Yazarlar
- Kankal, Murat(17)
- Şan, Murat(17)
- Akinoglu, Bulent G.(14)
- Ozden, Talat(14)
- Nacar, Sinan(10)
- Barut, Abdulkadir(9)
- Akpinar, Adem(6)
- Akyol, Mehmet(6)
- Akçay, Fatma(6)
- Cakir, Mehmet Ali(6)
- Pilatin, Abdulmuttalip(6)
- Sezer, İsmet(6)
- Terhan, Meryem(6)
- Özden, Talat(6)
- Işık, Fatih(5)
- Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan(5)
- Pala, Fahrettin(5)
- Turan, Rasit(5)
- Akyol, Hikmet(4)
- Artan, Seyfettin(4)
- Hayaloğlu, Pınar(4)
- Peker, Iskender(4)
- Sezer, Ismet(4)
- Özbek, Adem(4)
- Adali, Zafer(3)
- Akpinar, A.(3)
- Akpinar, Muhammet Vefa(3)
- Altuner, Elif Esra(3)
- Ayaydın, Hasan(3)
- Başoğlu, Mustafa Engin(3)
- Bilgic, Abdulbaki(3)
- Bozbeyoglu, Pinar(3)
- Coruh, Emine(3)
- Eraslan, Selim(3)
- Erol, Ismail(3)
- Kaygusuz, Abdullah(3)
- Kaygusuz, Kamil(3)
- Mete, Emrullah(3)
- Nizetic, S(3)
- Okkan, Umut(3)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Evaluation of the darfur crisis in the context of climate migration
Yılmaz, Vedat; Efşan, Nur Çelik
Climate migration, also known as environmentally induced migration, is commonly witnessed in African countries that experience serious difficulties in meeting basic needs such as drought, water scarcity, and food security due to limited resources. Climate-related stress experienced in Africa in the 21st century will continue with both horizontal migration within the continentand migration across borders. The aim of the study is to reveal the impact of “climate change” in Sudan’s Darfur Region, which is known to be one of the first examples of climate-related migration in the literature, and the impact of foreign (or international, one of them is enough) intervention to the migration patterns that paved the way of humanitarian crises in the region. For this reason, The study reveals that how the climatic changes in Africa led to political instability, social violence and a security threat. In the study, it was concluded that the macro powers (states such as the USA, China and Russia) that triggered the humanitarian crisis in Darfur will continue their goals of sharing Sudan's resources. It is foreseen that these states will escalate the crisis by taking advantage of the administrative weaknesses of the Sudanese Government in order to achieve this. It has been revealed that democracy, human rights and the environment will continue to be low politics issues in Sudan, which cannot calm down its domestic politics, and it has become more challenging to ensure the long-term sustainability of social peace. It is argued that the rise of violence in the region will affect the living conditions in camps consisting of various ethnic groups and cause new socio-political problems. In the study, in which Turkish and English literature were reviewed, it has been aimed to provide insights and develop recommendations for further research. It is expected that this study will contribute to the Turkish literature in this regard.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2023A review study on the use of dimethyl ether in diesel engines: effects on CO2 emissions
Sezer, İsmet
Emissions from vehicles and other fuel combustion systems can alter the composition of the atmosphere and augment its capacity to absorb heat. These gases, which are effective at trapping heat, are known as greenhouse gases and include all gases found in vehicle emissions. Reducing the emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2) has become an urgent necessity around the world, and many countries have imposed limits on their CO2 output. Using biofuels in automotive engines is an effective way of reducing greenhouse gas emissions. The CO2 emissions emitted from the combustion of biofuels are absorbed as trees and plants grow. Biofuels can be used either as pure fuels or blended with conventional fuels. Most research has declared that the most effective way to reduce greenhouse emissions is the use of various biofuels. Therefore, it is essential to assess the outcomes of research regarding alternate fuels or fuel additives to determine their proper utilization. Using of diesel engines can also help reduce CO2 emissions as they emit less CO2 emissions than gasoline engines. This review study investigates the effects the using of dimethyl ether on CO2 emissions in diesel engines. The results showed that CO2 emissions decrease when using the pure DME and DME blends with diesel and LPG fuels due to the oxygen content and the lower carbon to hydrogen ratio of DME. The decrements in CO2 emissions for pure DME, diesel–DME blends and LPG–DME blend are about 5.2–18.3%, 3–41.6% and 10.6–16.4%, respectively.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023İstatistiksel Yöntemlerle Yukarı Karasu Havzası'nın Kuzeydoğu Bölümünün (Erzurum) Heyelan Duyarlılık Analizi
