Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Kurt, Kemal(9)
- Yilmaz, Ozgur(7)
- Doğan, Kadir Caner(6)
- Alemdag, Selcuk(5)
- Demir, Selim(5)
- Güngör, Nihan(5)
- Turan, İbrahim(5)
- Vural, Alaaddin(5)
- Ünker, F.(5)
- Akpinar, Adem Sefa(4)
- Akyüz, Ahmet Mutlu(4)
- Doğan, Orhan Veli(4)
- Doğan, Süheyla(4)
- Gurocak, Zulfu(4)
- Maden, Nafiz(4)
- Menteşe, Ümit(4)
- Okan, Tarhan(4)
- Saridogan, E(4)
- Sener, S(4)
- Staub, S(4)
- Çalışır, Gülsüm(4)
- Çuvalci, O.(4)
- Adanur, Süleyman(3)
- Akaryali, Enver(3)
- Artan, Seyfettin(3)
- Ashyralyyev, Charyyar(3)
- Aydin, Musa(3)
- Baskent, Emin Zeki(3)
- Bayraktar, Alemdar(3)
- Bingöl, Ozkan(3)
- Bostan, Sedat(3)
- Ceylan, D.(3)
- Damlıbağ, Fatih(3)
- Dincel, Gungor Cagdas(3)
- Duran, Celal(3)
- Günaydin, Murat(3)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(3)
- Kalkışım, Özgün(3)
- Ozdes, Duygu(3)
- Saylan, Kemal(3)
Yayınlar
- Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2015Religious social movements and economic welfare in modern Turkey
Köroğlu, Cemile Zehra; Köroğlu, Muhammet Ali
In all societies, there have been some movements that point out social, political, economic, ideological, or moral problems or aim at partial or complete change. This chapter discusses the new meanings attributed to the concept of social movements in the postmodern era. A theoretical framework is proposed to understand the nature of social movements since the 1960s and to demonstrate their differences from classical movements. Turkey provides a particularly rich context with high potential for social movements, both with secular and religious aspirations. Religious social movements have shown quite a tense relationship with the state throughout the history of the republic; yet, they have gained power and prosperity through evolving liberal economic policies since the 1980s. Therefore, resource mobilization and new social movement paradigms are used in this chapter to explain Turkey's religious social movements today.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Changes in sterol composition of hazelnut during fruit development
Ilyasoglu, Huri
Hazelnut is a valuable source of fat-soluble bioactive components. Among the fat-soluble bioactive components, phytosterols have gained much interest due to their cholesterol reducing properties. This study presents the evaluation of changes in the sterol composition of Turkish hazelnut cultivars (Tombul, Palaz, and Sivri) during fruit development. Three major sterols (β-sitosterol, campesterol, and Δ5-avenasterol), and five minor sterols (clerosterol, brassicasterol, stigmasterol, Δ7-stigmastenol, and Δ7-avenasterol) were detected in all hazelnut cultivars during all stages. The total sterol contents of Turkish hazelnut cultivars reached the maximum values at the early stage and a significant reduction in the total sterol content occurred at the harvest stage.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Biogeochemical characteristics of Rosa canina grown in hydrothermally contaminated soils of the Gümüşhane Province, Northeast Turkey
Vural, Alaaddin
Kırkpavli alteration area (Gümüşhane, Northeast Turkey) is contaminated by heavy metals such as Cd, Pb, As, Cu and Zn. The quantity of accumulation of heavy metal trace elements and macroelements in 32 leaves of Rosa canina of the Kırkpavli alteration area has been studied within the scope of geochemical studies. Element contents of samples were assessed using various parameters including descriptive statistics, factor analysis, correlation coefficients and bioaccumulation factor. Concentrations were detected in the acceptable range for Mo, Cu, Pb, Ni, As, Cd, Sb, P, Ti, Na, Se and Sn. Concentrations of Co, Mn, Ba and Hg were detected close to the acceptable values, whereas Zn, Fe, Sr, V, Ca, Cr, Mg, B, Al, K, W, Sc, Cs and Rb concentrations were detected above the acceptable values. Principal component analysis was used to identify the elements that have a close relationship with each other and/or similar origins. It has been concluded that Zn, Cu, As and Mo content of the plant were related to hydrothermal alteration process and they behaved together, whereas Mn and Fe were especially products of weathering conditions, also behaved together. In terms of macroelements, Ca, Mg and Na had similar behaviour, while P and K had the same correlation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Synthesis, antifungal activity and carbonic anhydrase inhibitory properties of Cu (II) Bis (3, 4 dimethoxybenzoate) bis (nicotinamide) dihydrate
Afsin Kaya, A.; Kaya, Elif Celenk; Sarikaya, S. Beyza Ozturk; Onaran, Abdurrahman
