Yazarlar
- Baltaci, Cemalettin(26)
- Ürkek, Bayram(25)
- Ozturk, Samet(24)
- Şengül, Mustafa(20)
- Yuksel, Ferhat(19)
- Kaya, Hacer(15)
- Baltacı, Cemalettin(12)
- İlyasoğlu, Huri(12)
- Acet, Tuba(10)
- Aksakal, Vecihi(10)
- Adanacioglu, Hakan(9)
- Erdogdu, Ferruh(9)
- Liu, Shuxiang(9)
- Yolcu, Halil(9)
- Menevseoglu, Ahmed(8)
- Merddan, Kurtuluş(8)
- Akdoğan, Arda(7)
- Gündoğdu, Engin(7)
- Karabulut, Besim(7)
- Sirat, Abdulveli(7)
- Bahar, Bilge(6)
- Bayram, Bahri(6)
- Doğan, Nilgün(6)
- Güzel, Melih(6)
- Karaalp, Musa(6)
- Kaya, H.(6)
- Yüksel, Ferhat(6)
- Öz, Mehmet(6)
- Akar, Bülent(5)
- Burnaz, Nesibe Arslan(5)
- Coskun, Eda(5)
- Gül, Abdulkadir(5)
- Gürmeriç, Hüseyin Ender(5)
- Ilyasoglu, Huri(5)
- Kalkisim, Ozgun(5)
- Karaman, Safa(5)
- Karpuz, Ömer(5)
- Mazlum, Halit(5)
- Okcu, Zuhal(5)
- Ozdes, Duygu(5)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Yield and quality traits of some perennial forages as both sole crops and intercropping mixtures under irrigated conditions
Sayar, Mehmet Salih; Han, Yavuz; Yolcu, Halil; Yücel, Hatice
A field study was conducted to evaluate the yield and quality traits of sole lucerne (L), sole bromegrass (B), sole tall fescue (T), sole orchardgrass (O), sole ryegrass (R), and lucerne + bromegrass + tall fescue (L+B+T) and lucerne + bromegrass + tall fescue + orchardgrass + ryegrass (L+B+T+O+R) intercropping mixtures at the GAP International Agricultural Research and Training Centre under the irrigated conditions during 2009, 2010, and 2011 in the Southeastern Turkey. Dry matter yield (DMY), crude protein content (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), dry digestible matter (DDM), dry matter intake (DMI), total digestible nutrients (TDN), and relative feed value (RFV) were determined in this study. The L+B+T intercropping mixture and sole lucerne provided higher yields than the other crops tested. Sole lucerne had higher protein and quality contents than the other sole perennial forages and intercropping mixtures. The L+B+T intercropping mixture had a higher yield and quality than the other sole perennial forages and intercropping mixtures, with the exception of sole lucerne.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014The Arabidopsis thaliana FASCICLIN LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 4 gene acts synergistically with abscisic acid signalling to control root growth
Seifert, Georg J.; Acet, Tuba; Xue, Hui
Background and Aims The putative FASCICLIN-LIKE ARABINOGALACTAN PROTEIN 4 (At-FLA4) locus of Arabidopsis thaliana has previously been shown to be required for the normal growth of wild-type roots in response to moderately elevated salinity. However, the genetic and physiological pathway that connects At-FLA4 and normal root growth remains to be elucidated. Methods The radial swelling phenotype of At-fla4 was modulated with growth regulators and their inhibitors. The relationship of At-FLA4 to abscisic acid (ABA) signalling was analysed by probing marker gene expression and the observation of the At-fla4 phenotype in combination with ABA signalling mutants. Key Results Application of ABA suppresses the non-redundant role of At-FLA4 in the salt response. At-FLA4 positively regulates the response to low ABA concentration in roots and is required for the normal expression of ABA-and abiotic stress-induced genes. The At-fla4 phenotype is enhanced in the At-abi4 background, while two genetic suppressors of ABA-induced gene expression are required for salt oversensitivity of At-fla4. Salt oversensitivity in At-fla4 is suppressed by the CYP707A inhibitor abscinazole E2B, and salt oversensitivity in At-fla4 roots is phenocopied by chemical inhibition of ABA biosynthesis. Conclusions The predicted lipid-anchored glycoprotein At-FLA4 positively regulates cell wall biosynthesis and root growth by modulating ABA signalling.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014The main quality attributes of non-sprayed cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis Roem.) Genotypes
Yildiz, Hilal; Ercisli, Sezai; Narmanlioglu, Haluk Kemal; Guclu, Saban; Akbulut, Mustafa; Turkoglu, Zumrut