Dağ, Serhat; Aydogan, Erdem
Bu çalışmada, Erzurum ilinde Yukarı Karasu Havzası’nın kuzeydoğu bölümünün heyelan duyarlılık analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Arazi çalışmaları ile 334 adet heyelan tespit edilerek heyelan envanter haritası oluşturulmuştur. Mevcut heyelanların %80’i analizlerde kullanılırken, rastgele seçilen %20’si ise duyarlılık performansının değerlendirilmesinde kullanılmıştır. Çalışma alanı koşulları göz önünde bulundurularak jeolojik, topoğrafik ve çevresel ilişkin parametreler analizlerde değerlendirilmiştir. Çalışmada hem frekans oranı yöntemi (FO) hem de Bayes olasılık modeli (BO) kullanılarak 5 farklı duyarlılık sınıfından oluşacak şekilde heyelan duyarlılık haritaları üretilmiştir. Daha sonra haritalar mevcut heyelanlarla karşılaştırılarak performans analizi gerçekleştirilmiştir. Frekans oranı yöntemine göre çalışma alanının %55.02’si, mevcut heyelanların ise %89.1’i yüksek ve çok yüksek duyarlı alanlar olarak belirlenmiştir. Bayes olasılık modeli ile üretilen duyarlılık haritasında ise çalışma alanının %41.21’i, mevcut heyelanların ise %76.45’i yüksek ve çok yüksek duyarlı alanlarda tespit edilmiştir. Bu sonuç çalışmada her iki yöntemle elde edilen heyelan duyarlılık haritalarının mühendislik projelerinin tasarımı ve mekânsal planlama çalışmalarında kullanılabilir nitelikte olduğunu göstermektedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Avrupa Birliği’nde Karbon Vergisinin Kabul Edilebilirliği: Güven, Endişe ve Demokratik Katılım
Uğur, Candan Yılmaz
Bu çalışmanın amacı; güven, iklim değişikliği endişesi ve demokratik katılım değişkenlerinin karbon vergisi artışına yönelik desteği artırıp artırmadığını incelemektir. Çalışma 2016-2017 dönemi European Social Survey (Avrupa Sosyal Araştırması) Round 8’den elde edilen verilere dayanarak 21 Avrupa Birliği ülkesini kapsamaktadır. Çalışmada SPSS 22 programı kullanılmıştır. Korelasyon ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılarak tahmin edilen çalışmadan elde edilen en önemli sonuç iklim değişikliğine yönelik endişenin artması ile karbon vergisine yönelik desteğin artacağı yönündedir. Hükümete güven, parlamentoya güven, partilere güven değişkenleri ile karbon vergisine yönelik destek arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı ve pozitif yönlü bir ilişkinin olduğu görülmüştür. Bireylerin hükümetin yaptıklarında yeterli düzeyde söz sahibi olmalarına olanak sağlayan demokratik katılım ile karbon vergisine yönelik destek arasında da pozitif yönlü ve güçlü bir ilişkinin olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Çalışmada ayrıca kadınların, gençlerin, eğitim seviyesi yüksek olanların, sol görüşe sahip olanların ve kentlerde yaşayanların karbon vergisine ilişkin desteğinin daha yüksek olduğu görülmüştür. Bu bağlamda karbon vergisine yönelik politikalarda, karbon vergisine ilişkin desteği belirleyen unsurların göz önünde bulundurulması önerilmektedir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023An Investigation on the Components of the Living Standards: Evidence from Ethiopia
Kocağ, Esra Karapınar
Adaption of the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development in 2015 by United Nations member states is an urgent call for action to improve human lives while protecting environment. As any other developed and developing members, Ethiopia is also expected to response the call for action. Ethiopia is a country with high dependency on rain-fed agriculture, severe drought as a result of climate change and wrong human action, widespread poverty, and high dependency on humanitarian aid which requires a careful investigation to deal with its problematic situations. This paper offers a household level investigation on the components of living standards or welfare in Ethiopia, utilising COVID-19 High Frequency Phone Survey of Households 2020. Findings suggest that living area, ownership of dwelling, Access to water and electricity, having a rental income, and the number of household members significantly associated with the level of consumption, that are expected to provide guidance for policy makers.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023İklim Değişikliğinin Ekonomik Küreselleşme ve DYSY’ler İle Olan İlişkisinin İncelenmesi: NIC Ülkeleri Örneği
Akyol, Hikmet; Karakus, Kübra
