Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Bayraktar, Alemdar(8)
- Kandemir, Raif(7)
- Eyuboglu, Yener(6)
- Memetoglu, M. E.(6)
- Santosh, M.(6)
- Chung, Sun-Lin(5)
- Kalkan, A.(5)
- Sevim, B.(5)
- Dokuz, Abdurrahman(4)
- Karsli, Orhan(4)
- Kaya, Ayberk(4)
- Kaygusuz, Abdullah(4)
- Merdan, Mehmet(4)
- Sevim, Bariş(4)
- Akpinar, Adem(3)
- Altunişik, Ahmet Can(3)
- Bayraktar, A.(3)
- Cetinkaya, A. S.(3)
- Ertas, G.(3)
- Ilyasoglu, Huri(3)
- Kankal, Murat(3)
- Kara, V.(3)
- Kement, Metin(3)
- Kurtcan, S.(3)
- Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan(3)
- Ozcelik, Beraat(3)
- Sayaslan, Abdulvahit(3)
- Talay, S.(3)
- Yildirim, Ahmet(3)
- Yolcu, Halil(3)
- Şen, Cüneyt(3)
- Akaryali, Enver(2)
- Alemdag, Selcuk(2)
- Alemdaǧ, Selçuk(2)
- Altunisik, Ahmet Can(2)
- Arslan, Mehmet(2)
- Atamtürktür, Sezer(2)
- Baltaci, Cemalettin(2)
- Bayram, Adem(2)
- Bektas, Osman(2)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Modelling and mapping third dimension in a spatial database
Döner, F.; Biyik, C.
In this paper, an overview of phases for modelling and mapping third dimension of spatial objects in a database is presented based on a selected spatial database management system (DBMS). These phases include (1) defining a spatial reference system for representing three-dimensional (3D) objects with real-world coordinates, (2) geometric modelling of 3D objects in the database, (3) 3D spatial indexing for fast accessing/querying the 3D data, 3D spatial queries and representation of 3D data. Then, a case study is performed to assess needs, possibilities and potential limitations of 3D data modelling in the spatial database.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Mild conditions for oxidation/epoxidation of styrene
Kazanci, A.; Saribiyik, O.Y.; Serin, S.
In this study, in order to obtain novel support materials for immobilization of transition metals, polymeric Schiff bases were synthesized using a poly-condensation reaction between ortho(o-)phthalaldehyde tere(t-)phthalaldehyde, oxaldehyde and diamines like, e.g., ethylene-p- phenylene- and o-phenylenediamine. Additionally, catalytic activity of polymeric Schiff base metal on oxidation/epoxidation of styrene complexes were investigated. The products have been characterized on the basis of analytical and spectral method, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, 1H- and 13C-nuclear magnetic resonance, gel-permeation chromatography, elemental analysis, thermogravimetric analysis, atomic adsorbtion spectrometry, gas chromatography and gas chromatography mass spectrometry.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Factors of land use/cover change: A case study from Turkey
Sivrikaya, Fatih; Çakir, Günay; Akay, Abdullah Emin
Land use/cover change impacts ecosystem services and functions such as forest health, biodiversity, and water production. Monitoring and assessing land use/cover changes provides an effective and accurate evaluation of human impact on the forest ecosystems. This study aims to determine spatial and temporal changes in land use/cover at a particular time period in a typical forest ecosystem of Turkey using geographical information systems (GIS). Specifically, the objective of this study is to analyze the main factors driving land use/cover change and the impacts of such changes in local and global perspective. Results showed that the total forested areas decreased from 5089 ha (41% of the study area) to 4426 ha (36% of the study area) during a 21 year period, which figures a net decrease of 663 ha (5%) forest areas and the average annual deforestation rate was 32 ha. Conifer forest (161 ha) completely transitioned to other cover types over 21-year period. Three major factors including distance from villages, distance from roads, and ground elevation were considered in evaluating forest disturbance. The results showed that these factors influence the reforestation/deforestation rates. Besides, forest disturbance was found to be closely related to distance from villages, distance from roads, and elevation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resections for mid or low rectal adenocarcinomas: A retrospective, comparative study
Gezen, Cem; Altuntas, Yunus E.; Kement, Metin; Okkabaz, Nuri; Bilici, Ahmet; Vural, Selahattin; Gumus, Mahmut; Oncel, Mustafa
BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic abdominoperineal resection (APR) has been seldom studied apart from low anterior resections, and deserves to be separately analyzed. This study aims to compare perioperative and oncological outcomes of laparoscopic and conventional APRs performed for the treatment of mid and low rectal adenocarcinomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients operated for primary mid or low rectal adenocarcinoma between 2001 and 2009 in our institution were retrospectively investigated. These data were abstracted and compared within conventional and laparoscopic resection groups: demographics, tumor and procedure-related parameters, perioperative results, early oncological outcomes, and survival. RESULTS: Demographics and tumor and procedure-related parameters were similar within the laparoscopic (n=31) and conventional (n=36) groups, except intraoperative bleeding and requirement for transfusion, which were significantly lower after laparoscopic APRs. Perioperative results including complication, reoperation, and 30-day mortality rates were identical. Early oncological results and 3-year survival rates were alike. CONCLUSIONS: The perioperative results and oncological outcomes are similar after laparoscopic and conventional APRs. As current data include limited number of patients in a retrospective design, further studies comparing laparoscopic and conventional APR techniques are required.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Nonlinear earthquake behaviour of highway tunnels
Sevim, B.
This paper describes the Arhavi Highway Tunnel which has two tubes, its geometrical properties, finite element model, and the nonlinear earthquake behaviour under a huge ground motion considering soil-structure interaction. The Arhavi Highway Tunnel is one of the tallest tunnels constructed in the Black Sea region of Turkey as part of the Coast Road Project. The tunnel has two tubes and each of them is about 1000 m tall. In the study, the modal analyses of the tunnel considering soil-structure interaction are performed and natural frequencies and mode shapes are obtained. Then, nonlinear transient analysis of the tunnel using Drucker-Prager criteria is performed applying acceleration components of 1992 Erzincan, Turkey earthquake's ground motion. In the time history analyses, Rayleigh damping coefficients are calculated using main natural frequency obtained from modal analysis. Element matrices are computed using the Gauss numerical integration technique. The Newmark method is used in the solution of the equation of motion. Because too much memory for the analyses is required, the first 7.5 s of the ground motions, which is the most effective duration, is taken into account in calculations. The displacement and stress results are observed to be the allowable level of the concrete material.
- MakaleAçık Erişim20114-[2-(Cyclohexa-1,4-dien-1-yl)ethoxy]-benzene-1,2-dicarbonitrile
Keleşoǧlu, Zeynep; Çelenk Kaya, Elif; Kaya, Afşin Ahmet; Kantekin, Halit; Büyükgüngör, Orhan
In the title compound, C16H14N2O, the dihedral angle between the aromatic rings is 70.23 (6)°. The linking chain has a zigzag conformation. In the crystal, molecules are linked by weak inter-molecular C - H⋯N hydrogen bonds, forming a zigzag chain along the c axis.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Effect of Turkish propolis extracts on proteome of prostate cancer cell line
Barlak, Yaşam; Deǧer, Orhan; Çolak, Meltem; Karatayli, Senem C.; Bozdayi, Abdurrahman M.; Yücesan, Fulya
Background: Propolis is a natural, resinous hive product that has several pharmacological activities. Its composition varies depending on the vegetation, climate, season and environmental conditions of the area from where it was collected. Surface enhanced laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (SELDI-TOF MS) is a proteomic approach which has been used in cancer proteomics studies. Prostate cancer is one of the most commonly diagnosed cancers in men. It has shown that nutritional supplements rich in polyphenolic compounds such as propolis play a significant role in prostate cancer chemoprevention. The aim of this study is to evaluate if protein expression profile in PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines could be differentiated when incubated with dimethyl sulfoxide and water extracts of Turkish propolis.Results: The antioxidant potentials of dimethyl sulfoxide and water extracts of propolis were found in correlation with the amount of total phenolic compounds of them. Dimethyl sulfoxide and water extracts of propolis of 20 μg/mL reduced the cell viability to 24.5% and 17.7%, respectively. Statistically significant discriminatory peaks between control PC-3 cells and dimethyl sulfoxide extract of propolis-treated PC-3 cells were found to be the proteomic features at m/z 5143, 8703, 12661, 20184 and 32794, detected by CM10 ProteinChip, and the peak at m/z 3772, detected by Q10 ProteinChip. Between control PC-3 cells and water extract of propolis-treated PC-3 cells, statistically significant discriminatory peaks were found to be the proteomic features at m/z 15846, 16052 and 24658, detected by CM10 ProteinChip and the peaks at m/z 10348, 10899 and 11603, detected by Q10 ProteinChip.Conclusions: It was concluded that dimethyl sulfoxide and water extracts of Turkish propolis may have anti-proliferative activity through differentiating protein expression profile in PC-3 prostate cancer cell lines along with their antioxidant capacity.