Cherry laurel (Laurocerasus officinalis) is naturally growing in black sea region in Turkey and the trees has not been spraying with pesticides. In natural growing conditions, all cherry laurel genotypes particularly fruits are seems resistant against pests. Astringent nature of fruits forms a barrier for pests. A total twelve cherry laurel accessions were harvested at full maturation time from various sites in Of district located in eastern black sea region in Turkey. Fruits were analyzed for their total phenolic (TP), total monomeric anthocyanin (TMA), total carotenoid (TC), Vitamin C and for their antioxidant capacity by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) in fruit flesh extract. Variability among accessions was greatest for total phenol (TP) and total anthocyanins content ranged from 154 to 213 mg GAE per 100 g and 397 to 519 mg per 100 g. The results indicated that cherry laurel fruits are superior and unique in terms of bioactive content in particular compared to bioactive rich fruit species.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014The effect of cooking on total polyphenolic content and antioxidant activity of selected vegetables
Şengül, Memnune; Yildiz, Hilal; Kavaz, Arzu
The aim of this study to investigate the effect of different cooking methods (boiling, steaming, stir-frying, and microwaving) on the total polyphenolic content and total antioxidant activity of selected vegetables (beet, red cabbage, broccoli, white cabbage, black radish, kale, turnip, and red radish) from Turkey. A wide variation on total phenolic content was observed in raw vegetables, ranging from 44.94 ± 0.47 (beet, Beta vulgaris L. subsp. vulgaris) to 350.94 ± 5.18 (red radish, Raphanus sativus L.) μg gallic acid equivalent/mg of sample. Considering uncooked vegetables, the order of total antioxidant activity determined by β-carotene bleaching assay was beet > red cabbage > broccoli > white cabbage > black radish > kale > turnip > red radish. In DPPH• assay, kale had an exceptionally high antioxidant activity followed by red cabbage, broccoli, turnip, black radish, beet, white cabbage, and red radish.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2014Characterization of rosehip (Rosa canina L.) seed and seed oil
Ilyasoǧlu, Huri
In this study, the nutritional composition and phytochemical composition of the rosehip seed, and the fatty acid and sterol compositions of the seed oil were investigated. The rosehip seed contained valuable phytochemicals such as phenolic compounds (2554 μg/g), carotenoids (2.92 μg/g), and ascorbic acid (1798 μg/g). Furthermore, the rosehip-seed oil was rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids, linoleic acid (54.05%), linolenic acid (19.37%), and phytosterols, mainly β-sitosterol (82.1%). The rosehip seed and seed oil were found to have antioxidant activity measured by trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity assay. It can be concluded that the rosehip seed and seed oil may be utilized as a source of phytonutrients.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014The effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae on milk yield, milk compositions and body condition score raised organically in dairy cows
Bayram, Bahri; Aksakal, Vecihi; Karaalp, Musa; Mazlum, Halit
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (SC) on milk yield, milk compositions and the body condition score raised organically in dairy cattle. For this aim, 120 lactating Holstein Friesian dairy cows were randomly divided into group control (n = 60) and treatment (n = 60) in a private organic dairy farming in the Kelkit District of the Gumushane Province in Turkey. The diet of group treatment each cow was supplementation with 6 g SC per day. The experimental was started after 30 days of calving and lasted 45 days after. The average daily milk yield production (p<0.01) was higher in the SC group (34.6±0.31 vs. 31.8±0.44kg day-1 in the treated and control group, respectively). The effect of SC on some milk compositions as non-fat solids (%), milk fat (%), protein (%) and lactose were statistically non-significant. Body condition score in the treated group (2.74±0.016) was higher than control group (2.58±0.017) (p<0.01). It was concluded that milk yield capacities in organic dairy cattle farming in case that the similar results are confirmed with additional studies can be substantially increased.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Physicochemical, bioactive, and sensory properties of persimmon-based ice cream: Technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution to determine optimum concentration
Karaman, Safa; Toker, Ömer Said; Yüksel, Ferhat; Çam, Mustafa; Kayacier, Ahmed; Dogan, Mahmut
