SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon · SDG · Gümüşhane Üniversitesi

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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19417
Removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions by Brevibacillus agri-loaded clay: Kinetic, isotherm, and artificial neural network modeling
Belduz, Ali Osman; Inan, Kadriye; Duran, Celal; Ozdes, Duygu; Ozeken, Sengul Tugba; Nalçaoğlu, Aleyna; Şeker, Serdal
In this study, a novel and efficient adsorbent was developed by immobilizing inactivated Brevibacillus agri biomass onto an abundant natural clay via a simple synthesis route for Pb(II) removal from aqueous media. The adsorption behavior of inactivated Brevibacillus agri-loaded clay (BLC) was evaluated using batch experiments by investigating the effects of initial solution pH (2.0–6.0), BLC dosage (0.5–4.0 g/L), contact time (1–180 min), initial Pb(II) concentration (10–420 mg/L), temperature (25–80°C), and the presence of foreign ions. The optimum conditions were determined to be an initial solution pH of 5.0 and a contact time of 120 min. Isotherm models were applied to elucidate the interactions between Pb(II) ions and BLC, while kinetic studies were conducted to evaluate the adsorption performance and underlying mechanisms. The maximum adsorption capacity of BLC was determined as 65.4 mg/g according to the Langmuir isotherm model. Thermodynamic parameters revealed that Pb(II) adsorption on BLC was exothermic, feasible, and spontaneous at 25ºC. Artificial neural network (ANN) studies provided highly accurate predictions by modeling and confirmed the reliability and applicability of the model for Pb(II) removal in industrial applications. This study presents an innovative and sustainable approach for heavy metal removal, offering an effective solution applicable to environmental remediation processes.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/16525
A Land Use Analysis of Coastal Reclamation Areas in Ortahisar District, Trabzon (2000-2024)
Üzülmez, Mehmet
This study evaluates land use patterns in reclaimed coastal areas of Ortahisar district, Trabzon, from 2000 to 2024. It examines the role, functions, and environmental and structural impacts of reclamation in urban development. In mountainous cities like Trabzon, with limited flat land, sea filling is a key urban expansion strategy. The research combines literature review, satellite image analysis, and GIS mapping (ArcGIS), supported by climate, population, and topographic data from official sources. The study analyses reclaimed zones including Akyaz & imath;, Be & scedil;irli, Ganita, and De & gbreve;irmendere. InAkyaz & imath;, 39 hectares serve the & Scedil;enol G & uuml;ne & scedil;Sports Complex, and 29 hectares serve the city hospital ,which is currently under construction, alongside a mosque, fishermen's shelter, and parking. Ganita includes 17 hectares of parks and recreation and 9 hectares for transport infrastructure, reflecting a public-use planning approach. De & gbreve;irmendere hosts parks, fishermen's shelters, roads, a port, and breakwaters, with about 28 hectares unused. These areas address population growth and land scarcity, creating new urban spaces but posing environmental and engineering risks. International studies highlight issues such as ground settlement, structural instability, flood and storm vulnerability, and marine ecosystem damage in reclaimed lands. While valuable for infrastructure and public services, reclamation should be managed beyond spatial growth. The study stresses how multifunctional, public-focused, strategic planning shaped these areas. However, comprehensive interdisciplinary approaches are needed for ground safety, sustainability, and ecosystem protection. Future planning must mandate geotechnical surveys and environmental impact assessments. Reclamation should align with natural processes, not just physical expansion. Public participation and integrating local needs are crucial. Transport and access plans should balance coastal access and sustainability. Ortahisar's reclamations offer short-term urban solutions, but long-term risk reduction requires integrated sustainable planning.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/16396
Mercury Removal from Glycine Leach Solutions Using Sodium Sulfide (Na2S) Precipitation
Kantarci, Sadiye; Alp, Ibrahim; Youpoungam, Abdou Azizi; Sivircik, Salih
