Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Effects of drying methods on physicochemical properties and bioactive compounds of wild fruits native to the Gümüşhane flora of NE Türkiye
Bulut, Volkan Numan; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Gundogdu, Ali; Barlak, Esra
Wild fruits are valuable natural sources of bioactive compounds with significant nutritional and functional properties. This study comparatively evaluated the effects of freeze-drying (FD), oven drying (OD), and open-air drying (AD) on the physicochemical properties, total phenolic content (TPC), vitamin C content, and antioxidant properties of five wild fruit species naturally growing in the Gümüşhane region of Türkiye: wild pear (Pyrus elaegrifolia Pall.), hawthorn (Crataegus orientalis), rosehip (Rosa canina L.), cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.), and barberry (Berberis vulgaris). Drying method markedly affected both physicochemical characteristics and bioactive compounds. Oven drying produced the lowest water activity values (0.10–0.34), indicating enhanced microbiological stability, whereas freeze-dried samples generally showed superior preservation of phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. The highest TPC was observed in air-dried cornelian cherry (935.59 mg GAE/kg), while freeze- dried rosehip exhibited the highest TPC among freeze-dried samples (907.63 mg GAE/kg). Vitamin C was highly sensitive to thermal processing, and most oven-dried samples showed values below the detection limit (<0.30 mg/kg). In contrast, freeze-dried rosehip retained the highest vitamin C content (1594 mg/kg). Freeze-dried cornelian cherry exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging activity (93.45%), whereas oven-dried rosehip showed the highest total antioxidant content (33.38 mg/g). The relatively high antioxidant values observed in some oven-dried samples may also be partially associated with the formation of Maillard reaction products exhibiting antioxidant properties under thermal processing conditions. Correlation and hierarchical cluster analyses revealed statistically significant (p < 0.05) fruit-specific differences in antioxidant behavior and clustering patterns, indicating that the responses to drying treatments were more strongly influenced by fruit matrix composition than by drying method alone. The findings demonstrate that the effects of drying treatments are strongly fruit matrix-dependent and that no single drying method is universally optimal for preserving all quality attributes of wild fruits.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026GREEN SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. FRUITS FOR DYE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Demir, Semra; Akar, Bülent; Baltaci, Cemalettin
In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced and characterized using a green synthesis method with Robinia pseudoacacia fruits. The structural and functional properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, TEM/EDX, and FTIR analyses. The results indicated that the produced iron oxide nanoparticles had nanoscale particle sizes and exhibited a poorly crystalline (predominantly amorphous) structure according to XRD analysis. The comparative adsorption performance of the synthesized FeONPs and fruit powder in the removal of malachite green (MG), phenol red (PR) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. According to the results, the adsorption capacity followed the order MB> MG > PR. FeONPs exhibited consistently higher Qₑ values across all dye systems compared to the fruit powder. High removal efficiencies were obtained at low and moderate initial concentrations, while increasing the adsorbent dose enhanced the overall removal but resulted in a reduction in the adsorption capacity per unit mass. The obtained findings indicate that biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for eliminating environmental pollutants.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Phenolic and antioxidant assessment of the flowers, stems, leaves, and fruits of Rosa pimpinellifolia and Rosa canina at different growth time
Öz, Mehmet; Okan, Onur Tolga; Baltaci, Cemalettin