Uluslararası ticaretin küresel boyutta kaydetmiş olduğu olağanüstü büyüme, dünya genelinde insan aktivitelerini ve sermaye akımlarını arttırmıştır. Bu dönemde gelişmiş dünyadan gelişmekte olan ülkelere yapılan doğrudan yabancı sabit yatırımları (DYSY), beraberinde çevresel tartışmaları da getirmiştir. Bu bağlamda iklim değişikliği ve küreselleşme bağlantısına olan akademik ilgi son dönemde artmıştır. Bu araştırma 1990-2019 arasında Yeni Sanayileşen Ülkelerde (NIC) ekonomik küreselleşme, DYSY’ler ile iklim değişikliği ilişkisini Emirmahmutoğlu ve Köse (2011) testi kullanarak incelemiştir. Sonuçlar, iklim değişikliğinin ekonomik küreselleşme ve DYSY’lerle belirgin bağlantıları olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Bulgulara göre iklim değişikliğinden ev sahibi ülkelere yapılan DYSY’lere doğru tek yönlü nedensellik söz konusuyken, ekonomik küreselleşmeyle iklim değişikliği arasında karşılıklı bir nedensellik bulunmaktadır. Ülkeler bazında incelendiğinde, bulguların farklılık gösterdiği tespit edilmiştir. Araştırma sonuçları bir takım çıkarımlar içermektedir. İklim değişikliğinin araştırma ülkelerine yapılan yatırımlarda önemli bir rolü olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Aksine DYSY’lere bağlı ev sahibi ülkelerde yaşanan teknik gelişme ve uzmanlaşmanın, iklim değişikliğiyle arasında herhangi bir İlişkisi olmadığı gözlemlenmiştir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023The Relationship between Urbanization, Energy Consumption and Carbon Dioxide Emissions: Panel Ardl Analysis for Newly Industrialized Countries
Akyol, Mehmet
An increase in the world population, technological advancement, and economic concerns bring along an increase in urbanization and energy consumption. Increasing urbanization speed and energy consumption cause environmental problems. The main hypothesis of this study is based on the idea that urbanization rate and energy consumption increase carbon dioxide emissions in developing countries. To test this hypethesis, the study ana-lyzed the relationship between urbanization, energy consump-tion, and carbon dioxide emission specific to newly industrialized countries. Panel ARDL method was utilized in this study that scrutinized the years between 1990 and 2018. According to the long-term results of the analysis, urbanization negatively affects carbon dioxide emission in the country group aforementioned; energy consumption and economic growth that is control vari-able have a positive effect on carbon-dioxide emission. Regarding short-term results, only the energy consumption positively af-fects carbon dioxide emission while other variables are statisti-cally insignificant. The results of the analysis reveal the necessity of policies towards smart city applications in reducing carbon dioxide emissions in newly industrialized countries. In addition, turning to renewable sources in energy consumption plays a key role in reducing carbon dioxide emissions.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2023Climate change in Türkiye and its impact on oncology nurses
Kaya, Afşin Ahmet; Aydin, Aydanur; Bağcivan, Gülcan
Climate change threatens human life and health by negatively affecting the basic components of health such as clean air, safe drinking water, nutritious food supply, and safe shelter. Türkiye is a country that is largely exposed to climate change with its cosmopolitan location, which is a bridge between Asia and Europe. Due to climate change, serious effects are seen in all sectors from energy to agriculture, from the economy to health. Climate change is defined as the most important global health threat of the next century, and the problems it brings are seen as the most important pressure factor for the life opportunities of future generations. Food and fresh water availability, rising sea levels, abnormal weather events, migration, and diseases are thought to affect human health. A multidisciplinary approach is required to adapt to climate change’s health effects and reduce its negative health effects. In addition, it is predicted that diseases that are about to disappear will re-emerge and become threats. It is thought that as a result of the contamination of food and water resources with the changing ecosystem, some infections will increase and society will face them. Nurses are both affected by climate change and its effects on public health. Nurses who remain in this situation have a great role in providing effective awareness for raising public awareness. In recent years, oncology clinics have not been affected by fire, earthquakes, and pandemics in our country. In this respect, it can be stated that the health service in Turkish oncology clinics is carried out uninterruptedly and by experts in the field. We learned during the pandemic that the whole world is unprepared for the future effects of climate change. In this direction, nurses should think about solutions for the problems related to climate change in the future.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Investigation of used PCM-integrated into building exterior walls for energy savings and optimization of PCM melting temperatures