Amino acid leaching has been considered an environmentally friendly alternative for gold recovery; however, the dissolution of mercury (Hg) during the leaching of amalgamation tailings remains a major challenge. This study is a novelty study that focuses on Hg removal by passing the Hg-containing tailings, previously processed by amalgamation, into solution via glycine (NH(2)CH2COOH) leaching. In this regard, a precipitation method using sodium sulfide (Na2S) was developed to remove Hg from solutions obtained after glycine leaching. The effects of precipitation time, pH, Na2S dosage, and temperature were investigated. The effects of pH, precipitation time, and temperature were found to be limited within the investigated ranges. The results showed that Na2S dosage was the most effective parameter in mercury removal. The initial Hg concentration of 12,160 ppb was reduced to 223 ppb at a Na2S:Hg molar ratio of 60, corresponding to approximately 98% removal efficiency under the selected operating conditions. Increasing the Na2S:Hg ratio to 80 resulted in a slightly higher removal efficiency (similar to 99%) with a final Hg concentration of 144 ppb; however, a ratio of 60 was considered optimal in terms of reagent consumption and process efficiency. The outcomes indicate that Hg removal with Na2S is a rapid and effective process under alkaline conditions, while Au remains in solution and Cu and Ag are partially removed, indicating limited selectivity and the need for further optimization. Therefore, this study provides a basis for developing more environmentally friendly processes for amalgamation tailings.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/14204
GREEN SYNTHESIS AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION OF IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES FROM ROBINIA PSEUDOACACIA L. FRUITS FOR DYE REMOVAL FROM AQUEOUS SOLUTIONS
Demir, Semra; Akar, Bülent; Baltaci, Cemalettin
In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles were produced and characterized using a green synthesis method with Robinia pseudoacacia fruits. The structural and functional properties of the nanoparticles were investigated using XRD, TEM/EDX, and FTIR analyses. The results indicated that the produced iron oxide nanoparticles had nanoscale particle sizes and exhibited a poorly crystalline (predominantly amorphous) structure according to XRD analysis. The comparative adsorption performance of the synthesized FeONPs and fruit powder in the removal of malachite green (MG), phenol red (PR) and methylene blue (MB) from aqueous solutions was evaluated. According to the results, the adsorption capacity followed the order MB> MG > PR. FeONPs exhibited consistently higher Qₑ values across all dye systems compared to the fruit powder. High removal efficiencies were obtained at low and moderate initial concentrations, while increasing the adsorbent dose enhanced the overall removal but resulted in a reduction in the adsorption capacity per unit mass. The obtained findings indicate that biosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles can be used as an efficient and environmentally friendly adsorbent for eliminating environmental pollutants.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13917
A novel cloud point extraction method using a benzimidazole-based ligand for the preconcentration of toxic heavy metals in water and food samples
Ozdemir, Olcay; Duran, Celal; Mentese, Emre; Ozdes, Duygu
In the present research, a novel cloud point extraction (CPE) method was developed for the separation and preconcentration of toxic Cu(ii), Ni(ii), Pb(ii), and Cd(ii) ions in environmental water and vegetable samples, prior to their determination by flame atomic absorption spectrometry (FAAS). The ligand 2-(2-(4-fluorobenzyl)-1H-benzo[d]imidazole-1-yl)acetohydrazide (FB-BIAH) was employed for the first time as an analytical complexing agent for the aforementioned metal ions, and Triton X-114 (TX-114) was preferred as the nonionic surfactant. Within the scope of optimizing CPE conditions, experimental parameters, such as pH, FB-BIAH and surfactant amounts, and incubation temperature and time, as well as centrifugation speed and duration, were systematically investigated. The optimal conditions for the simultaneous quantitative recovery of analyte ions were established as pH 7.0, an FB-BIAH amount of 2.5 mg, a