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Arc magmatism as a window to plate kinematics and subduction polarity: Example from the eastern Pontides belt, NE Turkey
Eyuboglu, Yener; Santosh, M.; Bektas, Osman; Ayhan, Seda
The Eastern Pontides orogenic belt in the Black Sea region of Turkey offers a critical window to plate kinematics and subduction polarity during the closure of the Paleotethys. Here we provide a brief synthesis on recent information from this belt. We infer a southward subduction for the origin of the Eastern Pontides orogenic belt and its associated late Mesozoic-Cenozoic magmatism based on clear spatial and temporal variations in Late Cretaceous and Cenozoic arc magmatism, together with the existence of a prominent south-dipping reverse fault system along the entire southern coast of the Black Sea. Our model is at variance with some recent proposals favoring a northward subduction polarity, and illustrates the importance of arc magmatism in evaluating the geodynamic milieu associated with convergent margin processes.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011The relationship between the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma 2 gene polymorphism, lipids and adipokines in patients with major depression; [Majör depresyonlu hastalarda peroksizom çoǧaltici-aktive edici reseptör gama 2 gen polimorfizmi, lipidler ve adipokinlerle ilişkisi]
Aliyazicioglu, Rezzan; Deǧer, Orhan; Vanizor Kural, Birgül; Hocaoǧlu, Çiçek; Çolak, Meltem; Balaban Yücesan, Fulya
Objective: Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), lipids, lipoproteins, and adipokines have recently been shown to be associated with psychiatric diseases. Our major aim is to investigate the contribution of the PPARγ gene polymorphism, adipokines, lipids, and lipoproteins to the development of major depression. Material and Methods: The frequency of Pro12Ala in exon 2 and C478T in exon 6 of the PPARγ gene, lipids and adipokines in major depression (n = 78) and control subjects (n= 64) were analyzed. Genotypes of PPARy gene polymorphisms were examined. Serum leptin, adiponectin, and resistin were studied by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serum apo A1, apo B, and Lp(a) levels were determined by immunonephelometry. Serum total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL-cholesterol and LDL-cholesterol levels were analyzed by enzymatic methods. Results: The genotypes of exon 2 and exon 6 distribution did not differ between the control subjects and patients with major depression. Frequencies of genotypes of Pro12Ala, and Ala12Ala in exon 2 in overweight and obese patients with major depression were higher than those of overweight and obese controls. C478T polymorphism was highest in overweight and obese patients with major depression. Pro12Ala and Ala12Ala genotypes in exon 2 of PPARγ gene in patients were found to be associated with triglyceride and HDL-cholesterol. There were significant differences regarding glucose, total cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, apo B, Lp(a), adiponectin and resistin levels between patient and control subjects. Conclusion: PPARγ exon gene polymorphisms, alterations in lipid profile and adipokines may be associated with the development of major depression.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Kinetics and isotherm analysis of basic dyes adsorption onto almond shell (Prunus dulcis) as a low cost adsorbent
Duran, Celal; Ozdes, Duygu; Gundogdu, Ali; Senturk, Hasan Basri