Terhan, Meryem; Ilgar, Gamze
In the study, the effects on the building's thermal energy performance of using two different phase change materials (PCMs) integrated into the exterior walls at various thicknesses and melting temperatures have been investigated. Four exterior wall types have been designed by changing the position of PCM integrated into the exterior wall for the purpose to decrease heating and cooling energy demand. For each wall type, three different thicknesses (layers) have been studied and energy savings that PCM provided by decreasing the heating and cooling energy demands have been calculated on a monthly and annual basis. According to the energy simulation analyses, the configuration provided the highest heating energy savings (21.32 %) on an annual basis is the three-layer BioPCM27 integrated exterior wall with a melting temperature of 21 °C. The monthly optimum melting temperatures of PCMs have been determined based on the charge and discharge processes of PCM integrated into the exterior walls by evaluating the results of hourly energy simulation analysis. The annual average optimum melting temperature varies between 18 and 19 °C, depending on the exterior wall and material types. The three-layer (3L) InfiniteRPCM21C configuration (Type 3) has the best thermal energy performance among all exterior wall types, with 24.45 % total energy savings in the cooling season and 14.76 % in the heating season.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Does ecological footprint in ECCAS and ECOWAS converge? Empirical evidence from a panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks
Çelik, Orkun; Adali, Zafer; Bari, Bilgin
The costs due to climate change have been increasing day by day. In addition to the risk of losing our planet’s natural assets due to the increasing destructiveness of climate-related natural disasters and extreme climate events, we are also faced with grave economic risks. For this reason, researchers have recently focused on environmental issues. Nevertheless, they generally have investigated developed countries and ignored developing and least developed countries such as African countries. The United Nations (2015) report highlights that African countries should be specially investigated. Hence, the paper analyzes whether the ecological footprint in the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) converges for the period from 1961 to 2017. We employ Bahmani-Oskooee et al.’s (2014) panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks. The empirical findings demonstrate that the ecological footprint is stationary in ECCAS and ECOWAS. Stated in other words, the ecological footprint in these countries converges. Therefore, policymakers could implement similar policies to reduce the ecological footprint in these countries. This policy framework paves the way for an effective sustainable development.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Energy, exergy analysis and optimization of insulation thickness on buildings in a low-temperature district heating system
Terhan, Meryem; Abak, Sena Saliha
In the study, energy and exergy analysis of the buildings on a campus in Turkey are conducted by using actual operating data and taking measurements in the district heating system as a case study. The energy and exergy demands, losses that stem from all buildings are calculated according to average daily outdoor temperature data. Due to the high heat losses in the buildings, determining the optimal insulation thickness for the exterior wall should be investigated. Therefore, optimal insulation thicknesses, energy savings, fuel consumptions and payback periods of the insulation material on the exterior wall of the building are examined by using Life Cycle Assessment and P1–P2 method for natural gas. Optimal insulation thicknesses are calculated for different insulation materials such as XPS, glass wool, rock wool and EPS for the climatic regions (HDD=800–4250°C days). According to average exergy losses from the building components per unit area, the average total exergy loss is calculated as 2.39×10-2 kW/m2.year and 1.42×10-3 kW/m2 (5.92%) of this loss stems from the exterior walls, 1.93×10-3 kW/m2 (8.07%) from the floors, 7.37×10-4 kW/m2 (3.08%) from the roofs, 1.58×10-2 kW/m2 (65.99%) from the windows and doors, 4.04×10-3 kW/m2 (16.92%) from the ventilation with infiltration. Energy requirement values of the building are found between 2.68–25.70 kWh/m3 towards from the warmest to the coldest climatic region for the uninsulated wall. In the un-insulated state, fuel consumption varies between 1.93-18.48 m3/m2 from the warmest to the coldest region. The optimal insulation thickness values of the building’s exterior wall are calculated as between 2.3–10.0 cm according to different climatic regions. In-state of exterior wall insulation of 3 cm, fuel consumption decreases by 46.63%–53.46% compared to different insulation materials and climatic regions compared to the un-insulated state
