Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Dünyada ve türkiye’de uygulanan kamusal sosyal içerikli harcamalar ve türkiye açısından bir değerlendirme

    Günaydın, İhsan; Yıldız, Barış

    Yoksulluk, çok boyutlu bir sorun olduğu için bu sorunla mücadele birçok aracın kullanımını gerektirmektedir. Bu araçlardan en önemlisinin kamusal sosyal içerikli harcamalar olduğu söylenebilir. Birçok alt kalemden oluşan bu harcamaların her biri ayrı bir çalışma konusu yapılacak önemde ve içeriktedir. Çalışmada dünyada ve Türkiye'de yoksullukla mücadelede kullanılan kamusal sosyal içerikli harcamalar incelenmiştir. Bu tedbirlerin Türkiye'de kullanılanları performanslarını, işleyişlerini ve etkililiklerini görebilmek amacıyla öznel olarak analiz edilmeye çalışılmıştır. Yapılan bu analizlerle, kamusal sosyal içerikli harcamaların Türkiye'de yoksullukla mücadelede etkili birer araç oldukları, ancak bu harcamaların hala yeterli ve verimli kullanılamadığı sonucuna varılmıştır

  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Modernliğin romantik eleştirisi: george lukács’ın roman kuramı’nda romantik antikapitalizm

    Akkanat, Salih

    Romantik antikapitalizm modern toplum ve uygarlık düşüncesine karşı ortaya çıkan bir dünya görüşü ya da eleştirel bir tutum olarak tanımlanabilir. Romantik antikapitalizm sadece sol ve özgürlükçü ideolojilerin modernlik eleştirisini ifade etmez; aynı zamanda sağ ideolojilerin protestolarının önemli bileşenlerini de içine alır. Bu durum romantizm sözcüğünün endüstriyel kapitalist modernleşmenin toplumsal, siyasal ya da psikolojik sonuçlarına tepki duyan kesimlerin dayanak noktalarının birçoğunu içermesinden kaynaklanır. Bu bağlamda romantizm, kendiliğindenlik, doğalcılık, dayanışmacılık, kolektivizm ya da cemaatçilik gibi değerleri modernliğin bireycilik, şeyleşme ya da yabancılaşma kültürünün karşısına çıkarır. Modernliğin romantik eleştirisi özellikle Almanya'da "devrimci muhafazakârlık" olarak adlandırılan bir düşünce akımının canlanmasına yol açmış olmasına rağmen bazı Marksist ve Anarşist akımlarla birleşerek demokratik ve özgürlükçü yanları öne çıkan bir sentez de doğurmuştur. George Lukács'ın Roman Kuramı Weberci Marksizm olarak adlandırılan bu sentezin ana hatlarını sergilemek bakımından önem taşır ve Batı Marksizmi'nin en güçlü özelliğini oluşturan bir kültür ve uygarlık eleştirisi olarak şekillenmesinde romantizmin etkisini ortaya koyar

  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    The effects of personal use of tv commercials on attitude and purchasing decisions: a case study on university students

    Yildiz, Salih; Durmus, Ibrahim

    The purpose of this study is to determine the affects of knowledge production, social role and pleasure on attitude and buying decision. For this purpose, In the study, the simple sampling random method was applied to 688 face-to-face interviews to students from Atatürk university, Gümüşhane university and Bayburt university in which 13 surveys were deemed invalid and thus eliminated, resulting in a total of 675 surveys being evaluated. According to the results of structural equation modeling analysis knowledge production, social role and pleasure have negative effects on attitudes towards advertisings. Buying decisions of consumers having negative attitudes is also affected negatively. In contrast to this results, in literture generally it is found that knowledge production, social role and pleasure affect positively attitudes towards advertisings. Also attitudes towards advertising affect positively buying decision. From this point, it is thought that the study gives a different perspective to the literature

    AtıfTR Dizin1
    TR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Pakistan ombudsmanı: yapısal - kurumsal ve işlevsel yönleri