The new 3,4-dimethoxybenzoate complex of Cu(II) with nicotinamide was synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, FT-IR spectroscopic study, UV-Vis spectrophotometry and mass spectrometry. The thermal behavior of the complex was studied by simultaneous TG, DTG and DTA methods in static air atmosphere. The infrared spectral characteristics of the complex is also discussed. In this complex, all ligands are coordinated to the metal ion as monodendate ligands. The final decomposition products were found to be the respective metal oxide. As it is well known, metal complexes of biologically important ligands are sometimes more effective than the free ligands. In this study the new compound was synthesized due to its functional groups such as veratric acid and nikotin amide, which have known biological characteristics and effective in terms of both enzyme and antifungal properties from recent studies. Therefore, antifulgal activity and enzyme inhibition properties of this complex have been examined.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015A note on weighted Sobolev algebras L1ω(ℝd) ∩ Wpk (ℝd)
Güngör, Nihan; Səgir, Birsen
Let 1 ≤ p < ∞ and ω be Beurling's weight function on ℝd. In this article, we demonstrate some harmonic properties of Sobolev space Wpk (ℝd) which consists of all functions on ℝd whose weak derivatives up to and including order k belong to Lp(ℝd). Also, we deal with some harmonic properties of intersection space Apk,ω(ℝd) = L1ω(ℝd) ∩ Wpk (ℝd) by aid of Beurling algebra L1ω(ℝd) and Sobolev space Wpk (ℝd). Finally, we research the inclusions and continuous embeddings between the spaces Apk,ω(Ω) where Ω ⊂ ℝd be open set.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Purification and characterization of an extracellular cellulase from Anoxybacillus gonensis O9 isolated from geothermal area in Turkey
Genc, Berna; Nadaroglu, Hayrunnisa; Adiguzel, Ahmet; Baltaci, Ozkan
In the present study, cellulase was purified and characterized from Anoxybacillus gonensis (Gen bank Number: KM596794) which was isolated and characterized from Agri Diyadin Hot spring. It was found to synthesize cellulase which had a wide range of industrial applications. Twenty four-hour-cultured bacteria induced cellulase production and specific activities during the purification steps were 1.47,81.06 and 109.4 EU mg-1 protein at crude extract, ammonium sulphate precipitated and DEAE-Sephadex purification steps. The highest enzyme activity was observed at 50°C and the optimum range of pH was 3-10. Molecular weight of enzyme was determined approximately 40kDa. The kinetic parameters of cellulase against carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) were 153.4 μmol min-1 mg for Vmax and 0.46mM for Km. Among effectors of the enzyme, Zn2+, Ca2+, Co2+ and EDTA decreased enzyme activity.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015A review for genesis of continental arc magmas: U, Th, K and radiogenic heat production data from the Gümüşhane Pluton in the Eastern Pontides (NE Türkiye)
Maden, Nafiz; Akaryali, Enver
In this study, in situ radioelemental (238U, 232Th and 40K) measurements and heat production rate evaluation have been conducted at 132 sites in the Gümüşhane Pluton of the Eastern Pontides Orogenic Belt (EPOG) of Northern Türkiye. The average K, U and Th values for granites are 4.35±0.71%, 5.85±2.74ppm, 22.13±5.55ppm, respectively; microgranites 4.33±1.37%, 7.12±2.23ppm, 24.11±9.59ppm; metagranite 3.93±0.68%, 6.24±2.75ppm, 12.87±3.92ppm; andesite/basalt 1.75±0.74%, 3.22±1.07ppm, 9.01±5.14ppm. Based on the abundances of K, U and Th, the radiogenic heat production (RHP) values, which is a reflection of the geological rock types, are estimated as 3.52±1.03μWm-3, 3.86±1.31μWm-3, 2.93±0.89μWm-3, and 1.68±0.63μWm-3 for granites, microgranites, metagranites and andesite/basalt, respectively. The average heat production value for the study area is estimated as 2.83±1.39μWm-3, which is closer to the upper continental crustal value; contrary to the highest heat production value of granitic basement and the lowest heat production values of the sedimentary rocks. The study region is depicted with very high level of Th/U value ranging from 0.11 to 23.19 with mean value of 3.53 ± 2.5, which is comparatively close to the upper continental crustal estimate of 3.8. The numerical results verify that mantle-derived magmas are subjected to contamination with both middle and lower crustal material constituted by fragments of southerly dipping subduction of Tethys Ocean during the late Mesozoic-Cenozoic.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015A low cost outdoor testing facility for detailed photovoltaic device performance characterization
