Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The Triple Relationship between Biofuel Production, Carbon Emissions and Economic Growth in Türkiye Using Time Series Analysis: A policy proposal based on algae in biofuel production
Akar, Bülent; Akar, Sonay
Purpose: Study aims to determine the causality relationship between production of biofuel, carbon emissions and economic growth between 2005 and 2022 in Türkiye. Findings: The findings show that there is a unidirectional causality relationship from biofuel production to carbon emissions in Turkey. Meanwhile, GDP was not found to be associated with any variable. Limitations: Access to regular and uninterrupted data on biofuel production in Turkey covers the period between 2005 and 2022. Therefore, this period was selected as the start and end years of the research, and the frequency range of the research was limited to 18 years. Originality/Value: Minimising the negative environmental impacts of production is becoming increasingly important. Because the decline in global reserves of fossil fuels and the greenhouse gas emissions indicate that is unsustainable of dependence on these energy sources. Consequently, it is coming to the agenda biofuels which are both renewable and carbon neutral among alternative energy sources. Biofuels based on plant oil, hydrogen, bioethanol or biodiesel can provide an improvement against fossil carbon emissions compared to fossil fuels such as petrol. Furthermore, the compatibility of biofuels with existing engine technology has increased interest in these resources both in scientific circles and in industrial investment areas. Study, the biofuels which are of economic and ecological importance considered to make a unique contribution to the field as a current study examining the interaction between carbon emissions and economic growth.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026GREEN SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. FRUITS FOR DYE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Demir, Semra; Akar, Bülent; Baltaci, Cemalettin
In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced and characterized using a green synthesis method with Robinia pseudoacacia fruits. The structural and functional properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, TEM/EDX, and FTIR analyses. The results indicated that the produced iron oxide nanoparticles had nanoscale particle sizes and exhibited a poorly crystalline (predominantly amorphous) structure according to XRD analysis. The comparative adsorption performance of the synthesized FeONPs and fruit powder in the removal of malachite green (MG), phenol red (PR) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. According to the results, the adsorption capacity followed the order MB> MG > PR. FeONPs exhibited consistently higher Qₑ values across all dye systems compared to the fruit powder. High removal efficiencies were obtained at low and moderate initial concentrations, while increasing the adsorbent dose enhanced the overall removal but resulted in a reduction in the adsorption capacity per unit mass. The obtained findings indicate that biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for eliminating environmental pollutants.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026New Records for the Algal Flora of Türkiye from Blanket Bogs of the Eastern Black Sea Region
Akar, Bülent; Avci, Utku
Blanket bogs are ombrotrophic peatlands where water is mainly supplied by precipitation. This study reports new algal records from blanket bogs in Türkiye, contributing to the knowledge of Türkiye’s freshwater algal flora. Algal samples were collected from five different blanket bogs located in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye. Samples were obtained on a monthly basis during selected months, May, July, and September in 2021, May and September in 2022, and July in 2023. A total of 50 taxa belonging to 19 genera were identified: Scytonema (1), Cavinula (1), Kobayasiella (1), Netrium (4), Closterium (3), Actinotaenium (5), Cosmarium (3), Euastrum (3), Micrasterias (2), Spondylosium (1), Staurastrum (15), Staurodesmus (2), Tetmemorus (2), Microspora (1), Characium (1), Desmodesmus (1), Trachelomonas (2), Calycimonas (1), and Opisthoaulax (1). Calycimonas and Opisthoaulax are reported as new genera for the freshwater algal flora of Türkiye. The identified taxa were predominantly observed in acidic, oligotrophic and low-conductivity waters, thereby indicating the distinctive ecological characteristics and conservation value of alpine blanket peat bogs.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025DYE REMOVAL PERFORMANCE AND BIOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES SYNTHESIZED FROM Cotoneaster sp. FRUIT EXTRACT
Akar, Bülent; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Düzgün, Azer Özad; Karpuz, Omer; Karakullukçu, Volkan; Erdoğdu, Esma Gülbahar
This work aimed to study the antioxidant, antibacterial, and dye adsorption capabilities of the aqueous extract of Cotoneaster sp. fruits (CFE) and iron oxide nanoparticles (CF-FeONP) green-synthesized from the CFE. CF-FeONPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD) analyses. The antioxidant activity of CFE and CF-FeONPs was assessed through various tests, including ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, iron-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant content (TAC). The CF-FeONPs had superior antibacterial and antioxidant activity compared to the CFEs. Furthermore, CF-FeONPs suppressed the growth of Gram-negative bacteria such as Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 43288, as well as by Gram-positive bacteria like Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923. and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633. The microdilution medium technique was used to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of CFE and CF-FeONPs against these bacteria strains. The adsorption rates of CF-FeONPs exhibited variability based on the quantity of adsorbent used and the specific dye type, whereas the lowest adsorption rate was 250 mg/L. CF-FeONPs demonstrated higher adsorption capacities for malachite green (MG) dye compared to methylene blue (MB) and phenol red (PR).