    Doğan, Kadir Caner

    Ombudsman, genel anlamıyla kamu yönetimine ait bir kavramdır ve hak ve yetki ihlaline uğrayan vatandaşların devlet kurumları karşısında savunuculuğunu ve koruyuculuğunu yapmaktadır. Ayrıca ombudsman, kamu yönetimi ve vatandaşlar arasında iletişim görevi de gören bir arabulucudur. Dolayısıyla ombudsman, vatandaşlar ve kamu yönetimi arasında ortaya çıkan sorunları gidermeye çalışmaktadır. Dünyanın tüm kıtalarında farklı devlet düzeylerinde uygulama alanı bulan ombudsman, Asya'da da uygulanmaktadır. Ombudsman öncelikle Avrupa'da ortaya çıkmış ve oradan da dünyanın diğer kısımlarına yayılmıştır. Bu makalenin amacı, Asya'dan Pakistan Ombudsmanı'nın yapısal-kurumsal ve işlevsel yönlerine bağlı olarak bilgi verilmesidir. Bu sayede de ombudsmanın Pakistan demokrasisi ve kamu yönetimi açısından yeri, yararları ve önemi üzerinde durulmak istenmektedir

    AtıfTR Dizin1
    TR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    In verse menaqıb and şemail of nakşî’s sâdât: mustafâ fevzî efendi’s masnavi named “hilye-i sâdât”

    Kiremitçi, Ferdi

    This article aims to introduce the masnavi named “Hilye-i Sâdât” of Mustafâ Fevzî Efendi. The article consists of entrance and four sections that follow it. In the introduction part, "hilye, menaqipname, sâdât, silsile" concepts are emphasized and some information about Nakşî sect and Sâdât’s range accepted in this cult are given. In the first part of the article, Mustafâ Fevzî Efendi’s life and works are mentioned. The author has completed the his own training at a young age and he has served for many years on religion in the Nakşî sect complying Ahmed Ziyâü’d-dîn-i Gümüşhânevî and Hasan Hilmî Efendi from Kastamonu. Mustafâ Fevzî Efendi has writen all his works in verse and he has pressed by different names the major part of his work named "Risâle-i Ziyâiyye" which is his own manuscript. In the second part of the article, “Hilye-i Sâdât” is introduced and it’s copy description and writing cause-history are presented to the attention. The work is designed as the third part of “Risâle-i Ziyâiyye” but it hasn’t been printed in the author’s health. The sole copy of the work is located in the personal library of Numan Erdem who is grandson of Mustafâ Fevzî Efendi. In the third part of the article, the sections and content features of “Hilye-i Sâdât” are mentioned. Cebrail who is the angel revelation and thirty-two ring that extending up to Hz. Ebû Bekir of Nakşî’s range are explained in the work that consists of thirty-three sections. The lifes, tales and physical features of persons are refered in this parts. The fourth section of the article is includes the shapes and wording features of “Hilye-i Sâdât”. “Fâ’ilâtün fâ’ilâtün fâ’ilün” mold of aruz is used in the work that is writen in the masnavi verse form. The work is written in simple and fluent language in general

    AtıfTR Dizin1
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Comprehension of Heliocentric Cosmos Model: What Did Copernicus, Kepler and Galilei Change?

    Özsoy, Seda

    Copernicus’ views on heliocentric cosmos model did alternate the geocentric cosmos modelthat accepted both in Ancient Age and ruled its continuity in the Middle Age.As it is well-known, Copernicus’ views on this topic founded its primary core in Kepler’s and Galilei’s theories. In this paper, it is going to be analyzedthe revolutionary transformation of geocentric cosmos model versus heliocentric cosmos model in the context of these great scientist via focusing on Copernicus’ apprehension of cosmos.