Ogulgonen, Guvenc; Ozden, Talat; Yardim, Ugur; Turan, Rasit; Kincal, Serkan; Turan, R; Gunes, M; Sariciftci, NS; Varlikli, C
Long term outdoor performance monitoring is the ultimate method to capture the long term performance characteristics of PV devices. As time consuming as this process might be, it is the only way in which the local environmental condition versus PV device characteristics may be captured when making investment decisions. This data needs to be captured at least once through the seasonal cycle. It needs to be correlated to the environmental conditions, this monitoring climatic conditions is a requirement. Solar irradiation conditions must be monitored over a range of inclination angles - direct, diffuse and reflected components must be ideally captured separately. The panels must be held at maximum power generating point through the varying illumination conditions. Periodic IV traces must be captured, in addition to the power output to understand mechanisms of degradation, if present. Furthermore, the IV curves must be summarized in terms of relevant performance metrics. This work describes an outdoor testing facility that addresses all the aforementioned requirements. Reliable equipment selections coupled with adequate modelling strategies allow for the generation of a robust and accessible database of performance data.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Equilibrium, kinetics, and thermodynamic evaluation of mercury (II) removal from aqueous solutions by moss (Homalothecium sericeum) biomass
Ozdes, Duygu; Duran, Celal
In the present research, Homalothecium Sericeum was utilized for the first time as an effective and readily available adsorbent in removal of Hg(II) ions from aqueous solutions through a batch adsorption technique. The effects of initial solution pH, contact time, initial Hg(II) and adsorbent concentration, temperature, and ionic strengths were evaluated on the removal efficiency of Hg(II) ions, after being characterized of H. sericeum by different techniques. The maximum Hg(II) adsorption was obtained as 128.2 mg g-1 at initial pH 6.0 with an equilibrium time of 60 min, adsorbent dosage of 5.0 g L-1 and initial Hg(II) concentration range of 50-750 mg L-1. The adsorption behaviors of Hg(II) ions onto H. sericeum were investigated in terms of kinetics (pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, and intraparticle diffusion models), isotherms (Langmuir, Freundlich, and Dubinin Radushkevich models), and thermodynamics evaluation. Both the Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models were found to be suitable to describe the adsorption equilibrium while the adsorption kinetics followed by the pseudo-second order model. Thermodynamic parameters including the Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy (ΔH), and entropy (ΔS) changes indicated that the adsorption of Hg(II) ions onto H. sericeum was feasible, spontaneous, and endothermic in nature.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Primary growth parameters of three alfalfa cultivars adapted to highland climatic conditions
Seker, H.; Yolcu, H.; Acikgoz, E.
An irrigated field study was conducted to determine the relative importance and inter-relationships of growth parameters of three dormant alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) cultivars grown in the highlands of Eastern Anatolia, Turkey, in 2000-2003. The fast-growing cultivar Savas had the greatest dry matter (DM) yield at the final sampling date with the greatest mean crop growth rate. In addition to a greater relative growth rate (RGR), this cultivar had more stem branching and greater leaf area in the canopy, which resulted in greater leaf area index (LAI) and greater leaf area duration. Despite the considerable increase in leaf area ratio (LAR: leaf area per unit shoot DM), the reduction in RGR of all cultivars over time was the result of a large decline in net assimilation rate (NAR) due to increasing specific leaf area (SLA). Intracultivar variation in the RGR of alfalfa is mainly determined by NAR and SLA, and both were significantly higher for Savas than the other two cultivars. The relative importance of NAR and SLA to RGR changed due to increasing self-shading as the LAI of the canopy increased, creating a trade-off between NAR and SLA.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Compressive mechanical behaviors of hybrid composite materials based on micro lattice structure and rubberlike materials
Gümrük, Recep; Mazlum, Uʇur; Mines, R.A.W.