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025MODELING THE KINETICS OF HYDROXYMETHYLFURFURAL (HMF) FORMATION IN POMEGRANATE SOUR PRODUCED BY DIFFERENT EVAPORATION METHODS
Erdoğdu, Esma Gülbahar; Akar, Bülent; Baltacı, Cemalettin
Pomegranate sour is a traditional functional food that is widely consumed in Türkiye. The aim of this study is to determine the most convenient evaporation method to keep the amount of HMF, a carcinogenic substance formed as a result of high temperatures in the production of pomegranate sour, at low levels. The pomegranate sours were produced using five different evaporation methods (atmospheric pressure (AP), freeze-drying (FD), open air (OA), vacuum assisted (VA) and fan assisted (FA)) and the amount of HMF formed during the process was determined. Kinetic calculations showed that VA and FA methods followed first-order reaction kinetics at 60, 70 and 80 °C, while OA, FD and AP methods followed zero-order reaction kinetics at 80, 90 and 100 °C. The mean Q10 value was 1.0006, while the activation energy (Ea) ranged from 72.56 to 126.38 kJ/mol. It was found that the amount of HMF formed varied according to the method, temperature and production time and that the reaction rates increased with increasing temperature, especially for the OA method. In addition, pH, titratable acidity, invert and total sugar content, color, Brix and browning index were analyzed and a kinetic model including all these factors was developed.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Biogenic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Based on Algal Biofilm Formed in the Wastewater Treatment Plant and Their Dye Removal Performance
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Karpuz, Omer; Demirel, İlyas Taner; Gülbahar, Esma
In the field of environmental pollution removal, bioremediation plays a crucial role in removing or converting toxic substances from the environment. Bacteria, yeasts, molds, algae, and plants are widely used in bioremediation events. Recently, green-synthesized nanoparticles have also been employed in bioremediation applications. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (FeONPs) were synthesized from algal biofilms that are naturally formed in the settling ponds of the Gümüşhane Municipality Wastewater Treatment Plant. These biological nanoparticles were utilized to investigate their adsorption efficiency for water-polluting dyes such as methylene blue (MB), malachite green (MG), and phenol red (PR). The synthesized FeONPs were characterized using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectrometry (EDX), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). To test their efficacy, MB, MG, and PR dye solutions were treated with 5.0, 10.0, and 20 g/L FeONP concentrations. The remaining dye concentrations were quantified with a UV-VIS spectrophotometer after filtration. The results showed that FeONPs obtained from algal biofilms effectively removed MB, MG, and PR, with the highest efficiency observed for PR.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Physicochemical Analysis of Pomegranate Sours Produced by Traditional Method in Türkiye and The Investigation of Antioxidant Properties
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Oğuz, Miraç
In this study, the physicochemical properties and antioxidant activities of the commercially produced 15 pomegranate sour samples and one control sample were determined and their compliance with the TS 12720 (traditional sour pomegranate concentrate standard) was evaluated. Antioxidant activity values of pomegranate sours extracts were determined using 6 different methods. The samples had strong antioxidant capacity, except for N10 and N15. In addition, glucose, fructose, sucrose, HMF and acidity measurements of the same samples did not show compatibility with TS 12720. The pH values of the samples of N7, N8, N10, N11, N14 and N15 were not in accordance with the standard values (2.4-4.0) The titratable acidity values measured in samples of N1, N3, N4, N6, N10, N13, N15 were below the value (>6.0% (m/m)) in the standard. While the brix values of the samples were measured between 59.20-75.70, the brix values of the N12, N13 and N14 samples were determined below the standard brix value (>68%). The highest HMF value of the samples were determined as 8117.66. According to TSE 12720, the HMF content should be not exceed 50 mg/kg. However, the HMF values of the samples were detected above the maximum limit value except for N8 and N16.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Characterization, Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Iron Nanoparticles Synthesized Using Firethorn Fruit (Pyracantha coccinea Roemer) Extracts