TX-114 quantity of 25 mg, an incubation temperature of 60 °C, and an incubation time of 30 min. Under optimal conditions, the proposed method was successfully applied to river water and seawater, as well as different vegetable samples such as lettuce, parsley, and pepper. The results obtained demonstrated that the analyte ions could be reliably determined in complex matrices and that the method exhibited high analytical performance. Due to its simplicity, rapid applicability, environmentally friendly nature, and cost-effectiveness, the proposed CPE-FAAS method represents a promising approach for the routine analysis of toxic heavy metals in environmental water and food samples. This journal is
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13897
Severity-Based Mapping of Land-Subsidence Hazard Zones and Critical Hotspots Using SBAS-InSAR and Spatial Statistics: The Konya Metropolitan Area, Turkey
Yalvac, Sefa; Bjelotomić Oršulić, Olga
Land subsidence induced by excessive groundwater withdrawal has become one of the most significant geohazards affecting the Konya Closed Basin, Turkey. Although previous studies have successfully monitored ground deformation using geodetic and remote sensing techniques, limited attention has been devoted to transforming deformation measurements into quantitative, spatially classified hazard information. This study presents a severity-based framework for delineating land-subsidence hazard zones and critical hotspots in the Konya metropolitan area by integrating SBAS-InSAR observations and spatial statistical analyses. A total of 82 Sentinel-1 SAR acquisitions (41 ascending and 41 descending images) acquired between January 2023 and May 2026 were processed using the Small Baseline Subset (SBAS) technique. Ascending and descending line-of-sight deformation measurements were combined to derive vertical deformation rates, which were integrated with spatial statistical indicators and a composite severity index to quantify deformation clustering and classify subsidence severity. Hazard zones and critical hotspot areas were delineated through severity-based classification and spatial connectivity analyses. The results reveal a continuous north–south-oriented subsidence deformation belt extending across the eastern Konya. Maximum vertical subsidence rates exceeded 230 mm/yr, while spatial statistical analyses confirmed strongly clustered and statistically significant deformation patterns. Severity-based hazard zonation identified four hazard classes and a continuous high-hazard corridor. Clustering analysis further identified a dominant hotspot belt covering approximately 160 km2, with mean subsidence rates of approximately 142 mm/yr. A sensitivity analysis of the composite severity index weighting scheme, the spatial statistical neighborhood distance, the DBSCAN clustering parameters, and the number of Jenks severity classes confirmed that the resulting hazard zones and critical hotspot belt are robust to reasonable parameter variations. The findings demonstrate that land subsidence in Konya is organized as a spatially continuous regional-scale deformation system rather than a collection of isolated subsidence centers. The proposed framework transforms InSAR-derived deformation measurements into quantitative, decision-support hazard information and provides a transferable methodology for land-subsidence hazard assessment in groundwater-stressed urban environments.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13890
A concise approach for interpreting the removal kinetic of 2,4-D by carbonized peanut shell
Gülen, Jale; Karpuz, Ömer
The present study displays the adsorption characteristics of dichloro phenoxy acetic acid (2.4-D) on biomass-based peanut shell (BPC) carbon. Experiments were conducted by varying some parameters like concentration, pH, and temperature. 2,4-D adsorption uptake was increased from 0.504 to 3.826 mg/g with rising concentration from 1 µg/mL to 5 µg/mL and giving the highest adsorption at acidic pH. 1.605 mg/g uptake was obtained at pH 2.7. The data were in good harmony with Langmuir, Freundlic, Dubinin-Radushkevich (DR), and Generalized isotherms. The monolayer adsorption capacity was found as 42.62 ± 0.3257 mg/g. The kinetic was governed by the first-order kinetic. Various kinetic models were employed and particle diffusion was predominated for 2,4-D adsorption. Thermodynamics were explained in detail. The mean adsorption energy (E) was shown by the physical sorption, and Gibbs energy was the indicator of the spontaneous nature of the adsorption. Standard enthalpy, entropy, and Gibbs values were recorded as 5.064 ± 139.84, 18.849 ± 0.148, and 0,7414 ± 0.0943 J/mol. The results showed that BPC was an eco-friendly and cost-effective material.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13736
