes; Algul, Mucteba; Akyurek, Feyzullah; Alpaydm, Osman Kursat; Uslu, Fatmatulzehra
The detection of objects in aerial images is impor-tant for many real world problems related to military defense, transportation, and etc. However, this is a challenging task as a result of the presence of various scales of objects in the same image, the large variety of contexts across aerial images, various brightness levels due to image acquisition at different times of the day and so on. To address these challenges, this paper introduces Saw-YOLOv5 for object detection in aerial images. Saw-YOLOv5 is a deep network based on YOLOv5, which was proposed for object detection in natural images. Saw-YOLOv5 extends YOLOv5 with the addition of several attention modules in its design. The results of our experiments, conducted on the aerial dataset delivered by the Turkey Technology Team for the Artificial Intelligence in Transportation Competition, showed that Saw-YOLOv5 outperforms previous methods, particularly for pedestrian detection, by yielding a mean mAP of 80.23% over all objects.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Chemical Content of Volatile Oil of Primula veris subsp. columnae, Obtaining the Methanol Extracts and their Biological Activities
Karapınar, Çağrı; Öz, Mehmet
The proportions and constituents of the essential oils of flowers and leaves of Primula veris subsp. columnae were determined, and the antioxidant and the antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal) properties of their methanol extracts were investigated. Percentage ratios and main components of the Primula veris subsp. columnae plant, which grows naturally, were detected by extracting flower and leaf volatile oils. The components of the volatile oil were identified with Gas Chromatography Mass Detector-Flame Ionization Detector (GC-MS/FID). A total of 62 compounds were identified in flower volatile oil, and methyl 4methoxysalicylate (37.1%) was determined as the main compound. While defining the structure of 50 compounds in leaf essential oil, linoleic acid (40.1%) was established as the main compound. As the result of the extraction of flowers and leaves with methanol, the extractive substance was obtained as 34.5% in flowers and as 28.8% in leaves. Methanol extraction and the antioxidant properties of the Primula veris subsp. columnae plant were quite high. In the antifungal and antibacterial activity test conducted on the volatile oils and methanol extracts of flowers and leaves of the Primula veris subsp. columnae species, only flower volatile oil showed weak inhibition properties.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Mobile care app development process: using the ADDIE model to manage symptoms after breast cancer surgery (step 1)
Aydin, Aydanur; Gürsoy, Ayla; Karal, Hasan
The use of mobile applications is widespread in patient monitoring or education today. This study aims to describe the design and development process of a mobile app that supports patient self-care after breast cancer surgery. We used the ADDIE model to develop and test the mobile app. ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) is a systematic approach based on a standard instructional design model for creating training materials. The model consists of five phases, each with its own set of steps. Once the steps within each phase are completed, the model progresses to the next phase, ultimately resulting in a “usable” product. Different team collaborations were established within each phase, and support was obtained from multiple experts during the design process. Thanks to this model, the information that patients need was transformed into a technological product. This article, which explains the stages of the product design process for mobile applications, provides information that may be helpful to researchers working on similar products.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Hydrodynamic performance evaluation of screening on the physical unit operations in wastewater treatment based on experimentally validated CFD computations
Şahin, Nagehan; Şibil, Rahim
This paper introduces an evaluation of the hydrodynamic performance of the flow in the screens used on the physical unit operations in a selected full-scale wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) based on Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) simulations. The numerical study was carried out with the ANSYS Fluent, CFD software by using the three-dimensional (3 D), steady, incompressible flow based on the Reynolds-Average Navier-Stokes equations with three different turbulence modeling. The hydrodynamic behavior of the screening facility, combined with head pond-upstream channel-bar screens was evaluated under different conditions of the mass flow rate and velocity fields. Also, the numerical study was validated against the experimental study, which implemented in-situ measurements by Acoustic Doppler Velocimeter (ADV), and consistent results were obtained between the numerical and experimental study. Interestingly, while the Realizable (real) k-ε turbulence model with the relative error of 9.31% gave the best predicting results in the head pond, the renormalization group (RNG) k-ɛ turbulence model with the relative error of 9.05% gave the best predicting results in the upstream channel and through bar screens. As a result of the experimental measurements and CFD analyses carried out in the full-scale WWTP, the function of the screening facility was found to be incomplete. Moreover, a hydraulically improved new geometry was presented to operate the existing WWTP efficiently.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Microwave decontamination processing of tahini and process design considerations using a computational approach
Topcam, Huseyin; Coskun, Eda; Son, Ezgi; Kutuk, Dilay; Aytac, S. Aykut; Mert, Behic; Ozturk, Samet; Erdogdu, Ferruh
Tahini, as a low moisture food product, is linked to several outbreaks of Salmonella recently even though a high temperature roasting (of sesame seeds) through its production is involved. Therefore, a final decontamination approach might be required for safety. Considering its higher oil content and lower thermophysical properties, conventional approaches are not easy to apply while preserving the quality attributes. Therefore, microwave heating was used for decontamination purpose. For this purpose, a computational mathematical model was developed first to determine the temperature distribution of tahini during microwave heating, and microbial inactivation studies for Salmonella enteritidis (ATCC 13076) were carried out. Changes in color and peroxide values were evaluated, and the experimentally validated model was further used to design an industrial process to achieve a 5-log cycle reduction as an efficient decontamination processing. The target temperature over 80 °C within the sample was demonstrated to achieve such a process, and industrial scale process conditions were presented for 262 kg/h process capacity.