The feasibility of using an agricultural byproduct, almond shell (Prunus dulcis), as an adsorbent in removal of basic dyes, namely, methylene blue (MB), methyl violet (MV), and toluidine blue O (TB), were evaluated in a batch adsorption process. The adsorption characteristics of MB, MV, and TB onto almond shell (AS) were investigated with respect to the changes in initial pH of dye solutions, contact time, initial dye concentration, and temperature. The dye adsorption equilibria were rapidly attained after 30 min of contact time. The adsorption kinetics were analyzed using pseudofirst-order, pseudosecond-order, Elovich, and intraparticle diffusion models and the adsorption data were well described by the pseudosecond-order model. The equilibrium adsorption data were interpreted in terms of the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R) isotherm models. The monolayer adsorption capacity of AS was found to be 51.02 mg·g-1 for MB, 76.34 mg·g-1 for MV, and 72.99 mg·g-1 for TB by using the Langmuir model equation. The thermodynamic parameters proved that the present adsorption process was feasible, spontaneous and endothermic in nature in the temperature range of (5 to 40) °C.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Operating regimes of the government: Accounting and accountability changes in the sultan süleyman waqf of the ottoman empire (the 1826 experience)
Yayla, Hilmi Erdoǧan
Following Foucauldian accounting research, this article analyzes the relationship between accounting changes and "governmentality" practices by examining the accounting and accountability changes in the Sultan Süleyman Waqf of the Ottoman Empire in accordance with the restructuring regulations of Evkaf-i{dotless} Humayun Nezareti, established in 1826 for the purpose of the centralization of waqfs. It is argued that accounting was a technique in the hands of the Ottoman government that facilitated the translation of imperial objectives of the 1826 regulation into practice, the formation of the waqf in tune with government's desired outcomes, and the construction of governable bodies, as well as providing a controlling device from a distance (Latour, 1987; Miller & Rose, 1990). This article also aims to show how accounting and accountability techniques were used to make people calculable in the organizational spaces of an Islamic state standing in history (Foucault, 1991a). Thus, this article adds to the Foucauldian understanding of the role and functioning of accounting by examining a non-western oriented setting.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Late Triassic subduction-related ultramafic-mafic magmatism in the Amasya region (eastern Pontides, N. Turkey): Implications for the ophiolite conundrum in Eastern Mediterranean
Eyuboglu, Yener; Santosh, M.; Bektas, Osman; Chung, Sun-Lin
The eastern Pontides orogenic belt of northeastern Turkey offers critical clues on convergent margin tectonics associated with the late Mesozoic-early Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean region. Here we report the geology, petrology, geochemistry, Nd-Sr-Pb isotopes and U-Pb zircon ages from a ultramafic-mafic complex in Aksalur which forms part of a series of Alaskan-type ultramafic-mafic bodies in the Amasya region located at the south-western corner of the eastern Pontides orogenic belt. These ultramafic-mafic intrusions occur as minor (30-300m in diameter), scattered, roughly circular bodies within the low-grade metamorphic rocks of the Tokat metamorphic massif. Petrographic studies characterise the rock types as gabbro and wehrlite, with the latter showing typical cumulate texture and mainly comprising serpentinized olivine, clinopyroxene, hornblende, mica and opaque minerals. The gabbroic rocks are characterized by relatively high initial ratios of 143Nd/144Nd (0.512618-0.512633) and low initial ratios of 87Sr/86Sr (0.70420-0.70435). Their initial Pb isotope ratios range from 17.306 to 17.771. The gabbros and cumulate wehrlites display geochemical distribution patterns analogous to the Alaskan-type intrusions that were derived from a subduction-related, high-alumina, hydrous basaltic parental magma in a convergent plate setting. LA-ICPMS analyses of zircons separated from the gabbros show high Th/U ratios (1.35-5.26) typical of magmatic origin. The U-Pb isotopic data define a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 203.3±4.9Ma. Detailed evaluation of the magma tectonics suggests that the Alaskan-type Aksalur ultramafic-mafic intrusions were accumulated in magma chamber(s) located at relatively shallow crustal levels. Two distinct magmatic pulses are identified: the first phase produced the gabbroic intrusions and the second phase was characterized by numerous small-scale werhlitic cumulate intrusions. In contrast to the previous models which assigned a mid-oceanic ridge-derived ophiolite affinity for ultramafic-mafic complexes in the eastern Pontides orogenic belt, our study reveals that these intrusions were derived from subduction-related high-alumina hydrous basaltic magmas transferred into the overlying relatively thin continental crust along deep-seated fractures.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Cultivar characterization of Aegean olive oils with respect to their volatile compounds