    AtıfTR Dizin2
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  • Proje2015
    Canca (Gümüşhane) alterasyon sahasında toprak ve bitki jeokimyası çalışmaları ile altın potansiyelinin araştırılması

    Vural, Alaaddin

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Yeni kamu yönetimi ve etik anlayışının türk kamu yönetiminde kurumsallaşması: kamu görevlileri

    Doğan, Kadir Caner

    Dünyada 1980'li yıllardan sonra küreselleşme, neo-liberalizm ve yeni kamu yönetimi anlayışına bağlı olarak siyasi, ekonomik, hukuksal ve kültürel alanlarda çok önemli değişimler ve dönüşümler meydana gelmiştir. Nitekim 1980 yılından sonra klasik kamu yönetimi, yeni kamu yönetimi hareketi olarak adlandırılan anlayış tarafından birçok noktada eleştirilmiş ve bu anlayış, kamu yönetimi alanında büyük kabul görmüştür. Yeni kamu yönetiminin temel ilkeleri arasında; "açıklık, hesap verebilirlik, demokratiklik, etkinlik ve verimlilik, yerinden yönetimcilik, özerklik ve etik değer ve ilkelerin yerleşmesi" gibi konular yer almaktadır. Bu bağlamda yeni kamu yönetiminin temel ilkelerinden biri olan etik kural ve değerlerin yeni kamu dönemi ile önemi artmıştır. Türkiye'de de 1980 yılı sonrasında dünyadaki küreselleşmenin ve kapitalizmin yaşamış olduğu dönüşüme bağlı olarak dünya devletleri ile aynı düzeyde değişimler ve reformlar gerçekleşmiştir. Dolayısıyla Türk kamu yönetimi de bu değişimden etkilenerek esnek ve piyasa tabanlı olarak yeniden yapılandırılmaya çalışılmıştır. Bu değişim ve dönüşüm sürecinde Türk kamu yönetiminin önem verdiği ve uygulamaya koyduğu alanlardan biri de etik konusudur. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı da 1980'li yıllardan sonra yeni kamu yönetimi hareketi çerçevesinde, Türk kamu yönetiminin etik konusunda verdiği mücadelenin, dönüşümün veya kurumsallaşma düzeyinin 2004 tarihli bir yasal düzenlemeye bağlı olarak kurulan "Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu" üzerinden değerlendirilmesidir. Bu bağlamda çalışma, esas olarak Türkiye'de yeni kamu yönetimi ve etik arasındaki ilişkiyi "Kamu Görevlileri Etik Kurulu" ile örneklemektedir

    AtıfTR Dizin2
    TR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    A study on children’s political personality in their adulthood in the context of characters which they have in the games

    Güllüpunar, Hasan

    Although socialization which can be defined as a process continuing from birth to death causes to important alterations in every stage of life, researches reveal that childhood become a substantial factor in the context of formation of adult personality. Childhood games are an important part of socialization process like family, school, entourage, corporate and non-corporate communication environments. In these games, positions, rules and responsibilities can be stated as some of the factors effecting formation of personality. This study deals with the impacts of the characters in the games played in childhood on the political attitudes and behaviours in adulthood. In accordance with this purpose, a survey is conducted in Gumushane University Faculty of Communication. In this study, four factors are determined in the context of game characters in childhood. These factors are “the character who likes the group games”, “compatible and tolerant character”, and “passive character”, and “confrontational character”. One of the most important conclusions revealed in analysis realized between these factors and political attitudes /behaviours is that individuals having the “confrontational character” in childhood games are more likely political than the others in their adulthood. Accordingly, this study reveals that “confrontational character” in childhood games increases the attention to politics, desires to participate in politics, and oneself defining of individual as leader, and tendency to radical ideologies. None the less, it is concluded that passive character has a reverse effect

    AtıfTR Dizin2
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Fazlurrahman's criticisms on the orientalists’ comprehensions in the some basic subjects of the quran