Natural plants are abundant in their native habitats and are traditionally used to treat a variety of health conditions. The Rosa genus stands out as an important species rich in bioactive compounds. This study, conducted in Türkiye, aimed to analyse the antioxidant and phenolic profiles of methanolic extracts obtained from different parts of Rosa canina (R.c.) and Rosa pimpinelifolia (R.p.) collected in 2021 and 2022. The antioxidant activity values of R.c. collected in 2021 and 2022 were found to be between 5 102.31–46 396.36 mmol Fe(II)/100 g in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 141.92–377.54 mg ascorbic acid equivalents (AA)/kg in total antioxidant capacity (TAC), 2.18–24.68 µg/g in 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl [DPPH (EC50)] and 34.31–75.77% in DPPH (% inhibition). Antioxidant activity of R.p. collected in 2021 and 2022 ranged from 17 258.44–71 903.20 mmol Fe(II)/100 g, 271.69–479.19 mg AA/kg, 1.02–8.32 µg/g and 50.98–85.57% for FRAP, TAC, DPPH (EC50) and DPPH (% inhibition), respectively. The R.p. extracts generally exhibited higher antioxidant activity than those of R.c. Considering the total identified phenolic compounds achieved from different plant parts of rosehip for both years, the highest values of total phenolic compounds were determined in R.c. leaves (222.08 mg/100 g) in 2021, and R.p. leaves (5 465.95 mg/100 g) in 2021.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Biochemical Profiles of Three Bryophytes: Sphagnum papillosum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, and Ditrichum gracile
Okan, Onur Tolga; Baltaci, Cemalettin
This study compared Sphagnum papillosum, Rhytidiadelphus triquetrus, and Ditrichum gracile in terms of total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, ferric reducing antioxidant power [FRAP]), phenolic profiles, fatty acid compositions, and mineral contents. S. papillosum had the highest TPC (986.11 mg GAE/kg) and ABTS activity (9732.14 mg Trolox/kg). R. triquetrus showed the highest TFC (874.01 mg QE/kg) and was rich in protocatechuic (18 803 mg/g) and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids (23.219 mg/g). Although D. gracile had lower antioxidant activity, it contained high lipid (6.71%) and ash (27.66%) levels, along with substantial potassium (73 573.86 mg/kg) and calcium (26 135.94 mg/kg) accumulation. Palmitic acid (C16:0) was the dominant fatty acid in all species. These results demonstrate significant biochemical variation among the studied mosses, underlining their potential as sources of natural antioxidants, bioindicators of environmental stress, and candidates for bioremediation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Impact of cooking methods on PAH formation in traditional Akçaabat meatballs
Bostan, Sinan; Gül, Abdulkadir; Karpuz, Ömer; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Yılmaz, Fırat
Akçaabat meatballs, a traditional and commercially important Turkish meat product, are widely consumed and typically prepared using high-temperature cooking methods that may promote the formation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). This study aimed to evaluate the effect of different cooking techniques, including pan cooking without added oil (dry pan cooking), electric grilling, oven baking, charcoal barbecue, and hazelnut shell charcoal barbecue, on PAH formation in Akçaabat meatballs. Samples obtained from eight different producers were analyzed for selected chemical properties and PAH contents using HPLC-FLD. While basic compositional characteristics varied among samples, the most significant differences were observed in PAH levels depending on the cooking method. The sum of four priority PAHs (∑PAH4) ranged between 7.70 and 112.38 µg/kg across all treatment s. Among the cooking methods, barbecue applications (charcoal and hazelnut shell charcoal) resulted in the highest PAH levels, frequently exceeding regulatory limits. In contrast, electric grilling produced the lowest PAH concentrations and showed the highest compliance with food safety standards. These findings demonstrate that cooking method plays a critical role in PAH formation and highlight the importance of selecting appropriate cooking techniques to minimize health risks. In this context, electric grilling can be considered a safer alternative, whereas traditional charcoal-based cooking methods may pose a significant risk in terms of PAH exposure.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Physicochemical properties of fifteen flower honey samples from five districts in Türkiye
Ucuncu, Osman; Kul, Merve Kalafat; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Aykoc, Ayse Muslu