Ilyasoglu, Huri; Ozcelik, Beraat; Hoed, Vera Van; Verhe, Roland
Cultivar characterization of Aegean olive oils (cv. Ayvalik and Memecik) based on their volatile compounds was carried out. The main volatile compounds detected in the Aegean olive oils were the C6 compounds derived from polyunsaturated fatty acids through the lipoxygenase pathway. The C6 aldehydes and C6 alcohols contributing to the green and fruity sensory notes of olive oil were determined in the Aegean olive oils as the major volatile compounds. Significant differences in the levels of hexanal, (E)-2-hexenal, 3-ethyl-1,5-octadiene and total compounds from linolenic acid were observed between Ayvalik and Memecik oils (p < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) and linear discriminant analysis (LDA) were applied to process the experimental data. The results of the chemometric analysis revealed that the two cultivars were clearly discriminated on the PC1-PC3 planes and LDA produced a 100% correct group classification.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011Environmental problems from the open dump in Gümüşhane Province and investigation of biological recycling for the organic solid wastes
Nas, S. Serkan; Bayram, Adem; Gokcekus, H; Turker, U; LaMoreaux, JW
This paper presents a general overview of current municipal waste management in Gümüşhane Province. Both the drawbacks of present disposal method are discussed and solution proposals are submitted. The solid waste samples, one sample in every week and total fifty two samples in a year, were taken from the municipal solid waste open dumping area during a year, 2004 March-2005 February. Compostable organic parts of the samples, separated from the mixed municipal solid waste, were analyzed in order to determine the suitability of composting for the disposal of municipal solid wastes in Gümüshane. The moisture content, C/N ratio and pH for all samples were determined and evaluated. The values with high moisture content being 78% (74% in spring, 83% in summer, and 78% in autumn and 77% in winter), relatively low C/N ratio being 21.6/1 (22.2/1 in spring, 16.2/1 in summer, 23.7/1 in autumn and 27.5/1 in winter), and low pH being 4.73 (5.50 in spring, 4.25 in summer, 4.45 in autumn and 4.72 in winter) disclose that composting of the organic wastes aren't suitable.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Alternative gaseous fuels in port fuel injection spark ignition engines
Sezer, I.
This paper investigates the use of alternative gaseous fuels in port fuel injection spark ignition engines via the Lotus engine simulation program. To this end, the engine model for a port fuel injection spark ignition engine was designed, and engine performance was determined separately for gasoline and alternative gaseous fuels, i.e. compressed natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas. According to the results, brake thermal efficiency increases while engine performance and fuel consumption decrease with methane and propane when compared to gasoline under the same conditions. While a slight increase in the fuel/air equivalence ratio of gaseous fuels improves the engine performance, fuel consumption remains almost stable. Another factor that enhances engine performance is the increasing compression ratio for methane and propane. In this manner, performance values that are closer/equal to gasoline are achieved. Under these conditions, fuel consumption decreases notably, while significant increases are observed in brake thermal efficiency.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011Stable difference schemes for fractional parabolic PDE
Ashyralyev, Allaberen; Cakir, Zafer; Simos, TE
The stable difference schemes for the multidimensional fractional parabolic equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are presented. Stability estimates and almost coercive stability estimates with ln 1/τ+|h| for the solution of these difference schemes are obtained. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving these difference schemes of one-dimensional fractional parabolic partial differential equations.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Preventive and protective effects of turkish propolis on H 2O 2-induced DNA damage in foreskin fibroblast cell lines
Aliyazicioglu, Yuksel; Demir, S.; Turan, I.; Cakiroglu, Tugba; Akalin, I.; Deger, O.; Bedir, A.