    Kayhan, Mustafa

    In this article, it had been taken the critique that he put down on the orientalists' in the basic subjects of the Quran by Fazlurrahman. He also had been criticized by Muslim scholars in generally. But, the interesting subject is that he also criticized the orientalists’. There had been done no much research about this item. For eliminating this lack, we take attention his critiques a few points related both Quran and its commentary in his book named Quran with basic subjects. Because, he had mentioned in his book as the main subjects of Quran like God, man as person, man in society, the prophecy and revelation, nature, devil and demon. In this context, he also had criticized some ideas and thoughts have claimed by orientalists’ about these subjects. Otherwise, we aim to be introduced this scholar by this direction for future generations who had witnessed twentieth century. Fazlurrahman's critiques for orientalists' are important in two points. The first thing is that he can read books of foreigners on their own languages and the original books and criticize them. And the second thing is he can read the basic books of its own religious in his own language that is Arabic. This both feature give him an opportunity to criticize and judge the orientalists thoughts and books in the hardest way. Therefore we think it’s necessary his critiques known and put them the academic area. In addition to, the people who come into new religious all over the world because of they cannot take a chance to learn the language of religion and to reach the resources, so first book they read will be the books written by the orientalist on their own language. These people read such as complicated and suspicious books are not good for them. Then, Fazlurrahman's thoughts and critiques, including value judgments about these books and in which points they are helpful or harmful, will be come into quite prominence. Thus, it is a matter giving hope to see his very serious position against the western’s encyclopedic, academic and politic orientalism. STRUCTURED ABSTRACT

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Nutritive Value of Sunflower Silages Ensiled with Corn or Alfalfa at Different Rate

    Tan, Mustafa; Yolcu, Halil; Dumlu Gul, Zeynep

    Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) having shorter growing season, better cold tolerant and more drought resistant is important alternative silage plant in highlands. But it has poor silage quality. To improve the quality of sunflower silage can be mixed an appropriate amount of corn (Zea mays L.) and alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.). This research was carried out to evaluate quality characteristics of nine silage types: Sunflower, corn and alfalfa silages; plus their some mixtures silages (75% sunflower + 25% corn, 50% sunflower + 50% corn, 25% sunflower + 75% corn, 75% sunflower + 25% alfalfa, 50% sunflower + 50% alfalfa and 25% sunflower + 75% alfalfa); at two harvest stages: Beginning of flowering for sunflower and alfalfa and milk-dough stage for corn (early stage), and end of flowering stage for sunflower and alfalfa, and dough stage for corn (late stage). The experimental design was in a factorial arrangement of randomized complete block with replicated four times. Dry matter content (DM), crude protein content (CP), neutral detergent fiber content (NDF), acid detergent fiber content (ADF), silage pH and physical characteristics (PC) of silages were determined in this study. Mixing of alfalfa in NDF, ADF and CP and corn in DM, pH and PC had positively effect in sunflower silages. Late stage had positively affected DM, PC and pH for silage. Consequently, sunflower silages mixed with corn, with the condition of not being less than 50% at late stage, are recommended for farmers.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfWoS9OpenAlex7TR Dizin4
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    Taxation of Household Solid Waste: A Critical Perspective to the Sanitation Tax in Turkey in the Context of Benefit Principle

    Sentürk, Suat Hayri; Eser, Levent Yahya; Polat, Sedat

    Sanitation tax (ST) being implemented in Turkey is insufficient to establish taxbenefit relationship as tariff structure. The purpose of this study is to reveal the inadequacy of the current ST system applied in houses and to establish a link between sanitation tax and solid waste within the scope of benefit principle. For this purpose household solid waste was evaluated in the context of benefit principle afterthat, some country examples and ST applied in Turkey were analyzed. In this study, it is determined that the ST is not based on the benefit principle and various suggestions are made in this context.

    AtıfTR Dizin6
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2015
    How does Globalization Affect Economic Growth Across Different Income Group Countries?

    Hayaloglu, Pinar; Kalayci, Cemalettin; Artan, Seyfettin

    Economic, social, and political effects of globalization, which accelerated by the impact of developments in information and communication technologies, have been in the lead of much discussed subjects recently. Various globalization indices have been used in the literature for measuring the globalization's level and effects. This study uses consisting of KOF globalization index, which consist of economic, social, and political sub-indices. The study analyzed effects of globalization on economic growth by using panel data analysis for high, upper middle, lower middle and low income countries over the period 1995-2011. According to the results, the effects of globalization on economic growth have differentiated in terms of countries' development level. The result has not changed on using the subcomponent of globalization index.