This study analyzed the physicochemical characteristics, mineral composition, and antioxidant potential of fifteen floral honey samples collected from five districts of Gümüşhane, Türkiye. The average values for moisture (17.44 g/100 g), insoluble solids (0.04 g/100 g), conductivity (0.35 mS/cm), diastase activity (54.15 DN), free acidity (38.18 meq/kg), and fructose + glucose content (68.95 g/100 g) were mostly within the acceptable limits defined by national honey standards. Proline content ranged from 562.66 to 1466.15 mg/kg, while hydroxymethylfurfural (0.37–18.89 mg/kg) confirmed the freshness of all samples. Potassium, calcium, sodium, and magnesium were identified as the major mineral elements in the analyzed honey samples, with considerable variation observed among samples collected from different districts. Antioxidant activity (Total phenolic content (mg GAE/100 g): 9.21–98.25; SC₅₀ (mg/mL): 5.23–41.29) revealed a strong antioxidant potential of Gümüşhane honeys. This work provides the first detailed characterization of Gümüşhane honeys, confirming their high physicochemical quality, rich mineral profile, and notable antioxidant potential, and underscores their value as a distinctive regional product with functional and commercial significance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Sensory and physicochemical characteristics of mulberry leathers enriched with sesame, almond, sunflower seeds, coconut, and peanut
Küçük, Murat; Baltaci, Cemalettin; İlyasoğlu, Huri; Karpuz, Omer; Yilmaz, Firat; Kılınç, Kagan; Güler, Burak; Topkaya, Gamze
This study aimed to investigate the utilization of sesame, sunflower seed, almond, peanut, and coconut as condiments for the enrichment of mulberry leather, known locally as mulberry pestil. The investigation involved a comprehensive analysis encompassing proximate composition, mineral content, color, physicochemical, and sensory properties. The studied parameters of enriched samples were compared with those of the plain sample. Employing multivariate statistical techniques enabled the differentiation of the enriched leather samples. Consequently, the leather samples were categorized into three groups by the principal component analysis according to their physicochemical and chemical attributes. Strong positive correlations were observed among the studied parameters, as indicated by Spearman's rank correlation coefficients. The physicochemical and chemical properties of enriched samples exhibited substantial variability. The enriched products had abundant calcium, potassium, magnesium, iron, and zinc levels. These findings revealed that incorporating these condiments enhanced the nutritional values of leather samples, especially in terms of minerals. 100 g of the enriched mulberry leathers had 68.0-70.7 g of carbohydrate, 4.6-5.7 g of protein, 3.6-5.9 g of fat, and 336-359 kcal of energy value. The enriched products might be proposed to provide nutrients and energy in emergencies, especially for adolescents and people affected by disasters.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025A comprehensive assessment of the antioxidant capacity and sensory properties of wheat-based cereal breads produced in different formulations
Burnaz, Nesibe Arslan; Hendek, Muge; Baltaci, Cemalettin
In this study, it was aimed to investigate the physicochemical, sensory and antioxidant properties of some wheat-based cereal bread types that are offered for sale and frequently consumed in the markets in Turkey. Bread types were produced with the help of a home-type bread-making machine, and 100% white wheat flour bread (WB) was used as a control. Sensory evaluations were determined by using the nine-point hedonic scale method. Total phenolic contents were determined by using Folin-Ciocalteau’s method. Antioxidant capacities were determined by using ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP assays. Besides, all data were evaluated by using principal component analysis (PCA) to discriminate the properties of bread types. Whole-wheat bread showed the highest antioxidant potentials (200.00µM TEAC for ABTS, 147.50µM TEAC for DPPH, 116.94µM TEAC for FRAP) and the highest amount of phenolic content (64.30mg GAE/100gDW), but a low overall acceptability score (6.00/9.00). As a result, the addition of wheat-based cereal flours affected the antioxidant, sensory, and physical properties of the produced breads (p<0.05). Different cereal flours added to the bread formulation positively affected the antioxidant properties of all breads, but only wheat bran and oat flour addition positively affected the overall sensory acceptability of the bread types. Hereby this study, individuals will be made aware of consuming bread types enriched with different cereal flours including important micronutrients instead of WB which is so poor in micronutrients. The study also provides convenience to individuals in the production of these breads in a home-type bread-making machine. This study reveals the various data for functional properties of bread types that are consumed less than WB.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Evaluation of antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase enzyme inhibition properties of Rosa canina seed extracts prepared with different solvents using maceration and ultrasound-assisted extraction methods