In the present study, persimmon puree was incorporated into the ice cream mix at different concentrations (8, 16, 24, 32, and 40%) and some physicochemical (dry matter, ash, protein, pH, sugar, fat, mineral, color, and viscosity), textural (hardness, stickiness, and work of penetration), bioactive (antiradical activity and total phenolic content), and sensory properties of samples were investigated. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach was used for the determination of optimum persimmon puree concentration based on the sensory and bioactive characteristics of final products. Increase in persimmon puree resulted in a decrease in the dry matter, ash, fat, protein contents, and viscosity of ice cream mix. Glucose, fructose, sucrose, and lactose were determined to be major sugars in the ice cream samples including persimmon and increase in persimmon puree concentration increased the fructose and glucose content. Better melting properties and textural characteristics were observed for the samples with the addition of persimmon. Magnesium, K, and Ca were determined to be major minerals in the samples and only K concentration increased with the increase in persimmon content. Bioactive properties of ice cream samples improved and, in general, acetone-water extracts showed higher bioactivity compared with ones obtained using methanol-water extracts. The technique for order preference by similarity to ideal solution approach showed that the most preferred sample was the ice cream containing 24% persimmon puree.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014The population vigors of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes for grain yield under irrigated and rain-fed conditions; [Altı ekmeklik buğday genotipinin diallel F4 melez döllerinde sulu ve yağmura dayalı koşullar altında populasyon güçleri]
Yildirim, Mustafa; Çakmak, Mustafa
Grain yield estimate from early segregating populations is an interesting feature of today’s wheat breeding programs, and F1 populations are generally recommended as the most suitable population by researchers. In the present study, we evaluated the population vigor of diallel F4 offsprings of six bread wheat genotypes (Sultan, Bezostaya, Süzen, Harmankaya, Altay and Gerek) under irrigated (IR) and rain-fed conditions (RF). The experiment as two sets under IR and RF were established in the field of Anatolian Agricultural Research Institute, Eskişehir. The mean of grain yield (5468 kg ha-1) of F4 populations in RF and IR had been lower than the mean of genotypes (5654 kg ha-1). The mean of grain yield of genotypes (7062 kg ha-1) under IR was higher than F4 populations (6703 kg ha-1), while genotypes and F4 populations were nearly similar under RF (4246 kg ha-1 and 4234 kg ha-1, respectively). The mid-variety population vigor for grain yield varied from-6.70% (Hrm/Grk) to 8.77% (Bez/Grk) under RF, and from-22.58% (Sltn/Alty) to 10.87% (Bez/Süzen) under IR. There was not positive significance population vigor in F4s. According to results under RF and IR, F4 populations are observed as the most suitable populations for realistically estimation of grain yield performance of populations.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Investigation of the possible use of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil on butter stability; [Tereyaǧi{dotless} stabilitesi üzerine çörekotu (Nigella sativa L.) uçucu yaǧi{dotless} kullani{dotless}labilirliǧinin araşti{dotless}ri{dotless}lmasi{dotless}]
Çakmakçi, Songül; Gündoǧdu, Engin; Daǧdemir, Elif; Erdoǧan, Ümmügülsüm
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of black cumin (Nigella sativa L.) essential oil on butter stability. For this aim, 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 wt-% essential oil was added to the butter. Antioxidant activity of the essential oil was compared to that of synthetic antioxidant BHT (100 ppm). All samples were stored at 4±1°C for 90 days. Thiobarbituric acid and peroxide values of all samples containing essential oil were decreased depending on concentrations. The amount of 0.2% of essential oil had showed strong antioxidant activity, which was almost equal to that of BHT. The addition of essential oil reduced total aerobic mesophilic bacteria, lactic acid bacteria and coliform bacteria count during storage period but did not show remarkable antifungal activity. Samples containing essential oil were preferred by the panellists compared to Control sample. Present results indicate that black cumin essential oil may be considered as a new source of natural antioxidant.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014Hybrid performance and heterosis in F1 offspring of triticale (× Triticosecale Wittm.)