This article investigates compressive and energy absorption characteristics for composites obtained by filling stainless steel micro lattice materials, manufactured via the selective laser melting method, with three different rubbers, including room temperature vulcanization silicone, natural rubber, and neoprene rubber. At the stage of building the composites with natural and neoprene rubbers, an experimental setup was designed for these two rubbers to be infiltrated into lattice spaces under vulcanization temperatures and high pressures. The results showed that the composites with silicone and neoprene matrix had a quite similar response as well as a seriously enhanced energy absorbing capacity and plateau stresses, in comparison with the corresponding lattice structures, for especially small sized lattice components. Also, the compression tests of the composite with natural rubber matrix clearly show that there should be no large differences between the individual mechanical properties of each component in the composite, and, in this way, the contribution of each component on the mechanical behavior of composite should be guaranteed to provide the satisfying performance.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Utilization of granulated marble wastes and waste bricks as mineral admixture in cemented paste backfill of sulphide-rich tailings
Ercikdi, Bayram; Külekci, Gökhan; Yilmaz, Tekin
This study presents the utilisation of granulated marble wastes (MW) as an additive (10-30 wt%) and waste bricks (WB) as replacement and additive (15-45 wt%) to ordinary Portland cement (OPC) for cemented paste backfill (CPB) of sulphide tailings. OPC was used as binder at 7 wt% dosage. Pozzolanic activity tests showed that the fineness of the WB samples, not the chemical composition, is the major factor affecting their pozzolanic activity. Although they do not exhibit any pozzolanic activity, the use of MW samples as an additive to OPC improves acid buffering capacity of CPB samples and enhances their short and long-term mechanical performance. The UCSs of CPB samples increased with increasing additive rates and decreased with increasing replacement ratios. All CPB samples produced the desired strength and durability when MW and WB were used as an additive to OPC. However, a binder dosage of >7 wt% was required to produce the desired 28-day strength of ≥0.7 MPa when the OPC was replaced by 15-45 wt% WB samples. The durability (i.e. no loss of strength) of CPB samples is closely inter-related with the calcination temperatures and glass phase content of WB.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Prediction of pedal cyclists and pedestrian fatalities from total monthly accidents and registered private car numbers
Ghasemlou, Kiarash; Aydin, Metin Mutlu; Yildirim, Mehmet Sinan
Accident prevention is relatively a complex issue considering the effectiveness of the injury prevention technologies as well as more detailed assessment of the complex interactions between the road condition, vehicle and human factor. For many years, highway agencies and vehicle manufacturers showed great efforts to reduce the injuries resulting from the vehicle crashes. Many researchers used a broad range of methods to evaluate the impact of several factors on traffic accidents and injuries. Recent developments lead up to capable for determining the effects of these factors. According to World Health Organization (WHO), cyclists and pedestrians comprise respectively 1.6% and 16.3% in traffic crash fatalities in 2013. Also in Turkey crash fatalities for pedestrian and cyclists are respectively 20.6% and 3% according to Turkish Statistical Institute data in 2013. The relationship between cycling and pedestrian rates and injury rates over time is also unknown. This paper aims to predict the crash severity with the traffic injury data of the Konya City in Turkey by implementing the Artificial Neural Networks (ANN), Regression Trees (RT) and Multiple Linear Regression modelling (MLRM) method.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015A simple regression based approach to estimate deformation modulus of rock masses
Alemdag, Selcuk; Gurocak, Zulfu; Gokceoglu, Candan
Rock mass characterization has a crucial importance in rock engineering applications including foundation design, slope design, support design and others. For these purposes, it is necessary to determine some input parameters for design, such as deformation modulus (Em), uniaxial compressive strength (σci) and Poisson ratio (υ). The Em is an important input parameter and the practical and economical way to determine this parameter is to apply a rock mass classification system and estimate using the rock mass properties. Data from four different sites were used in the study. The values of Em were calculated using the existing empirical equations based on the Rock Mass Rating (RMR89) system. Furthermore, pressuremeter tests were carried out to determine the Em in one of the sites. The relationship between the RMR89 and the Em was obtained via simple regression analysis using the Em calculated from empirical equations based on RMR89 system. Afterwards, performance of the equation obtained from regression analyses was examined and compared the predicted Em values with experimental values with respect to the R2 values using the data of fourth site. Overall R2 value was found to be as 0.75.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2015Synthesis and determination of some biological activities of novel 2,4-dinitrophenyl derivatives