- MakaleYalnız künye2023SPAN: An open-source plugin for photovoltaic potential estimation of individual roof segments using point cloud data
Özdemir, Samed; Yavuzdoğan, Ahmet; Bilgilioğlu, Burhan Baha; Akbulut, Zeynep
Decentralized solar PhotoVoltaic (PV) is one of the most promising energy sources for cities and individuals pursuing energy self-sufficiency. Especially, the already available rooftop surfaces are a major contributor to push for rooftop mounted PV systems. However, accurate PV potential estimation of individual buildings is still a challenging task since many parameters must be considered such as meteorological factors, panel technology, geographical location, available roof surface area, surface azimuth and tilt angle. In this study, we created an efficient approach that can be used for roof surface's PV potential estimation based on point cloud data and capable of processing various scales from single building to city scale. In the proposed approach, each roof surface's features were utilized for PV potential estimation by employing the PVGIS database. PV potential estimation was carried out on daily, monthly, and annual periods to provide a better estimation. Also, we developed a flexible and easy to use open-source plugin based on the QGIS software for rooftop mounted PV potential estimation capable of estimating every roof surface's PV potential. The method was tested on 80 buildings selected from ROOFN3D dataset. The proposed approach achieved an overall accuracy of 84% and an F1 score of 0.92.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Trend analysis of precipitation using innovative approaches in northwestern Turkey
Körük, Ali Emre; Kankal, Murat; Yıldız, Mehmet Berkant; Akçay, Fatma; Şan, Murat; Nacar, Sinan
Precipitation is highly sensitive to climate change, and monitoring its trends over time is essential for understanding the effects of global warming on the Earth's water cycle. This study investigates the effects of climate change on monthly precipitation in the Susurluk Basin located in northwestern Turkey, using innovative trend analysis methods. Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) using star graphics and Improved Visualization for Innovative Trend Analysis (IV-ITA) techniques were used to analyze precipitation data from nine stations in the basin over 50 years (1970–2019), and the findings were compared to classical Mann-Kendall (MK) results. According to the trend analysis results, the MK method detected significant trends in only two months in the decreasing direction. In these decreasing trends observed at Simav and Keles stations in November, z values were calculated as −2.38 and −2.05, respectively. IPTA method detected increasing trends in 54 months and decreasing trends in 40 months; this means there is a change of more than 5% between two half series. The IV-ITA method indicated an increase of more than 40% in the low values for January, March, August, and September. In addition, there was an increasing trend of more than 40% in the high values observed in September at all stations. It was observed that mean precipitation heights increased from September to December and then decreased throughout the basin. It is predicted that decreases in precipitation during dry seasons may put intense pressure on agricultural water use and affect water quality. In addition, the increase in precipitation in spring months may increase flood events. It was determined that graphical innovative trend analysis methods are more effective in trend identification than MK, and these methods' results have much higher visual inspection and linguistic interpretation possibilities. Innovative methods allow for more flexible and in-depth analysis using different statistical parameters.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Investigating the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis with recovered paper consumption, human development index, urbanization, and forest footprint
Aydin, M.; Koc, P.; Tumay, M.