The aim of the present study was to evaluate the potential of Turkish propolis extracts if they prevent or protect foreskin fibroblast cells against hydrogen peroxide (H 2O 2)-induced oxidative DNA damage. Hydrogen peroxide (40 μM) was used as an inducer of oxidative DNA damage. The damage of DNA was evaluated by using the alkaline single cell gel electrophoresis (comet) assay. Turkish propolis extracts at concentrations of 25, 50, 75 and 100 μg/ml were prepared by ethanol. Anti-genotoxicity was assessed before, simultaneously, and after treatment of propolis extract (50 μg/ml) with H 2O 2. The results showed a significant decrease in H 2O 2-induced DNA damage in cultures treated with propolis extract. The antioxidant activity of phenolic components found in propolis may contribute to reduce the DNA damage induced by H 2O 2. Our findings confirmed the chemopreventive activity of propolis and showed that this effect may occur under different mechanisms.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011The effect of antifreeze admixtures on compressive strength of concretes subjected to frost action
Arslan, Metin; Çullu, Mustafa; Durmuş, Gökhan
This study aims to determine the effect of antifreeze admixture used in the concretes subjected to frost action on the concrete compressive strength. Three groups of concrete samples of C30 class were prepared with antifreeze admixtures by using the mixture of 30% calcium nitrate and 5% hydroxy ethoxy amin (A), calcium nitrate (B), Polyhydroxy amine (C). Concrete samples are put in the freezer in a fresh state 15 min after the mixing. Samples are subjected to frost action in 0, -5, -10, -15 and -20°C degrees for 48 hours. On the concrete samples water cured after 48 hours, compressive strength tests of 28 day are conducted. Consequently, it is seen that with the increase of the set temperature that concrete is cured, compressive strength of concrete is decreased and among all types of antifreezes the maximum decrease is seen between 0 and -5°C while the decrease in compressive strength is relatively less for -10, -15 and -20°C.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Heat and drought resistance criteria in spring bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): Morpho-physiological parameters for heat tolerance
Bahar, Bilge; Yildirim, Mehmet; Yucel, Cemal
This study was aimed at evaluating some morpho-physiological parameters such as stomatal conductance (gs), canopy temperature (CT), canopy temperature depression (CTD) and stay green duration (SGD) in terms of heat tolerance. For this purpose, trials designed according to randomized complete blocks were conducted with twenty-four spring bread wheat genotypes as three replicated in the Research and Application Area of Field Crops Department of Agricultural Faculty of Cukurova University in 2002 to 2003 and 2003 to 2004 growth seasons. The measurements of gs were made at two different dates at heading stage in 2003 to 2004 growth season. CT was measured at two growth stages (late milky and soft dough) in 2002 to 2003 (first) season and it was also measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in 2003 to 2004 (second) season. CTD was measured at two different hours at the complete heading stage in the second season. The other morpho- physiological parameter was SGD, which was determined in the first growth season. As a result: (1) The high gs values were observed at both measuring dates even though there was no significant differences among the genotypes; (2) CT showed significant differences except T2 measurement in 2003 to 2004 season, yet significant negative correlations were found between CT and grain yield (GY) in 2003 to 2004 season and in general mean; (3) Despite not being significant differences among the genotypes, a strong positive correlation was found between CTD and GY; (4) In spite of the fact that genotypes did not show any statistical differences, it was found that SGD had a negative significant correlation with CT but positive non-significant correlation with GY. It is concluded from assessments of all physiological traits that such genotypes as Kauz/Altar 84//Ads, Varona Cno 79, Mon's'/Ald's'//Bow's' and WL6718 can be high yielding even if under heat stressed conditions, and can be used as gene pool in wheat breeding programs for tolerance to heat stress.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Application of cattle manure, zeolite and leonardite improves hay yield and quality of annual ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under semiarid conditions
Yolcu, Halil; Seker, Hayati; Gullap, M. Kerim; Lithourgidis, Anastasios; Gunes, Adem
A field experiment was conducted under semiarid conditions to investigate the effect of cattle manure (20 and 40 t ha -1), zeolite (250, 500 and 750 kg ha -1), and leonardite (250, 500 and 750 kg ha -1) applications on hay yield and nutrient quality of annual ryegrass. Application of manure, leonardite, and zeolite increased ryegrass hay yield by 4, 24 and 47%, respectively compared with the control. In all fertilizer levels, the crude protein (CP) content was greater than the control and increased as the level of each fertilizer was increased. Most fertilizer treatments (except from the first level of cattle manure) gave higher CP yield than the control. All fertilizers increased the content of K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn and B of ryegrass hay as compared with the control, whereas they had no significant effect on Cu and Zn content. The content of most minerals increased as the amount of manure and leonardite applications increased. In conclusion, all fertilizers (especially zeolite) showed great potential for use in organic agriculture as they can improve plant growth and soil conditions in the long term.