Öztürk Sarikaya, Sevim B.; Kaya, Afşin A.; Kaya, Elif C¸elenk; Şentürk, Murat
The antioxidant and radical scavenging activities of the synthesized compounds 3, 5, and 6 were determined by various in vitro assays such as 2,2-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid radical (ABTS.+) scavenging, ferric ion (Fe3+) reducing power and ferrous ion (Fe2+) chelating activities. Moreover, these activities were compared to those of standard antioxidants such as butylated hydroxyanisole, butylated hydroxytoluene, and trolox. The results showed that the new compounds (3, 5, and 6) had potential antioxidant activity. Besides, inhibition of the two human cytosolic carbonic anhydrase (hCA, EC 4.2.1.1) isozymes I and II with some nitrobenzene compounds was investigated. Compounds 1-6 showed Ki values in the range of 4.88-193.4 μM and 5.295-54.75 μM for hCA I and hCA II, respectively.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Determination of the Crustal and Thermal Structure of the Erzurum-Horasan-Pasinler Basins (Eastern Türkiye) Using Gravity and Magnetic Data
Maden, Nafiz; Aydin, Ali; Kadirov, Fakhraddin
The Erzurum-Horasan-Pasinler basin, which surrounds Miocene rocks, is oriented approximately E–W and is located in Eastern Anatolia (Türkiye). East Anatolia, where ophiolitic and young volcanic rocks are widespread, is situated in the Alpine–Himalayan fold-thrust fault belt. The NW–SE trending North Anatolian Transform Fault Zone and the NE–SW trending East Anatolian Transform Fault Zone, formed by the compressional regime of East Anatolia, control the main tectonics of the study region. While the Moho and Conrad depths of the study region are 43.0 and 20.9 km, respectively, the average sedimentary thickness has been determined to be 5.2 km by using the power spectrum method. On the other hand, it is found that the depth of the Moho in the region varies from 41.0 to 44.5 km and the depth of the Conrad discontinuity varies between 22 and 26 km, as computed using empirical equations. The basement of the sedimentary layer is calculated to be 6 km by using inversion results applied to the residual gravity data. The Curie point depth and average heat flow value in this region are calculated as 18.0 km and 89.1 m Wm−2, respectively. Geotherm calculations reveal that the Moho temperature is 1,028.0 °C based on the crustal model. The high heat flow values obtained are attributed to tectonic activities and melting of the lithospheric mantle caused by upwelling of the asthenosphere.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Nitric oxide production increases during Toxoplasma gondii encephalitis in mice
Dincel, Gungor Cagdas; Atmaca, Hasan Tarik
Toxoplasma gondii is an intracellular parasite with the potential of causing severe encephalitis among immunocompromised human and animals. The aim of this experimental study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and immunopathological role of nitric oxide (NO) in central nervous systems and to identify any correlation between toxoplasmosis neuropathology and investigate the consequences of the cellular responses protect against T. gondii. Mice were infected with ME49 strain T. gondii and levels of endothelial, neuronal and inducible nitric oxide synthase (eNOS, nNOS, iNOS), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) and neurofilament (NF) were examined in brain tissues by immunohistochemistry, during the development and establishment of a chronic infection at 10 30 and 60 days post infection. Results of the study revealed that the levels of eNOS (. p<0.05), nNOS (. p<0.05), iNOS (. p<0.005), GFAP (. p<0.005) and NF (. p<0.005) were remarkably higher in T. gondii-infected mice than in uninfected control. The most prominent finding from our study was 10 and 30 days after inoculation data indicating that increased levels of NO not only a potential neuroprotective role for immunoregulatory and immunopathological but also might be a molecular trigger of bradyzoite development. Furthermore, this findings were shown that high expressed NO origin was not only inducible nitric oxide synthase but also endothelial and neuronal. We demonstrated that activation of astrocytes and microglia/macrophages is a significant event in toxoplasma encephalitis (TE). The results also clearly indicated that increased levels of NO might contribute to neuropathology related with TE. Furthermore, expression of NF might gives an idea of the progress and critical for diagnostic significance of this disease.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Effects of seed-gall nematode, Anguina tritici, on bread wheat grain characteristics and yields in Turkey
Tulek, Adnan; Kepenekci, Ilker; Cifticigil, Tugba Hilal; Ozturk, Irfan; Akin, Kemal; Seidi, Melis; Yildirim, Mustafa; Dababat, Abdelfattah A.