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Aygül, İmdat; Kılınç, Kagan; Hafedh, Mohammed
The efficient extraction of bioactive molecules from medicinal plants is strongly related to the solvents and methods used. This study evaluated the impact of solvent selection and extraction methods on the bioactive potential of Rosa canina seed extracts, focusing on antioxidant, antimicrobial, and α-amylase inhibitory activities. Four solvents —dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ethanol-water (80:20), ethyl acetate, and acetonitrile— were paired with maceration and ultrasonic techniques to generate eight extracts (DMM, DMU, ESM, ESU, EAM, EAU, ACM, ACS). Antioxidant activity was assessed via total phenolic (TPC) and flavonoid (TFC) content, FRAP, DPPH, and ABTS assays. Antimicrobial efficacy was tested against seven microorganisms (Gram+, Gram−, and yeast) using well diffusion and MIC methods, while α-amylase inhibition was quantified via IC50. The ethyl acetate ultrasonic extract (EAU) exhibited the highest TPC (63.86 mg GAE/g) and TFC (210.23 mg QE/g), along with superior antioxidant activity across all assays (P < 0.05). Ethyl acetate maceration (EAM) ranked second, underscoring ethyl acetate’s efficacy. Acetonitrile maceration (ACM) demonstrated the strongest α-amylase inhibition (IC50 = 20.46 mg/mL). All extracts showed notable antimicrobial activity against Aeromonas hydrophila and Klebsiella pneumoniae, though efficacy varied for other strains. DMSO-based extracts (DMM/DMU) consistently underperformed. These findings highlight ethyl acetate (EAU/EAM) as optimal for antioxidant-rich extracts and ACM for enzyme inhibition, positioning Rosa canina seeds as a promising source of natural bioactive compounds for functional food and therapeutic applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Phytogenic Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Morus nigra L. Leaf as Multifunctional Agents: Antioxidant, Antidiabetic, Antimicrobial, and Anticancer Potency
Çam Derin, Dilek; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Taskin, Irmak Icen; Karpuz, Omer; Gültekin, Enes; Sever, Meryem Rüveyda
The growing need for eco-friendly nanomaterials has directed attention toward plant-based green synthesis as a sustainable approach for biomedical applications. This study reports the biosynthesis of silver (YAgNPs) and copper nanoparticles (YCuNPs) using Morus nigra L. leaf extract and evaluates their multifunctional properties. The nanoparticles were produced under alkaline aqueous conditions, and their crystalline nature and nanoscale morphology were confirmed by standard structural and elemental analyses. Both YAgNPs and YCuNPs exhibited enhanced antioxidant capacities compared to the crude extract. YAgNPs showed the highest ferric reducing antioxidant power (250.33 mg FeSO₄/g), while YCuNPs demonstrated superior DPPH radical scavenging activity (114.12 mg AAE/g). In antidiabetic assays, YAgNPs strongly inhibited α-amylase (IC₅₀ = 112.02 μg/mL) and α-glucosidase (IC₅₀ = 38.27 μg/mL), approaching the potency of acarbose. Antimicrobial analysis revealed distinct activity profiles: YAgNPs were highly effective in broth cultures with low MIC and MBC values (0.09–0.18 mg/mL against B. subtilis and E. coli), whereas YCuNPs achieved larger inhibition zones in diffusion assays. Checkerboard testing confirmed synergistic interactions between nanoparticles and antibiotics, with FICI values ≤0.5 against E. faecium, E. coli, and P. aeruginosa, highlighting their ability to enhance antibiotic efficacy. YAgNPs exhibited notable cytotoxic effects against HeLa and HCT116 cancer cell lines, with IC₅₀ values of 9.84 and 6.83 μg/mL, respectively. In contrast, YCuNPs displayed weaker anticancer activity. Overall, these findings demonstrate that M. nigra derived nanoparticles combine antioxidant, antidiabetic, antimicrobial, and anticancer activities with synergistic antibiotic-enhancing effects, underscoring their potential as sustainable, multifunctional therapeutic agents.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Sumak ekşisi üretiminde ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyonun kullanımı: Kalite parametreleri ve proses koşulları üzerindeki etkileri