- BildiriYalnız künye2023A Hybrid CNN-LSTM Framework for Unsupervised Anomaly Detection in Water Distribution Plant
Sahin, Ali Kivanc; Cavdar, Bora; Dogan, Ramazan Ozgur; Ayas, Selen; Ozgenc, Busra; Ayas, Mustafa Sinasi
To reduce potential threats to public health and economic losses, water distribution systems, which are critical parts of industrial control systems, require accurate and effective anomaly detection. The successful incorporation of machine learning models into anomaly detection procedures has been made possible by recent developments in computer science. In this research, a hybrid CNN-LSTM framework for anomaly detection in water distribution systems is presented using Python programming language in the JupyterLab environment. The performance of the proposed CNN-LSTM network model is carefully evaluated on the publicly available WADI dataset, which contains several types of attacks for a water distribution testbed, using a statistical window-based anomaly detection approach. The experimental results show acceptable precision, recall and F1 scores of 0.8619, 0.7041, and 0.775, respectively, demonstrating the efficiency of the framework in detecting anomalies in the water distribution system.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Effect of individual characteristics, risk perception, self-efficacy and social support on willingness to relocate due to floods and landslides
Mızrak, Sefa; Turan, Melikşah
People may have to leave their home, environment, region and country because of disasters or disaster risks. Effective and efficient disaster risk reduction activities involving the community can reduce disaster risks and enable people to reside more safely and peacefully in their environment. The objective of this study was to investigate whether individual characteristics, risk perception, self-efficacy and perceived social support were correlated with the willingness to relocate due to floods and landslides. The data were collected from 947 people residing in Gümüşhane Province (Türkiye) using a survey. In the study, a total of ten models were tested with the help of ordinal logistic regression analysis. Consequently, the participants' willingness to relocate due to landslides was determined to be higher than the willingness to relocate due to floods. University students and people with chronic diseases and flood and landslide experiences had a greater willingness to relocate. Residence duration and informal social support were negatively correlated with relocation willingness. Those who believed that they could protect themselves in the event of a flood and landslide were more likely to relocate. Among risk perceptions, probability increased relocation willingness mostly due to floods, while fear increased relocation willingness mostly due to landslides. This study attempted to provide policy makers and scientists insight into disaster risk reduction and disaster risk communication related to relocation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Determination of shear behavior of magneto-rheological elastomers under harmonic loading
Mazlum, Ugur; Celik, Ilhan
Magneto-rheological (MR) materials can respond reversibly and quickly under the effect of an external magnetic field. MR materials contain micron-sized iron particles. These iron particles are typically dispersed in an elastomer or a liquid. These materials due to their properties constitute a kind of smart material in terms of engineering material. Such materials are used as isolators in various engineering applications, structures, and sound control subsystems. This study aimed to determine the mechanical properties for shear behavior of MR materials for under harmonic loading. Parameters such as matrix materials with different hardness values, powder types, magnetic field, frequency, and deformation were studied. The parameters related to the MR material itself were analyzed with the obtained data. The present study reveals that considering the sensitivity to magnetic field parameter, composite materials having the most suitable properties were produced with Shore 2 hardness value and SQ magnetic powder. It had been observed on increase about 200% at the rate of Shore A10 and A2 as a result of comparing the hardness scale. Also according to the powder rate while there was an increase on worth effect of relative MR, it is seen that the biggest increase had been in SQ powder with 199% worth. When looked some studies in literature, about comparing different hardness values such as matrix materials powder types etc. there aren’t any studies. The state of magnetic field thinks that features such as MR effect, Storage, and Loss modulus haven’t been examined yet.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Optimum tuned tandem mass dampers for suppressing seismic-induced vibrations considering soil-structure interaction
Araz, Onur; Noroozinejad Farsangi, Ehsan
In recent studies, it has been stated that tuned tandem mass dampers (TTMD) will be a practical mechanical solution to reduce the dynamic responses of structures under seismic excitations. However, since TTMD is tuned based on the dominant frequency of the superstructure, ignoring the soil-structure interaction (SSI), it may cause a notable deterioration in the control performance of the control devices. Thus, a methodology for the optimum design of TTMD positioned on the top story of a high-rise building due to near-fault pulse-like ground motions considering potential SSI effects has been investigated in this paper. Firstly, the TTMD is located on the top story of a well-known 40-story shear building, and the equations of motion for soil-structure-TTMD interaction are derived. Based on the sequential quadratic programming (SQP), the tuning parameters of TTMD are then found for different support conditions in the frequency domain. The efficiency of SQP is also compared with two meta-heuristic algorithms (i.e., simulated annealing and pattern search algorithms). The effectiveness of optimum TTMD is tested using 30 near-fault pulse-like ground motions using time-domain analyses. Numerical results showed that the optimum TTMD is more effective in suppressing the maximum displacement and inter-story drift of the building, considering SSI. It is also found that the frequency content of the earthquake, as well as the pulse period of the earthquake and soil type, has a significant effect on the control performance of the TTMD.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Tor topography in Giresun mountains, Türkiye