The effects of Anguina triticion wheat yields and agronomic components were investigated at Thrace Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey, during the 2013 and 2014 growing seasons. Evaluations during 2013 focused on the wheat cv. Pehlivan, which is widely cultivated in Turkey. In this cultivar, A. triticiled to a grain infection in infected spikes of 0-100%, with an average of 61.8%. In 2014, yield losses caused by A. triticiwere investigated in four wheat cvs, Pehlivan, Selimiye, Gelibolu and Kate-A. Results indicated that there were significant yield losses averaging 55% in plots infested with A. tritici(average yields = 3.74 t ha -1), as compared to control plots (average yields = 8.38 t ha -1). Yield losses in the four wheat cvs Kate-A, Pehlivan, Selimiye and Gelibolu were estimated as 51.3, 53.2, 56.6 and 59.6%, respectively, with seed infection levels by A. triticiof 21.4, 20.9, 24.4 and 18.3%, respectively.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Geochronology, geochemistry, and petrogenesis of the Eocene Bayburt intrusions, Eastern Pontides, NE Turkey: Evidence for lithospheric mantle and lower crustal sources in the high-K calc-alkaline magmatism
Kaygusuz, Abdullah; Öztürk, Mürşit
Eocene I-type plutons are widespread in the Eastern Pontides, Northeastern Turkey. Geochemical and isotopic results on two Eocene intrusive bodies located in the southern zone of the Eastern Pontides were utilized to achieve a proper reconstruction of their origin. Based on laser ablation ICP-MS U-Pb zircon dating, Kiliçkaya and Kozluk intrusions present similar 206Pb/238U versus 207Pb/235U concordia ages of 46.75±0.79 and 46.9±0.68 Ma, respectively. Both intrusions exhibit similar petrographical, geochemical, and isotopical features, and contain abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs). The intrusive rocks are composed of diorite, tonalite, and granodiorite, whereas MMEs are composed of diorite. Both the intrusive rocks and the MMEs are I-type, high-K calc-alkaline in composition and display a metaluminous character. They are enriched in large-ion lithophile and light rare-earth elements and are depleted in high-field strength elements. The intrusive rocks show moderate variation in 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.70531-0.70576), εNd(i) (+0.3 to -0.5), and δ18O values (+6.6 to +6.9), as well as Nd model ages (0.73-0.82Ga). Their Pb isotopic ratios are 206Pb/204Pb=18.67-18.86, 207Pb/204Pb=15.61-15.62, and 208Pb/204Pb=38.62-39.03. Although the isotope signatures of MMEs (87Sr/86Sr(i)=0.70528-0.70561; εNd(i)=+0.7 to -0.3; δ18O=+6.7 to +6.8) are significantly similar to those of the host rocks, the MMEs are characterized by relatively low contents of SiO2 (57-59wt.%), low aluminum saturation index (0.8-0.9), and high Mg numbers (31-36). All of these data suggest magma generation by mixing of enriched lithospheric mantle- and lower crustal-derived melts. Moreover, Sr-Nd isotopic modeling reveals ~17% to 23% lower crustal magma contribution to the mantle component.
- MakaleYalnız künye2015Effect of domestic cooking methods on antioxidant capacity of fresh and frozen kale
Ilyasoʇlu, Huri; Burnaz, Nesibe Arslan
The aim of this study was to evaluate the changes in the antioxidant capacity of fresh and frozen kale during domestic cooking methods (e.g., boiling, microwaving, and steaming). The antioxidant activities of the samples were measured using three in vitro assays (1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl assay, 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid assay, and ferric reducing antioxidant power assay). The steaming treatment was found to be the best cooking method to retain antioxidant compounds, followed by the microwaving and boiling treatments. The frozen uncooked samples exhibited a higher antioxidant capacity than the fresh, uncooked samples, indicating that the freezing process could enhance the antioxidant capacity of the kale.