    AtıfWoS4TR Dizin18
    Web of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015
    INVESTIGATION OF MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF MAGNETO-RHEOLOGICAL ETHYLENE PROPYLENE DIENE MONOMER AND NATURAL RUBBER TYPE SYNTHETIC RUBBERS FOR BOTH ISOTROPIC AND ANISOTROPIC SITUATIONS

    Mazlum, Ugur; Gümrük, Recep

    Magneto-rheological (MR) materials are in a smart material class that has the rheological properties to be quickly and reversibly controlled with the external magnetic field applications. Considering the technological developments the rubber-like smart materials has had a more functional usage area with magneto-rheological effect. This study investigates the axial mechanical properties of magneto-rheological Ethylene Propylene Diene Monomer (EPDM) and Natural Rubber (NR) type synthetic rubbers for isotropic and anisotropic situations. Also, these composite materials were built by means of hot press systems as either isotropic or anisotropic using magnetic field application after addition of ferromagnetic powders. The influence of magnetic field was investigated. In this study, NR rubber was found to be more susceptible in terms of smart material properties unlike EPDM synthetic rubber.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Optimization of electrical power transmission lines' routing using AHP, fuzzy AHP, and GIS

    Eroʇlu, Hasan; Aydin, Musa

    With the increase of people's need for energy, electrical energy transmission has become a very important issue as well as electrical power generation. One of the most important problems in energy transmission is finding the best route in a very complex study area. To date, many people from different disciplines have come together to find the best routes by manual methods like using paper maps and deciding which route is the least-cost path (LCP) to the destination point. Today it is known that, in engineering problems, and especially in path-finding or site-placing problems, the Geographic Information System (GIS) is the most powerful tool. On the other hand, as finding the best route is a very complicated problem and many criteria should be considered, including slope, landslide, road/railway/pipeline crossing, ice zones, distances to roads, national parks, archaeological areas, residential areas forests, and river crossings, multicriteria decision methods like the analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and fuzzy analytic hierarchy process (FAHP) should be used to make the most accurate decisions. In this study, the AHP and FAHP are used to weight criteria relevant to energy transmission line (ETL) routing. According to the criteria, digital maps of the sample study area are edited, weighted, converted to raster-based format, and gathered using the Environmental Systems Research Institute's ArcGIS Desktop 10 software. After generation of the weighted surface map, the LCP tool is used to find the best route. By selecting different start and end points in the sample study area, accuracy and performance of the best routes according to the LCP algorithm are assessed and some problems of the routes for ETL routing are presented. With this study, mistakes by manual methods will decrease in ETL routing and other routing problems.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    AtıfScopus27WoS23OpenAlex40TR Dizin2
    ScopusWeb of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Comparison of perioperative oxidative stress in endovascular and open repair of abdominal aortic aneurysm

    Doğan, Orhan Veli; Menteşe, Ümit; Doğan, Süheyla; Usta, Sefer; Turan, İbrahim; Haliloğlu, Ergün; Karahan, Süleyman Caner

    Background/aim: To investigate the differences in perioperative oxidative stress (OS) in abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) patients treated with either endovascular repair (EVAR) or open repair (OR).; Materials and methods: Twenty patients (11 OR, 9 EVAR) treated for AAA with no known malignant or inflammatory disease and an aneurysm diameter of over 5 cm and no rupture were included in the study. Blood samples were obtained preoperatively, during aortic occlusion, and 1 h and 24 h after reperfusion. Total antioxidant status (TAS), total oxidative stress (TOS), and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured and oxidative stress index (OSI) was calculated.; Results: OSI at 1 h and 24 h after reperfusion was higher in the EVAR group (P = 0.004 and P = 0.002, respectively). TAS levels were higher (P = 0.001, P = 0,029). MDA levels showed no difference (P = 0.291, P = 0.076). TOS levels were lower 24 h after reperfusion in the EVAR group (P = 0.018). Conclusion: Markers of oxidative stress were lower in the EVAR group. This may be associated with advantages of EVAR. More studies are required for a clear-cut conclusion.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfScopus2WoS2OpenAlex1
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Effects of Turkish propolis on expression of hOGG-1 and NEIL-1

    Turan, İbrahim; Değer, Orhan; Aliyazicioğlu, Yüksel; Demir, Selim; Kilinç, Kağan; Sümer, Ayşegül