Düzgün, Azer Özad; Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Karakullukçu, Volkan; Karpuz, Omer
The main focus of this study was to explore the biological activity of metal nanoparticles that were green-synthesized from firethorn fruits. Specifically, iron nanoparticles (Fe-NP) were synthesized from extracts obtained from fruits and seeds of the firethorn plant (Pyracantha coccinea) grown on Gumushane University’s campus for landscaping purposes. The antioxidant and antimicrobial properties of both extracts and synthesized iron nanoparticles were evaluated. To characterize the Fe-NPs, FT-IR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD) analyses were performed. The antioxidant activity of the fruit extracts and Fe-NPs was assessed using various antioxidant activity tests, including ABTS radical scavenging activity, DPPH radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and total antioxidant content (TAC). The results of all antioxidant activity tests indicated that the iron nanoparticles exhibited higher antioxidant activity than the fruit extracts. Moreover, the minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of the fruit extracts and nanoparticles against Gram-negative bacteria (Yersinia pseudotuberculosis ATCC 911, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Proteus vulgaris ATCC 13315, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 43288) and Gram-positive bacteria (Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615, Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923, and Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633) were determined the using the medium microdilution procedure. Similar to the antioxidant activity findings, the Fe-NPs demonstrated stronger antimicrobial activity compared to the fruit extracts.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Determination of physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in Turkish markets
Baltaci, Cemalettin; Akar, Bülent; Kamış, Yunus Emre
This study aimed to determine the physical, chemical and antioxidant properties of pomegranate sauces sold in the Turkish markets. A total of eighteen pomegranate sauces, seventeen of which were purchased from the market, and one produced in a rotary evaporator, were analyzed with respect to antioxidant activity, titratable acidity, brix, hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF), pH, color, and sugar. The antioxidant activities of the samples were analyzed by six different methods, including DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazil) radical scavenging activity, ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), ABTS●+ radical scavenging capacity, total antioxidant capacity assay (TAC), total phenolic content (TPC), and total flavonoid content (TFC) methods. The highest and lowest antioxidant activity values were as follows, respectively: 5.23 and 822.69 mg AA/kg for the DPPH method, 57.94 and 2380.94 mg FeSO4/kg for the FRAP method, 660.47 and 3690.83 mg AA/kg for the TAC method, 23.06 and 11680.71 mg QEE/kg for the TFC method, and 123.54 and 9566.95 mg GAE/kg for the TPC method. In addition, HMF contents of the most samples were below the permissible limit value (50 mg/kg), while some of them showed a heterogeneous distribution between 4.58 and 103.68 mg/kg. Such a heterogeneous distribution of the HMF contents may be due to the factors such as raw materials and additives used in production, applied heat treatments, production processes, and storage conditions. As a result, HMF content in pomegranate sauce can be reduced below the permissible limit if the production conditions comply with the standards.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021Arum italicum Miller Bitkisinin Yenilebilir ve Yenmeyen Yumru Parçalarının LC–MS/MS ve RP–HPLC–UV Analizi ve Antioksidan Aktiviteleri