Uzun, Ali; Aylar, Faruk; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Alemdağ, Selçuk
Tors are mound-like rock landforms, resistant to erosion, that may sometimes reach the size of several storeys of house by volume. They may develop in different climate regions and different rock types, led by granitic rocks. In this study, tors developed in granitic rocks around Yaylalı village linked to Kürtün county in Gümüşhane were investigated. The study area is located in the eastern part of the Giresun mountain range in northeastern Turkey, 2000–2300 m above sea level. The aim of the study is to determine the natural environmental characteristics in tor formation and to reveal the effect of bedrock on tor formation. During field studies, 18 tors were selected by noting location, size and structural features, and dimensions were measured. Thin sections were first made from the rock samples taken from the tors and then the mineralogical composition was investigated by modal analysis method. As a result of this analysis, it was determined that the bedrock forming the tors is granite. During the field observations, it was determined that the intersecting vertical joints supported the formation of castle-like tors, while the horizontal joints supported the formation of pita pile-shaped tors. There are also pseudokarstic shapes resembling kamenitza and karst pavement. In conclusion, joint sets causing local resistance differences directed the formation of tors, while excess slope affected surface erosion and suitability of climate conditions-controlled weathering rate.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Design and implementation of a real-time demonstration setup for dynamic highway tunnel lighting control research studies
Çakmak, Recep; Dündar, Ayhan
This study presents the design and implementation of a computer-based real-time demonstration setup for dynamic highway tunnel lighting control research studies. The energy-efficient and controllable lighting systems stand out worldwide because of energy efficiency objectives and carbon footprint reduction goals of the countries. An LED (Light Emitting Diode) armature-based highway lighting systems are frequently utilized in recent years due to lighting efficiency, energy efficiency, long life, environmentally and cost-friendly structure of the LEDs as well as zero ultraviolet emissions of them. In this study, the LED-based dynamic tunnel lighting control approach has been implemented through the proposed demonstration setup which is a typical real-time software-controlled hardware. The parts of the proposed demonstration setup have been introduced and detailed to help with some upgrade studies in the future. The demonstration setup has been tested in some case studies, then the obtained results have been discussed and introduced. In the future, the proposed system can be upgraded and utilized for advanced control studies thanks to its computer-based and simulation environment connection capability.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2023Comparison of online and face-to-face exams conducted in Physics I course in higher education
Ural, Mustafa Nuri; Takaoğlu, Zeynep Başkan
The coronavirus pandemic has affected most fields, including education, and most lessons have had to be conducted as distance education. In this study, it is aimed to compare student success in face-to-face exams with that in distance exams in the Physics I course. The sample consisted of 167 students who took a multiple-choice exam in distance education in the 2020-2021 academic year and 155 students who took the multiple-choice exam in face-to-face education in the 2019-2020 academic year. In the first phase of the study, the questions asked in both types of exams were classified according to Bloom’s taxonomy, and then descriptive and comparative statistics were used. As a result, according to Bloom’s taxonomy, the majority of the questions asked were at the application level. In the statistical analysis, it was determined that the averages of both groups were close to 45 out of 100, and there was no significant difference between the group averages as a result of the t-test. Accordingly, it has been concluded that the use of online exams during the pandemic as an alternative to face-toface exams in normal processes will not make a significant difference.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Sultan's Law and Islamic Sharia in The Ottoman Empire Court: An Analysis of The Existence of Secular Law
Fatarib, Husnul; Meirison; Saharuddin, Desmadi; Bahar, Muchlis; Karimullah, Suud Sarim
This article aims to describe the impact of legal dualism within the Ottoman Empire. After Constantinople was taken over, Sultan Muhammad Al-Fatih instituted a significant policy, including issuing laws and regulations for the benefit of society; then, there was also a dualism system within the Ottoman Empire, which was visible during the reign of Sultan Sulaiman I. During this time, foreign nationals were mainly recruited, and foreign traders began to gain impunity at the peak of power. This then prompted several questions, such as were the sultans free to create the laws they wanted, or was Islamic law still binding on them? Was Sultan's law an innovation from the Ottoman Empire or a legacy from the preceding dynasty in the form of Capitulation? To address those issues, the authors conducted a comparative historical analysis of various types of literature. We used a descriptive qualitative approach to Qānūn's position, which served as a springboard for foreign intervention in an Empire that was strong but weak in political policies which occasionally strayed outside the corridor of Islamic Sharia which had become customary and national culture. The tolerance separated from the corridors of Islam derailed during the crisis. This became a springboard for legal dualism in a state body with integrity in various dimensions.