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Odabaş, Halil İbrahim; Tunç, Merve Tuğçe
Bu çalışma ile ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyonun sumak şurubu üretimi üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla hem geleneksel evaporasyon hem de ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyon yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyon işleminde 20 V/cm (188 V) ve 25 V/cm (235 V) olmak üzere iki farklı voltaj gradyanı uygulanmıştır. Çalışmada, örneklerin fizikokimyasal parametreleri, HMF (5-hidroksimetilfurfural) miktarları, antioksidan özellikleri, reolojik karakteristikleri ve uygulanan metotların enerji tüketimi ile diğer proses parametreleri incelenmiştir. Ohmik ısıtma destekli ve geleneksel evaporasyon yöntemleriyle üretilen sumak şurupları arasında antioksidan özellikleri veya HMF miktarları açısından önemli bir farklılık bulunmamıştır. Ancak enerji verimliliği açısından incelendiğinde, ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyon işlemi sırasında enerji tüketiminin (20 ve 25 V/cm için sırasıyla 121,93±5,98 ve 95,00±3,08 kj), geleneksel yönteme göre (1331,00±101,82 kj) yaklaşık on bir kat daha düşük olduğu hesaplanmıştır. Elde edilen sonuçlar incelendiğinde, ohmik ısıtma destekli evaporasyon ile üretilen sumak ekşilerinin kalite özelliklerini korunurken, enerji tüketimini, CO₂ emisyonlarını ve proses parametrelerinin önemli ölçüde azaldığını göstermiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025SOME PHYSICOCHEMICAL, COLOR, COOKING, BIOACTIVE AND SENSORY PROPERTIES OF TURKISH NOODLES: ENRICHED WITH ARONIA POWDER (ARONIA MELANOCARPA)
Karademir, Emine; Yuksel, Ferhat; Baltaci, Cemalettin
Aronia (Aronia melanocarpa) is a fruit with a high polyphenol content, and its use is increasing due to its potential health effects with increased polyphenol content. The widespread consumption of Turkish noodles and similar products in society is important for increasing their nutritional quality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the physicochemical, color, bioactive, and sensory properties of noodle samples to which aronia powder was added at different concentrations of 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10%, respectively. Total Polyphenol Content (TPC), Total Antioxidant Capacity (TAC), and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC) amounts were found to be significantly increased (p<0.05). In addition, significant increases were found in the antioxidant activity (ABTS(center dot+), DPPH and FRAP) of the samples. According to the sensory evaluations, the noodles with 8% aronia had a high level of general acceptability, while the group with 10% aronia had a lower level. Consequently, we observed that adding aronia could yield an acceptable noodle enriched in bioactive components.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025Determination of antibacterial properties and chemical composition of pyrolysis liquid from feeding wastes of mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae; [ОДРЕЂИВАЊЕ АНТИБАКТЕРИЈСКЕ АКТИВНОСТИ И ХЕМИЈСКОГ САСТАВА ПИРОЛИТИЧКЕ ТЕЧНОСТИ НАСТАЛЕ ИЗ НУТРИТИВНОГ ОТПАДА ОДРАСЛОГ ЦРВА]
Özgen, İNanç; Gül, Abdulkadi̇R; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Öner, İLyas; Aydoğmuş, Ercan
This study aimed to evaluate the antibacterial properties and phytochemical composition of pyrolysis liquids obtained from the biowaste of the mealworm Tenebrio molitor L. (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adults and larvae. Biowaste was subjected to pyrolysis at 295±5 °C for 7 h under a nitrogen atmosphere using a laboratory-scale system equipped with a dual condensation unit to separate light and heavy fractions. The biowaste pyrolysis liquid (BPL) were purified and analysed for their chemical content using LC–MS/MS, which identified seven key phenolic compounds, with cinnamic acid being the most abundant (358.05 µg/g), followed by salicylic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid and naringenin. Notably, the most of flavonoid derivatives were either absent or below detection limits, indicating the extract’s phenolic acid-dominated profile. The antibacterial activity of BPL was assessed against two gram-negative (E. coli ATCC-25922, P. aeruginosa ATCC-27853) and two gram-positive (E. faecalis ATCC-23212, S. aureus ATCC-25923) bacterial strains using the agar well diffusion method. The results demonstrated significant antibacterial effects, particularly against S. aureus (29.5±0.3 mm) and P. aeruginosa (23.5±0.2 mm), followed by E. coli (21.7±0.1 mm). These findings highlight the potential of insect-derived pyrolysis liquids as natural antibacterial agents, driven largely by their phenolic acid content. This study underscores the value of biowaste valorisation for developing bioactive compounds with potential applications in antimicrobial therapies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Development of analytical methods and method validation for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) in yogurt and ayran