Yildirim, Mustafa; Gezginç, Hasan; Paksoy, Ali Haydar
In this study, the combined ability effects and heterosis were determined for number of days to anthesis (AT), plant height (PH), fertile tillers plant-1 (FT), spike length (SL), spikelets spike-1 (SS) and grains spike-1 (GS), 1000-kernel weight (TW), and grain yield plant-1 (GY) of 4 triticale genotypes [Karma (G1), Presto (G2), Ayşehanım (G3), and Mehmetbey (G4)] and their 6 F1 offspring. The mean squares of general combining ability (GCA) and specific combining ability (SCA) were statistically significant for all traits. According to the GCA/SCA, additive gene effects were found for all traits. According to the desired values for traits on the basis of GCA and SCA, parents G1 were good general combiners for 3 traits, G3 for 6, and G4 for 6. Crosses G1 × G2 were good specific combiners for 3 traits, G1 × G3 for 3, G1 × G4 for 3, G2 × G3 for 5, G2 × G4 for 6, and G3 × G4 for 4. Heterosis and heterobeltiosis were -16.78% and -25.71% for AT, -1.66% and -11.02% for PH, 34.25% and 9.87% for FT, 14.62% and 11.44% for SL, 8.09% and 3.87% for SS, 4.57% and 0.91% for GS, 9.67% and 6.13% for TW, and 30.36% and 9.11% for GY, respectively. The results revealed that G2 × G3 and G2 × G4 combinations could be recommended for improved yield of triticale.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Yield, Quality, and Other Characteristics of Selected Lines of Crested Wheatgrass
Gul, Zeynep Dumlu; Yolcu, Halil; Tan, Mustafa; Serin, Yunus; Gul, Ismail
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate yield, quality, and other characteristics in selected lines of crested wheatgrass (Agropyron cristatum L. Gaertn.) at Ataturk University Agriculture Faculty Research Farm under unirrigated conditions during 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 in Eastern Turkey. The research was established in 2006 as a randomized complete block with three replications. Lines AC1 (Reg. No. PL-12, PI 667083), AC2 (Reg. No. PL-13, PI 667084), AC23 (Reg. No. PL-14, PI 667085), AC29 (Reg. No. PL-15, PI 667086), AC37 (Reg. No. PL-16, PI 667087), AC39 (Reg. No. PL-17, PI 667088), AC65 (Reg. No. PL-18, PI 667089), AC66 (Reg. No. PL-19, PI 667090), AC83 (Reg. No. PL-20, PI 667091), AC107 (Reg. No. PL-21, PI 667092), AC113 (Reg. No. PL-22, PI 667093), AC121 (Reg. No. PL-23, PI 667094), AC125 (Reg. No. PL-24, PI 667095) and Tohum Islah population (Reg. No. PL-11, PI 667082) (control) were evaluated for dry matter yield (DMY), seed yield (SY), straw yield (SWY), crude protein content (CPC), crude protein yield (CPY), stem number, plant height, and fertile tiller ratio. Forage DMY and SY increased over the first 4 yr, but the yields decreased due to the aging of the crested wheatgrass stand in the subsequent year. There were significant differences for lines in all variables, except for SWY and CPC. Particularly, lines AC1, AC23, AC29, AC37, AC39, AC65, AC66, AC107, and AC121 in DMY; AC1, AC37, AC83, AC107, AC113, AC121, and AC125 in SY; and AC23, AC39, and AC113 in CPY showed significant improvement compared with the original parent material. The results of DMY, SY, and CPY show that selection studies were effective. Selected lines will be useful for breeding studies and livestock production.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Single-Laboratory Validation for the Determination of Aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in Foods Based on Immunoaffinity Column and Liquid Chromatography with Postcolumn Derivatization and Fluorescence Detection
Baltacı, Cemalettin; İlyasoğlu, Huri; Yüksel, Ferhat