    Background/aim: Propolis is a bee product with antioxidative, antimutagenic, and other beneficial properties, and it is used as a natural drug. It is rich in polyphenolic compounds. Its composition varies depending on the particular geographical region. Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalanced free radical production and antioxidant system. The effects of flavonoids on the expression of DNA repair enzymes have been examined previously; however, no study has investigated the effects of propolis. This study investigated the effects of ethanolic extracts of Turkish propolis (EEP) on the expression of DNA repair enzymes. Materials and methods: The effects of EEP and tertiary-butyl-hydroperoxide (t-BHP) on cell viability were determined using MTT. DNA damage was determined using comet assay. mRNA expression of target enzymes was detected using RT-PCR. Results: According to the cytotoxicity analysis, after a recovery time of 4 h, appropriate damage agent t-BHP and optimum EEP concentrations were 300 µM and 200 µg/mL, respectively. 8-Oxoguanine-glycosylase (hOGG-1) and endonuclease-VIII-like-1 (NEIL-1) expressions increased in the positive control group (t-BHP alone) and the study group (t-BHP+EEP). Maximum increase in NEIL-1 expression was at hour 12 in the positive control group and at hour 8 in the study group. Conclusion: EEP can be considered as a potential source of functional food and pharmaceutical agents.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    AtıfScopus16WoS18OpenAlex20TR Dizin6
    ScopusWeb of SciencePubMedTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2
    Genetic diversity and population structure of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) accessions through retrotransposon-based interprimer binding sites (iPBSs) markers

    Nemli, Seda; Kianoosh, Tala; Tanyolaç, Muhammed Bahattin

    The common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an important crop throughout the world and is highly recommended for many developing countries due to its nutritional components. A retrotransposon-based DNA marker system, interprimer binding sites (iPBSs), developed from reverse transcriptase primer binding sites, was used to determine genetic diversity in common bean accessions. The genetic polymorphism and effectiveness of the marker system were evaluated. A total of 180 polymorphic bands were detected using 47 iPBS primers among 67 common bean accessions, with an average of 4 polymorphic fragments per primer. The genetic similarity between accessions was calculated using the software NTSYS-pc and ranged from 0.09 to 0.99. The average polymorphism information content value for the iPBS markers was 0.73. A model-based clustering method classified the common bean accessions into 4 populations using STRUCTURE software. The results indicated that the iPBS marker method can successfully determine the genetic diversity level in common bean accessions.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    AtıfScopus63WoS60OpenAlex56TR Dizin12
    ScopusWeb of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ3
    Gelfand numbers of diagonal matrices

    Ismailov, Z.I.; Cona, L.; Çevik, E. Otkun

    In this work, a connection between Gelfand numbers of infinite diagonal matrix with linear bounded operator-elements in the direct sum of Banach spaces and its coordinate operators has been investigated.

    AtıfScopus5WoS3OpenAlex3TR Dizin3
    ScopusWeb of ScienceTR Dizinİncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2014
    Yaşamın kendisinden varlığın gerçekliğine

    Kahraman, Yakup

    Felsefe tarihinde özellikle antikçağ yunan felsefesi sonrası ile 19. yy. arasında varlığın ele alınış tarzının genel olarak soyut kabullenmelerin ötesine geçemediğini, kavramsal çerçevelerin içerisine sıkıştığını söyleyebiliriz. Bu makalede varlığı anlama çabasında bu kurgusal yapının ötesine nasıl çıkılabileceği, pozitivist teorinin ortaya koyduğu metafizik karşıtı söylemin gerçekte sağlam bir ontolojik yapı sağlayıp sağlamadığı sorgulanmıştır. Bu yaklaşımın doğa bilimsel yöntemi varlığı anlamak için kullanma çabasının ortaya çıkardığı zeminin de ontolojik yapı için yetersiz olduğu gösterilmiş bu refleksin metafizik, kurgusal yaklaşımları eleştirirken kendisinin de bu duruma düştüğü ortaya konularak, yaşam merkezli varlık yorumlamalarının ontoloji için geçerli olacağı savunulmuştur. Varlık ve yaşamın birbiri ile olan ilişkisinin her ikisini serimleme imkânını ortaya çıkardığı gösterilmeye çalışılmıştır.