Ergüney, Gülşen; Gündoğdu, Engin; Baltaci, Cemalettin
This study presents the development and validation of analytical methods for the qualitative and quantitative determination of Carboxymethyl Cellulose (CMC) in yogurt and ayran. The methods were evaluated for their detection limit (LOD), quantification limit (LOQ), and method detection limit (MDL) across multiple samples, demonstrating robust sensitivity with MDL and LOD values of 0.03% for both yogurt and ayran. Recovery studies showed high accuracy, with recovery rates between 98% and 100%, and consistent recovery within the acceptable range of 97–103%, reinforcing the methods' reliability. The quantitative analysis exhibited strong repeatability and reproducibility, with low relative standard deviations (RSDr and RSDR), confirming minimal intra-day and inter-day variability. The calibration curves for CMC analysis demonstrated excellent linearity with high coefficients of determination (R2 = 0.9985 for yogurt and 0.9951 for ayran), ensuring accurate quantification over a wide concentration range. Measurement uncertainty analysis further validated the methods' precision and accuracy, showing low relative uncertainties for trueness, repeatability, and reproducibility. Robustness evaluations indicated that the methods maintained consistent recovery rates despite variations in pH, heating time, and sample quantity, highlighting their reliability under different conditions. For qualitative analysis, the visual images method showed exceptional performance with perfect sensitivity and specificity, accurately identifying all positive and negative samples without any false positives or negatives. This high level of accuracy makes the visual images method a valuable tool for ensuring product safety and compliance with quality standards in the dairy industry. Overall, the validated analytical methods for CMC detection in yogurt and ayran demonstrated high precision, accuracy, and reliability, making them essential for quality control and regulatory compliance in dairy production.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Algal Biofilm Formed in the Wastewater Treatment Plant and Their Dye Removal Performance
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Karpuz, Omer; Demirel, İlyas Taner; Gülbahar, Esma
In the field of environmental pollution removal, bioremediation plays a crucial role in removing or converting toxic substances from the environment. Bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae, and plants are widely used in bioremediation events. Recently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have also been employed in bioremediation applications. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized from algal biofilms that are naturally formed in the settling ponds of the Gümüşhane Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant. These biological nanoparticles were utilized to investigate their adsorption efficiency for water-polluting dyes such as methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and phenol red (PR). The synthesized FeONPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To test their efficacy, MB, MG, and PR dye solutions were treated with 5.0, 10.0, and 20 g/L FeONP concentrations. The remaining dye concentrations were quantified with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer after filtration. The results showed that FeONPs obtained from algal biofilms effectively removed MB, MG, and PR, with the highest efficiency observed for PR.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Participation of urea application stages on flour quality in bread wheat
Barut, Hatun; Aykanat, Sait; Bahar, Bilge; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Köseoğlu, Berra