This study presents a method validation procedure for the determination of aflatoxin B1, B2, G1, and G2 in hazelnut, hazelnut paste, walnut, peanut, pistachio, corn, and wheat. The method consisting of clean-up with immunoaffinity column, high performance liquid chromatography with postcolumn derivatization and fluorescence detection was validated in accordance with Commission Regulation 2004/882/EC. The selectivity, linearity, decision limit, detection capability, detection and quantification limits, precision, recovery, ruggedness, and measurement uncertainty of the method were determined. The limit of detection and limit of quantification values (μg/kg) were: aflatoxin B1, 0. 02, 0. 07; aflatoxin B2, 0. 01, 0. 02; aflatoxin G1, 0. 02, 0. 07; and aflatoxin G2, 0. 01, 0. 03. The relative standard deviation values for the repeatability and within-laboratory reproducibility were below 4 and 5 %, respectively. The recovery values of the spiked samples ranged from 80 to 105 %. These results complied with minimum performance criteria established by regulation 2006/401/EC. Therefore, the procedure can be implemented for the routine analysis of aflatoxins in the studied matrices.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2013Antioxidant effect of rosehip seed powder in raw and cooked meatballs during refrigerated storage
Ilyasoǧlu, Huri
The aim of this study was to learn the usage ability of rosehip seed powder (RSP) as an antioxidant agent to prevent lipid oxidation in raw and cooked meatballs during refrigerated storage. For this purpose, 4 different formulations (without RSP and with 1%, 2%, and 4% RSP) were prepared. Thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) values of the raw and cooked meatballs were determined at 0, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days of storage. Both the raw and the cooked meatballs containing 2% RSP had lower TBARS values at the end of storage compared to the control meatballs. Moreover, the difference in sensorial properties between the cooked control sample and cooked RSP-added test samples was not significant. These results indicated that RSP may be utilized as a natural antioxidant in cooked meatballs.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2013Effect of some spice essential oils on the stability of frying oils
Tanriverdi, Ebru Sandal; Özcan, Mehmet Musa; Juhaimi, Fahad Al
In this study, peppers and potatoes were fried in olive and peanut oils. In order to evaluate the oxidative stability of frying oils, essential oils of sage, rosemary, thyme at the concentration of 0.3, 0.6, 0.9 and 1.2 %, separately and 0.01 % butylated hydroxytoluene were added into olive and peanut oils. Chemical properties of frying oils (free fatty acid %, peroxide value, DPPH, total phenolic and fatty acid composition) were determined after frying. Butylated hydroxytoluene showed the best effect on free fatty acid % and peroxide value of olive oils after frying of peppers and potatoes. Free fatty acid % values of frying oils of peppers and potatoes showed variation. The nearest values of oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents of frying olive oils of peppers and potatoes were determined with sample addition of butylated hydroxytoluene. Oleic, linoleic and linolenic acid contents of peanut oil with butylated hydroxytoluene and potato frying oil that addition of 0.3 % rosemary essential oil were determined to nearly the initial value of oil. These essential oils were also determined to show high radical scavenging effect. Rosemary essential oil was determined higher the radical scavenging effect and lower total phenolic compounds than thyme essential oils. There were not exact a relationship between radical scavenging effect and the amount of total phenolic compounds. The aim of current study is to establish to the effect of some spice essential oils on the stability of frying oils.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013The effects of different breeding methods on fattening performance and parameters related to slaughter, carcass and some meat quality in broiler chickens; [Farklı yetiştirme metotlarının etlik piliçlerde besi performansı, kesim ve karkas özellikleri i̇le bazı et kalite parametreleri üzerine etkisi]
Lacin, Ekrem; Coban, Omer; Aksu, Muhammet Irfan; Sabuncuoglu, Nilufer; Das, Huseyin