The aim of this study, which covers the period from 1991 to 2017, is to analyze the relationships between recovered paper consumption, human development index, urbanization rate, and forest footprint in the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis in the 10 countries that consume the most recovered paper. Considering that wood is the raw material of paper, the study investigates whether the increase in the consumption of recovered paper has a positive effect on the forest footprint. Therefore, unlike other studies, the dependent variable of the EKC model is the forest footprint. The study is original in that it is the first to analyze the effects of recovered paper consumption on environmental degradation in the context of the EKC hypothesis. To analyze the relationships between the variables, we use panel cointegration tests based on AMG and CCE estimators, which allow analysis on both a country and group basis. According to the results, the EKC hypothesis is valid only in the Netherlands. While there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between recovered paper consumption and forest footprint in the Netherlands, there is a statistically significant and negative relationship between urbanization and forest footprint in Italy. Economic and ecological benefits and costs must be considered to measure the net benefit of waste management programs. In addition, to analyze how environmental impacts change over time, ecological footprint and gas emissions during waste generation or disposal should be measured similarly to carbon emissions.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Investigating the EKC hypothesis with nanotechnology, renewable energy consumption, economic growth and ecological footprint in G7 countries: panel data analyses with structural breaks
Aydin, Mucahit; Koc, Pınar; Sahpaz, Kadriye Izgi
This study investigates the relationship between nanotechnological innovations, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and ecological footprint for G7 countries within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis. The study employs panel cointegration tests with structural breaks from 1990–2018. Nanotechnology is expected to reduce environmental degradation by increasing renewable energy consumption and energy saving. In this context, nanotechnological innovations are an essential tool for sustainable development. However, the literature also emphasizes that nanoparticle emissions from nanotechnology can negatively impact human and environmental health in the long term, and these need to be analyzed. In this context, this study is the first to empirically examine the relationship between nanotechnological innovations, renewable energy consumption, economic growth, and ecological footprint within the framework of the EKC hypothesis. The outcomes affirm that all variables are integrated with the long term. The results show that the EKC hypothesis is valid only in the USA. Nanotechnological innovations have a reducing effect on environmental degradation in the USA, whereas; they have an increasing impact on environmental degradation in Italy and the United Kingdom. Renewable energy consumption enhances environmental quality in Italy, Japan, the United Kingdom, and the USA. Based on these empirical findings, the government should pioneer to development of new the lowest nanoparticle-emitting nanotechnologies. And that way, it will be possible to encourage energy savings and renewable energy consumption more safely, and the effectiveness of sustainable development policies will increase.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Energy and economic assessments of waste heat recovery by designs of economizer, condensing economizer and air preheater; [Ekonomizer, yoğuşmalı ekonomizer ve hava ön ısıtıcı tasarımları ile atık ısı geri kazanımının enerji ve ekonomik değerlendirilmesi]
Terhan, Meryem; Özağdaş, Emre; Omar, Muhammed Arslan
In this study, the waste heat loss of flue gases from the boilers of Kafkas University district heating system has been calculated between 6-8% according to the combustion analysis and the annual cost of this heat loss has been found as $58,658.79. In terms of energy efficiency and the national economy, we think that this lost energy should be recovered as much as possible and fuel and energy savings should be achieved. In the paper, the effects of variants such as air excess coefficient, flue gas temperature, boiler capacity and fuel consumption on the heat recovery from flue gas have been presented in detail. The heat recovery scenarios have been presented for reusing this waste energy for space heating, domestic hot water, and preheating combustion air and the applicability of these scenarios has been investigated in terms of thermodynamics and economics. According to the results of the study, in the second scenario examined to cover the domestic hot water need of the guest house building, the energy savings of the scenario can be provided during 20 years of economic life is $122,820.83, and it has the highest savings income among the scenarios. In addition, it is possible to recover approximately 50% of the flue gas loss with thanks to the scenario. On the other hand, the third scenario of heating the boiler combustion air with waste heat is the easiest and most economical scenario because its payback period is only one year, and there are no extra excavation and pipe costs.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Annual Trends of Precipitation and Temperature in the Northwestern Part of Turkey Using Innovative Approaches: A Holistic and Partial Study