Laboratory studies, which field trial was conducted in the 2020-2021 growing season at the Eastern Mediterranean Agricultural Research Institute, were conducted at Gümüşhane University. In this study, the findings showed that urea was used as the top fertilizer in different growth stages of the 'Yakamoz' bread wheat cultivar used as material, and the effects of urea application periods and flour type, on the quality traits, such as dry matter, ash, protein, acidity, fresh and dry gluten, gluten index, sedimentation, and falling number were investigated. For this purpose, in addition to the control application, tillering, stem elongation, milky and dough stages were chosen as urea application periods. Laboratory studies were carried out in randomized plots using the split-plot design with three replications. In the present study, all quality traits showed statistically significant differences for urea application periods; these values were ranged as follows: Dry matter: 90.20-90.77%, ash: 1.037-1.213%, protein: 14.01-15.15%, acidity: 0.037-0.056%, wet gluten: 41.49-43.67%, dry gluten: 14.75%-15.46, gluten index: 69.28-80.38%, sedimentation: 20.0-21.0 mL, late sedimentation: 23.5-29.8 mL and falling number: 753.8-881.7 s. In addition, other quality parameters except dry matter, protein and sedimentation changed statistically for flour type. Accordingly, whole wheat flour for ash (1.443%), acidity (0.051%) and gluten index (82.53%); white flour showed high values for wet (44.90%) and dry (15.96%) gluten, late sedimentation (35.60 mL) and falling number (836.4 s). As a result, while applying urea as a top fertilizer, it is recommended to choose the stem elongation stage for high gluten index, delayed sedimentation and protein, and the dough maturity stage for high dry matter. It would be appropriate to represent more genotypes and different nitrogen sources in further studies to be more inclusive.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Validation Study on Spectrophotometric Measurement of Ethanol from Beer and Non-Alcoholic Beer Samples Distilled by Micro Steam Distillation Method
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akdoğan, Arda
In this study, a new spectrophotometric method based on the oxidation of sodium dichromate was proposed for the determination of ethanol percentage (v/v) in beer and non-alcoholic beer after distillation with the micro water vapor method, and the method was validated with various parameters. The Harmonized Guidelines for Single-Laboratory Validation of Methods of Analysis were used to validate the analytical method we provided. The following aspects of the method were assessed: precision, recovery, linearity, measuring range, limit of detection (LOD), limit of quantification (LOQ), method detection limit (MDL), and measurement uncertainty. The LOD, LOQ, and MDL values obtained for ethanol were 0.04%, 0.05%, and 0.15%, respectively. The relative standard deviation (RSD) values were less than 2.36% and 4.12% for both repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility, respectively. Recovery percentages of analytes added to the sample at certain levels were determined to be quantitative between 97% and 102%. These findings fulfill the minimal performance standards outlined in AOAC Official Methods of Analysis Appendix F: Guidelines for Standard Method Performance Requirements. In conclusion, the method validated with various parameters in this study has proven to be effectively usable for the routine analysis of ethanol in beer and non-alcoholic beer. This developed analysis method stands out as an innovative approach in terms of collecting ethanol from beers with the help of micro-distillation water vapor and measuring the color resulting from oxidation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Effect of Different Storage Conditions and Infusion Times on Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activites and Total Phenolic Content of Rosehip Fruits
Düzgün, Azer Özad; Acet, Tuba; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akmeşe, Osman; Ural, Mustafa Nuri; Akar, Zeynep; Darak, Münevver; Kılınç, Kagan
Rosa canina L. (Rosehip) is a medicinal plant with strong antioxidant properties.The content of rosehip and accordingly its antioxidant capability may vary according to the way the fruits are used, storage, infusion, freezing and drying methods. In study, it was aimed to determine the antioxidant, antimicrobial activities in rosehip infusion products and extracts under these conditions. Fresh, frozen, dried and +40C stored fruits were infused at 90 degrees and infusion groups were formed. During infusion, samples were taken at 30, 60, 90, 120, 300 and 360th minutes and antioxidant activity (DPPH, FRAP and ABTS methods), total phenolic and total flavonoid contents (TPC and TFC), and antimicrobial activity were analyzed. In addition, phenolic compound content was investigated in 3 different extracts by