The present study was aimed at the comparison of floor-based growth (FBG) and caged-based growth (CBG) systems in broiler production for growth performance and parameters related to slaughter, carcass and meat quality. Ninety one-day-old male Ross-308 chicks constituted the material of the study. It was determined that, in Groups FBG and CBG, the differences between body weight and cumulative body weight values were statistically very significant (P<0.01). The final body weights measured at the end of the trial and the mean body weight gain values in Groups FBG and CBG were determined as 2530 g - 2046 g and 2389.16 g - 1904.77 g, respectively. The end-trial final feed conversion rates of Groups FBG and CBG were determined as 1.82 and 1.88, respectively, and it was ascertained that the difference between the values of the two groups was statistically insignificant (P>0.05). While the hot and cold dressing percentages and the neck, wing, drumstick and tail percentages did not statistically differ between Groups FBG and CBG (P>0.05), values pertaining to breast meat displayed significant differences (P<0.05). It was determined that the L*, b* and C* values pertaining to breast meat and the L*, a*, b* and C* values pertaining to chicken drumsticks displayed statistically significant differences (P<0.05, P<0.01) between the trial groups.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Comparison of Multiple Linear Regression and Artificial Neural Network Models Goodness of Fit to Lactation Milk Yields
Takma, Cigdem; Atil, Hulya; Aksakal, Vecihi
In this study, effects of lactation length, calving year and service period on lactation milk yield of Holstein Friesians were modeled with multiple regression and artificial neural networks (ANN) and compared goodness of fit of models. Analyses were carried on five lactations milk yields of 305 Holsteins calved at 2006, 2007 and 2008 years. After several experiments, hidden layer number was taken one and hidden nodes number were found three for the chosen architecture. Moreover, convergence criteria, maximum iteration number and epoch number were taken as 1.10(-6), 50 and 20, respectively. Adjusted coefficient of determination (R-2),root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute deviation (MAD), mean absolute percentage error performance criteria (MAPE) were used for comparison of artificial neural network and multiple linear regression models goodness of fit. After analysis R-2 values were found among 0.62-0.85 for the five lactations with neural networks model. RMSE, MAD and MAPE criteria also were found among 480.9-1682.8, 325.2-1381.7 and 6.1-20.2, respectively. These criteria were found for R-2, RMSE, MAD and MAPE among 0.30-0.75, 1964.8-30008.7, 1576.6-2458.3 and 24.7-35.6, respectively for multiple linear regression. When the models were compared, artificial neural networks model gave better fit than multiple linear regression models. Consequently, artificial neural networks was determined an alternative method to multiple regression analysis.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012The effect of adding sour cherry pulp into yoghurt on the physicochemical properties, phenolic content and antioxidant activity during storage
Şengül, Memnune; Erkaya, Tuba; Şengül, Mustafa; Yildiz, Hilal
This study investigated the effect of adding sour cherry pulp into yoghurt on its physicochemical properties, phenolic content, antioxidant activity and sensory characteristics. Sour cherry pulp was added at 0%, 8%, 12% and 16% into the yoghurt, and measures were checked through 14days cold storage. The increasing sour cherry pulp concentration in yoghurt resulted in increasing pH and whey separation, whereas the values of the other parameters, total solid, fat, protein, ash, titratable acidity and viscosity decreased. During storage, total phenolic contents and antioxidant activity in yoghurts ranged from 20 to 81μg gallic acid equivalent per mg of sample and from 48% to 86%, respectively.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Aflatoxin levels in raw and processed hazelnuts in Turkey
Baltaci, C.; Ilyasoǧlu, H.; Cavrar, S.