Can, Zehra; Akar, Zeynep; Demir, Çağlar; Alkan, Ozan; Akar, Bülent
Bu çalışmada, Arum italicum bitkisine ait yumrunun yenilebilir ve yenmeyen kısımlarından elde edilen metanolik ve sulu ekstraktların, fenolik içerikleri ve antioksidan aktiviteleri belirlenmiştir. Ek olarak, bitkinin bu kısımlarının antioksidan potansiyeli, fenolik kompoziyonu ile ilişkilendirilmiştir. Bitkinin antioksidan aktivitesini belirlemek için Toplam Fenolik Madde Miktarı, FRAP, CUPRAC ve radikal süpürme aktiviteyi belirleyen DPPH antioksidan aktivite testleri yapılmıştır. Bitki yumrusunun her iki kısmındaki fenolik profiller hazırlanan metanolik ekstraktlarında RP– HPLC–UV ve LC–MS/ MS cihazları kullanılarak belirlenmiştir. En yüksek toplam fenolik içerik, FRAP, CUPRAC ve % DPPH değerleri, yumrunun yenmeyen kısmının metanolik ekstraktında sırasıyla 164 µg GAE/mL, 878 TEAC(µM), 0.064 TEAC(µM) ve 19.41 olarak ölçülmüştür LC/MS-MS ölçümlerinde her iki yumru kısmının metanolik ekstraktlarında ferulik asit, ana fenolik bileşik olarak belirlendi. Bununla birlikte RP–HPLC–UV ölçümlerinde ise, bitki yumrusunun yenilebilir ve yenilmeyen kısımlarında sırasıyla luteolin ve rutin fenolikleri ana bileşikler olarak ölçülmüştür.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Cohabitant charophyte algal flora and its ecology in high-mountain lakes of the Artabel Lakes Nature Park (Gumushane, Turkey)
Şahin, Bülent; Akar, Bülent; Barinova, Sophia
The composition of charophyte taxa and their habitat preferences in water bodies of the Artabel Lakes Nature Park were investigated on 15 August 2013 and 13 August 2016. A total of 73 taxa belonging to Conjugatophyceae (Zygnematophyceae) and Klebsormidiophyceae were recorded. The genera Cosmarium (37), Staurastrum (10) and Closterium (7) were most abundant. The partly unexpected presence of certain desmid taxa, i.e., taxa characteristic of eutrophic water, was recorded. Filamentous charophytes were represented by three taxa. The Willis curve for the distribution of species to genera had a trend line of R2 = 0.9123. Bioindication, statistical methods and comparative floristic results show that water in all of the studied lakes was fresh, of low-conductivity, circum-neutral and with little organic pollution. Four groups of lakes were identified as a result of statistical comparison of their environmental and biological variables. Bioindication results can be used as references for future monitoring of the lakes in protection of the species found in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park and can also be included in the National Water Quality Standard System of Turkey.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Non-Diatom Algae of the High Mountain Protected Lakes in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane, Turkey
Şahin, Bülent; Akar, Bülent; Barinova, Sophia
For the first time, we studied 18 lakes of the Artabel Lakes Nature Park and revealed 154 species of non-diatoms algae from four taxonomic Divisions. Charophyta (73 taxa) prevails in the flora and mainly represented by the genus Cosmarium (37). Cyanobacteria (42), Chlorophyta (30) and Eunlenozoa (9) are also present. New records for the Turkish algae flora are represented by 31 taxa, most of which belong to Cosmarium (15) and Staurastrum (5). Rare species from benthic cyanobacteria were revealed in communities of the Artabel Lake. Statistical methods revealed a high individuality of the algae communities and divided it into two major group: Acambol–Yıldız, and Beş–Artabel, which belong to different River Basins. The altitude of the lakes appears to be the major environmental variable that controls the non-diatom algal diversity. Bioindication characterized the water of studied lakes as temperate by temperature, middle saturated with oxygen, neutral to low acidic pH, low saline, Class 2–3 of Water Quality and mesotrophic.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Identification of Antioxidant Activity by Different Methods of a Freshwater Alga (Microspora sp.) Collected From a High Mountain Lake