HPLC method. Dried rosehip (DR) infusing samples were found to have the highest antioxidant activity, TPC and TFC compared to all groups (p-value ranged between 0.000 and 0.05).). Significant decreases were detected in the parameters according to storage and freezing times. A total of 8 phenolic compounds, the highest concentration of which was epicatechin, were detected in aqueous and ethanolic extracts of dried and stored at 40C rosehip (DR+40C) and dried rosehip (DR) fruits. For antimicrobial analysis, Total 7 different Gram (+) and (Gram (-) bacterial strains, were used. While antimicrobial activity was observed in the extracts, no activity was observed in the infusion products. It was determined that antioxidant activity increased during 360 minute infusion time, although it varied according to storage conditions.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Vinegar production from different cherry laurel fruits and investigation of some of their physicochemical properties; [Essigherstellung aus verschiedenen Kirschlorbeerfrüchten und Untersuchung einiger ihrer physikochemischen Eigenschaften]
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Yilmaz, Kubra; Ozturk, Seyda; Karpuz, Omer
In this study, seven types of traditional cherry laurel fruit vinegars (CLFV) belonging to three different species were produced. Vinegars, including those produced during the study and supplied from the market, were analyzed for total acidity, volatile acidity and non-volatile acidity, pH, ash, oxidation number, iodine number, ester, mineral substan-ce, alcohol, total solids, and total sugar-free solids. Analyses and the ranges of the results that were found in vinegar samples were as: Acidity percentage (as acetic acid) 1.68–4.13 %, volatile acidity (as acetic acid) 5.70–18.27 g/L, non-volatile acidity (as tartaric acid) 3.31–36.10 g/L, alcohol percentage 0.01–0.48, pH 2.24–3.57, total sugar 6.54–283.56 g/L, total solids 22.01–486.56 g/L, total sugar-free solids 14.11–217.73 g/L, ash 0.22–3.84 g/L, ester 16.80–61.14, oxidation number 389.60–394.05 and iodine number 35.20–386.88. For the color analysis, the values were found to be between 10.91 and 25.79 for L*, 5.15 and 15.08 for a*, between –4.83 and 8.72 for b*, between 3.54 and 16.83 for E*. Based on their physicochemical properties, the vinegars numbered N4, N5, N6, N8, and N9 are considered suitable for vinegar production compared to the samples numbered N7 and N10. The raw material contents of N7 and N10 vinegars differ from the others and inhibit the development of acidity. Additionally, it has been determined that the physicochemical properties of N4, N5, N6, N8, and N9 vinegar samples are superior to those of apple and grape vinegars. According to the study re-sult, cherry laurel fruits (CLF) are suitable for natural vinegar production under optimum conditions, and further field studies should be carried out to apply these findings at the industrial level.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2024Aflatoxin Detoxification by Biosynthesized Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Using Green and Black Tea Extracts
Gedikli, Hasan; Akdogan, Arda; Karpuz, Omer; Akmese, Osman; Kobya, Havva N.; Baltaci, Cemalettin
Researchers have recently been interested in employing nanoparticles (NPs) obtained from herbal extracts through green synthesis for various applications. This study investigated the detoxification of aflatoxins, which are toxic substances produced by molds Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus parasiticus. The present work examined the levels of aflatoxins in hazelnut and peanut puree. Turkish black tea extract (BTE), Turkish green tea extract (GTE), green synthesized black tea-based iron oxide nanoparticles (BTFeONPs), and green tea-based iron oxide nanoparticles (GTFeONPs) were produced for aflatoxin removal. Characterizations and various antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the tea extracts and iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were investigated. The aflatoxin levels of hazelnut puree used for this study were 6.57 ± 0.06 µg/kg for aflatoxin B1 and 13.03 ± 0.16 µg/kg for total aflatoxin, whereas the aflatoxin levels of (AFLB1) peanut puree were 7.79 ± 0.15 µg/kg for AFLB1 and 15.21 ± 0.12 µg/kg for total aflatoxin. Using soluble BTE resulted in a 40 to 50% decrease in aflatoxin levels in hazelnut and peanut purees, while soluble GTE led to a 30 to 45% decrease. Meanwhile, using BTFeONPs and GTFeONPs resulted in a 33 to 48% and 40 to 50% decrease, respectively, in aflatoxin levels in hazelnut and peanut purees.