Aflatoxin levels in hazelnut samples obtained from exporter companies were monitored over a 3-year period. A total of 3188 samples of raw and processed hazelnuts were analysed using an HPLC method. The total aflatoxin content of the contaminated samples was in the range of 0.02-78.98 μg kg-1 for hazelnut kernels, 0.07-43.59 μg kg-1 for roasted hazelnut kernels, 0.02-39.17 μg kg-1 for roasted sliced hazelnut kernels, and 0.02-11.20 μg kg-1 for hazelnut purees, respectively, showing that the variations of aflatoxin contamination were very high. The results of aflatoxin analysis revealed that the aflatoxin contamination in the hazelnut samples was at a tolerable level. A total of 3147 samples were contaminated with aflatoxins, although below the legal limits. However, the aflatoxin contents of 41 samples exceeded the legal limits. Therefore, aflatoxin contents of hazelnuts should be monitored regularly to minimise the risk of aflatoxin hazard, and pre- and post-harvest strategies should be developed to prevent aflatoxin formation.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Determination of Lactic Microflora of Kefir Grains and Kefir Beverage by Using Culture-Dependent and Culture-Independent Methods
Kesmen, Zulal; Kacmaz, Nazife
In this study, we investigated the bacterial compositions of kefir grains and kefir beverages collected from different regions of Turkey by using culture-independent and culture-dependent methods. In the culture-independent detection, 10 different species of bacteria were detected in total by using the polymerase chain reaction-denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (PCR-DGGE) analysis of the 16S rRNA gene V3 region. Among these species, Lactobacillus kefiranofaciens was the most dominant one in the kefir grains, while Lactococcus lactis was found to be significantly prevalent in the kefir beverages. In the culture-dependent detection, the primary differentiation and grouping of the isolates from kefir beverages and kefir grains were performed using repetitive sequence-based PCR (rep-PCR) fingerprinting, and the results were validated by 16S rDNA full-length sequencing. According to the results of culture-dependent methods, the most frequently isolated species were L. lactis, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, and Lactobacillus kefiri, respectively. Only 3 species, which are L. lactis, Lactobacillus acidophilus, and Streptococcus thermophilus, were detected with both culture-dependent and culture-independent methods. This study showed that the combination of both methods is necessary for a detailed and reliable investigation of microbial communities in kefir grains and kefir beverages. Practical Application Due to their artisan- and region-dependent microflora, kefir products can be a source of interesting lactic acid bacteria, either new taxa or strains with specific functional properties, which might be used for the development of new starter cultures and innovative food products. Therefore, an increasing demand exists for new strains that show desirable effects on the product characteristics Artisan dairy products are a candidate source of such microorganisms. For this reason, in this study, the bacterial compositions of kefir grains and kefir beverages obtained from different regions of Turkey were studied using culture-dependent and culture-independent molecular methods.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) in Japanese quails feeding 1. Performance and egg quality parameters
Karaalp, Musa; Elmasta, Mahfuz; Genc, Nusret; Sezer, Metin; Yavuz, Musa; Ozkan, Mehmet
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemented bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves to a conventional diet of laying Japanese quail on the performance and some egg quality. A total number of 60 and 54 days old laying type quails were distributed into individual cages for three different treatments. The control diet did not containLaurus nobilis (LN) leaves (LNG) and the other diets were supplemented with 2 g (LN2) and 4 g (LN4) leaves kg-1, respectively. The trial lasted for a total of 10 weeks. Supplemented leaves of LN (2 or 4 g kg-1 feed) had no effect on any performance parameters, external and internal egg quality traits of quails. The diets have not changed the amount of egg yolk total cholesterol at 121 days old. However, egg yolk triglyceride concentration of quails fed LN4 diet was lower (p<0.01) than quails fed with the other diets at 121 days old. Besides, the amount of total cholesterol and triglyceride of egg yolk increased (p<O.01) in all of the groups with age. In egg yolk in the group receiving diet LN4, the level of palmitic acid was lower (p<0.05) and oleic acid was higher (p<0.05) than those of the other 2 groups at 118 days. Besides at that age, the level of pahnitic acid was lower and oleic acid was >55, 76 and 97 days. There was no change in the other fatty acids. The changes in total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids were parallel with palmitic acid and oleic acid, respectively. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the present study did not change with diet and age. The results of this study demonstrated that supplemented a conventional diet with LN could change some biochemical parameters of quail egg yolk.