Akar, Zeynep; Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
Algae contain a large amount of biological active compounds functioning as antioxidant,antimicrobial and anti-tumour. In the present research, antioxidant activity of freshwateralga Microspora sp. (Chlorophyta) extract prepared in different solvents (methanol,acetonitrile, ethanol, acetone and ethyl acetate) was determined with three differentmethods; 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH•), Iron (III) Reduction / AntioxidantPower (FRAP) Assay and Copper (II) Reductive Antioxidant Activity (CUPRAC). Thealga samples collected from the high mountain lake (2733 m above sea level) localized inGümüşhane province of Turkey. The algal extracts prepared in different solvents showedantioxidant activity. The values of DPPH• varied from 8.97% (in acetonitrile extract) to31.15% (in methanol extract). As in the DPPH• method, the lowest and highest values inthe FRAP method were measured based on μM TEAC (Trolox Equivalent AntioxidantCapacity) in methanol and acetonitrile extracts as 60.303 μM and 359.394 μM respectively.While the lowest value of CUPRAC test was determined in acetonitrile extract (0.041 μMTEAC ) as in the other tests, highest value was measured in ethanol extract (0.101 μMTEAC ). The values of highest antioxidant activity in both DPPH• and FRAP methodswas measured in the methanol solvent whilst was determined in the ethanol solvent forCUPRAC.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019New records from Artabel Lakes nature park (Gümüşhane/Turkey) to the freshwater algal flora of Turkey
Şahin, Bülent; Akar, Bülent
Six newly recorded taxa, Chlamydomonas pertusa Chodat, Coenochloris pyrenoidosa Korshikov, Coenocystis tapasteana Komárek, Katagnymene accurata Geitler, Phormidium stagninum Anagnostidis, and Scytonema coactile Montagne ex Bornet & Flahault, were described from epipelic, epilithic, and epiphytic materials of the 17 high mountain lakes and a pond in Artabel Lakes Nature Park. The morphology of all species was examined by light microscopy. In this paper, the morphology, ecology, and distribution of these species are discussed. Photos of the species are also provided.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019New desmid records from high mountain lakes in Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane, Turkey
Şahin, Bülent; Akar, Bülent
The algal flora of 17 lakes and 1 pond in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park were investigated during two summer seasons (2013 and 2016). In total, 26 desmid taxa were found and identified as new records for the desmid flora of Turkey based on their morphotaxonomic characteristics and ecological preferences. The taxa identified belong to the genera Actinotaenium (1), Closterium (1), Cosmarium (15), Micrasterias (1), Spondylosium (1), Staurastrum (5), Teilingia (1), and Tetmemorus (1). Morphotaxonomy, ecology, and distribution of each species were discussed in detail.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Nine new records from high mountain lakes (Artabel Lakes Nature Park, Gümüşhane/Turkey) for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey
Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
This study was carried out in 17 high mountain lakes and a pond in the Artabel Lakes Nature Park (Gümüşhane)on August 15, 2013 and August 13, 2016. In the present study, epipelic, epilitic and epiphytic algal flora of lakes weredetermined and a total of 95 taxa were recorded belonging to Bacillariophyta division. 9 of the taxa belonging toBacillariophyta were determined to be new records for the freshwater diatom flora of Turkey. These taxa were identifiedas Aulacoseira lacustris (Grunow) Krammer f. tenuior Houk, Klee and Passauer, Orthoseira roeseana (Rabenhorst)Pfitzer, Cyclotella ambigua Grunow, Planothidium distinctum (Messikommer) Lange-Bertalot, Psammothidiumhelveticum (Hustedt) Bukhtiyarova and Round, Diploneis petersenii Hustedt, Frustulia crassinervia (Brébisson exW.Smith) Lange-Bertalot and Krammer, Eunotia mucophila (Lange-Bertalot, Nörpel–Schempp and Alles) LangeBertalotand E. paludosa Grunow