Akçay, Fatma; Şan, Murat; Nacar, Sinan; Kankal, Murat
Trend analysis benefits collecting and analyzing reliable data in climate change studies. In this context, long-term temperature and precipitation data analysis, two variables sensitive to climate change, is essential. This study aims to holistically and partially determine the annual trends of precipitation and temperature time series for 1970–2019 at nine selected stations in the Susurluk Basin, Turkey. The innovative trend significance test (ITST), innovative crossing trend analysis (ICTA) method, and Mann-Kendall (MK) test were used to determine holistic trends. Also, partial trends were determined using successive average methodology (SAM). For the precipitation variable, while an increasing trend was determined for the ITST, there was mostly no trend for the other methods. While a strong increasing trend was detected for the temperature according to the ITST and MK methods, no trend was observed in any station according to the ICTA method. According to the SAM results, the maximum trend durations for the peak and trough change points were 4.9 (10.3) and 5.3 (8.4) years, respectively, for precipitation (temperature). The strong temperature trends in the basin will likely continue, requiring precautions against extreme events such as drought.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Avrupa birliği emisyon ticaret sistemi çerçevesinde kirleten öder ilkesi
Uğur, Candan Yılmaz
1970'li yıllarda tüketimin ön planda tutulduğu, çevre ile ekonomik kalkınma arasındaki doğal bağın göz ardı edildiği kontrolsüz bir kalkınma sürecinin farkına varılması, AB'de çevreye ve iklime duyarlı bir kalkınma planı arayışına yol açmıştır. BM İklim Değişikliği Çerçeve Sözleşmesi süreci ile başlayan ve daha sonra AB temel mevzuatına dahil edilen kirleten öder ilkesi, bu kapsamda uygulanmaya başlanmıştır. Bu çalışmada, AB iklim değişikliği politikaları kapsamında uygulanan kirleten öder ilkesi ele alınmaktadır. Kirleten öder ilkesi; AB'nin iklim değişikliği ile mücadelesi kapsamında ele alınacak ve karbon (CO2) emisyonlarının neden olduğu negatif dışsallıkların içselleştirilmesindeki rolü tartışılacaktır.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Biyogazla Birlikte Oluşan Diğer Ürünlerin Araştırılması
Saribiyik, Oguz Yunus
Gelişmekte olan ülkelerin enerji tüketimindeki yükselme atmosfere karbondioksit salınımını artırarak küresel ısınmaya sebep olmaktadır. Küresel ısınmaya bağlı olarak ortaya çıkan doğal afetler insanların yaşamlarını olumsuz yönde etkilediklerinden dolayı atmosfere karbondioksit salınımının kontrol altına alınıp sürdürülebilir hale getirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu sebeple fosil kökenli yakıtlara alternatif kaynaklarının araştırılması zorunlu hale gelmektedir. Rüzgâr enerjisi, biyodizel vb. gibi alternatif biyoyakıtlar içerisindeki alternatif enerji üretim yöntemlerinden birisi de biyogaz üretimidir. Biyogaz üretiminde uygun organik atıklar kullanılarak %35-45 CO2, %55-65 CH4 oranlarda biyogaz karışımı üretilirken eser miktarda CO, H2S, NH3 gibi diğer ürünlerde ortaya çıkmaktadır. Yapılan bu çalışmada biyogaz üretiminde kullanılan sıvı fazda bulunan toplam karbon miktarı, fenolik içerik miktarları, Azot(N), Fosfor(P2O5), Potasyum(K2O), pH, Hümik asit, Fülvik asit ve iletkenlik gibi değerlerin değişimi biyogaz üretimi öncesi ve sonrasında test edilerek belirlenmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlara göre N, P, K miktarlarında herhangi bir değişim ortaya çıkmazken pH değerinde yükselme, fenolik içerik, toplam karbon içeriği, iletkenlik, Hümik ve Fülvik asit içeriklerinde biyogaz üretim süreci sonrasında artış meydana geldiği gözlemlenmiştir.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2022Dizel motorlarda dimetil eter kullanımının hc emisyonlarına olan etkileri üzerine bir derleme çalışması
Sezer, İsmet
Bu çalışma, dizel motorlarda dimetil eter (DME)’in saf veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanımı üzerine yapılmış çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarından yararlanılarak derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmanın birkaç yöntemi vardır. Bunlardan ilki motor tasarımında ve yakıt enjeksiyon sisteminde modifikasyonlar yaparak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir, ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir yöntemdir. İkinci yöntem ise katalitik konvektör ve partikül fitresi gibi donanımlar kullanmaktır, ancak bu donanımlar motor performansını olumsuz yönde etkilerler. Hem egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmak hem de motor performansını artırmak için uygulanan son yöntem çeşitli alternatif yakıtların veya yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardaki en önemli emisyonlar azot oksitler (NOx) ve partikül maddelerdir (PM). Çoğu araştırmacı emisyonları azaltmanın en iyi yolunun doğalgaz, biyogaz, biyodizel gibi alternatif yakıtların veya konvansiyonel ve bu alternatif yakıtlarla birlikte çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılması olduğunu bildirmektedir. Bu nedenle, alternatif yakıtlar ve yakıt katkıları üzerine yapılan çalışmaların sonuçlarının birlikte değerlendirilmesi pratik uygulamalar için oldukça önemlidir. Alternatif yakıtlar arasında oksijen içerikli yakıtlar büyük ilgi çekmektedir. DME içeriğinde oksijen bulunması, setan sayısının yüksek olması ve diğer istenen yakıt özellikleri nedeniyle dizel motorlarda kullanılmaya oldukça elverişlidir. Bu nedenle sunulan derleme çalışması, dimetil eterin dizel motorlarda yakıt veya yakıt katkısı olarak kullanılmasının hidrokarbon (HC) emisyonlarına olan etkilerinin incelenmesine odaklanmıştır.