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in karagöl lake in karagöl-Sahara national park (Şavşat, Artvin, Turkey)
Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
The main goal of this study is to determine the composition, diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in Karagöl Lake in Karagöl-Sahara National Park. Monthly sampling (from sediments, stones and aquatic plants in littoral zone of the lake) taken in three consecutive years revealed 57 diatom taxa with Gomphonema and Pinnularia being the most abundant species while other genera are represented with three or fewer species. Lindavia ocellata was the most dominant taxon in the samplings examined throughout the whole study. The values of diversity and evenness indices are high during the spring and early summer. Based on cluster analysis for monthly samples of epipelic diatom, there are two different groups at the lowest similarity level. The associations between August 2010 and September 2010 months are the most significant with 86.02%. The organism number of epipelic diatoms showed positive correlation (P<0.01) with dissolved oxygen, while negative correlation (P<0.05) with temperature. Detailed floristic and ecological examination of the benthic diatom communities has not been carried out before this study in this lake. Therefore, this study is the first to our knowledge towards revealing aquatic benthic diatom biodiversity of Karagöl-Sahara National Park and provides basis for future investigations.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2016Diversity and ecology of benthic algae in Karagöl Lake, Karagöl-Sahara National Park (Şavşat, Artvin, Turkey)
Akar, Bülent; Şahın, Bülent
Benthic algal flora of Karagöl Lake, its seasonal variation, and the physical and chemical parameters of the water were studied between October 2008 and September 2010. The algal flora consisted of 112 taxa belonging to the divisions Charophyta (41), Chlorophyta (33), Cyanobacteria (18), Euglenozoa (17), Miozoa (2), and Ochrophyta (1). Six desmid taxa found in this research are new records for the freshwater algal flora of Turkey. The qualitative dominance of benthic taxa typical of slightly alkaline and mesotrophic ecosystems was observed. The qualitative and seasonal variations in epipelic taxa analyzed were dependent on the physicochemical characteristics of the water. Water quality was analyzed on the basis of benthic taxa, which are bioindicators. The physicochemical properties of the water are suitable for the development of a rich algal flora (especially desmids). According to the benthic algal composition and indicator species, it is estimated that Karagöl Lake has mesotrophic lake characteristics. This is the first study of benthic algal flora of Karagöl Lake and marks a significant contribution to the knowledge of Karagöl-Sahara National Park’s aquatic biodiversity.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Karagöl- Sahara Milli Parkı ndaki (Şavşat-Artvin/Türkiye) Karagöl den yeni desmid kayıtları
Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
The benthic algal flora of Karagöl Lake (Şavşat, Artvin) was investigated between October 2008 and September 2010.Actinotaenium diplosporum var. americanum, Cosmarium pseudoexiguum, Gonatozygon kinahanii, Staurastrum boreale var.quadriradiatum, S. hantzschii and Staurodesmus dejectus var. apiculatus were recorded for the first time for the desmid floraof Turkey.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014New desmid records of Karagöl Lake in Karagöl-Sahara National Park (Şavşat-Artvin/Turkey); [Karagöl-Sahara Milli Parki{dotless}'ndaki (Şavşat-Artvin/Türkiye) karagöl'den yeni desmid kayi{dotless}tlari{dotless}]
Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
The benthic algal flora of Karagöl Lake (Şavşat, Artvin) was investigated between October 2008 and September 2010. Actinotaenium diplosporum var. americanum, Cosmarium pseudoexiguum, Gonatozygon kinahanii, Staurastrum boreale var. quadriradiatum, S. hantzschii and Staurodesmus dejectus var. apiculatus were recorded for the first time for the desmid flora of Turkey.