Utilizing Pollutant Waste Cheese Whey into Low-cost Broth for Bacterial Growth and Protein Production
Alkowlani, Amir Towfiq Hasan; Beldüz, Ali Osman; Çanakçi, Sabriye; Bektaş, Kadriye İnan; Ay, Fulya; Özyurt, Taner; Yıldız, Oktay
Cheese whey (CW), an abundant and nutrient-rich byproduct of cheese production, accounts for approximately 85% of milk volume and is generated globally in quantities reaching 145–200 million tons annually. Despite its biochemical complexity and high organic load, CW remains underutilized in microbial biotechnology. Its pollutant potential is up to 100 times higher than domestic sewage due to extreme biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD), high nutrient content, and acidity. Untreated discharge causes severe oxygen depletion, damages aquatic ecosystems, degrades soil, and contributes to climate change. This study evaluates CW as a sustainable and cost-effective alternative to synthetic bacterial growth media. Ten bacterial strains were cultured for 17 h in different forms of CW fresh, aged (up to two years), and dried and compared with standard Luria Bertani (LB) medium. Bacterial growth was assessed using optical density at 600 nm (OD₆₀₀), and protein yields were measured in µg/µL. CW supported growth ranged from OD₆₀₀ 2.36–4.46, comparable to 2.53–4.16 in LB, with protein yields between 0.19 and 0.43 µg/µL versus 0.18–0.44 µg/µL in LB. These findings demonstrate that CW can effectively support bacterial proliferation and protein production, offering a novel valorization route for a major agro-industrial pollutant while reducing environmental harm and fermentation costs.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/13721
Enhanced cationic dye adsorption using Stenotrophomonas indicatrix -modified MnFe2O4: performance evaluation and adsorption mechanism
Ozdes, Duygu; Dede, Alper; Turfan, Fatma Asya; Seker, Serdal
In this study, MnFe2O4 magnetic nanoparticles were modified with the Stenotrophomonas indicatrix bacteria for the first time in the literature to develop an effective and novel bio-adsorbent for the remediation of toxic cationic dyes, specifically Rhodamine 6G (R6G) and Methylene Blue (MB), from contaminated aqueous media. MnFe2O4 and bacteria-loaded MnFe2O4 were thoroughly characterized using FTIR, XRD, and SEM-EDX analyses. XRD results confirmed that the cubic spinel structure of MnFe2O4 was preserved after bacterial modification, while FTIR spectra evidenced the successful incorporation of biological functional groups, including –NH, –OH, amide, and phosphate moieties, onto the nanoparticle surface. Adsorption performance of the dyes was evaluated in terms of parameters including aqueous solution pH, equilibrium time, bacteria-loaded MnFe2O4 dosage, and initial R6G and MB concentration. After investigating the effect of salt on adsorption efficiency, the applicability of the proposed adsorbent was assessed using real water samples. According to the experimental results, the optimum pH and equilibrium period for the uptake of both dyes were determined to be 8.0 and 60 min, respectively. Kinetic analyses showed that the pseudo-second order kinetic model exhibited a superior fit in representing the adsorption rates of both dyes, while isotherm studies indicated that both Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models fit the experimental data well. While the adsorption capacities of pure MnFe2O4 for MB and R6G were 19.5 mg g− 1 and 15.3 mg g− 1, respectively, these values reached 67.6 mg g− 1 and 59.5 mg g− 1 for the bacteria-loaded MnFe2O4. The obtained data revealed that bacterial modification significantly increased the adsorption capacity of MnFe2O4, suggesting that the developed bio-adsorbent stands out as an effective and promising candidate for the remediation of dye-contaminated effluents.
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Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13708
Activated Carbon Derived from Coal and its Application for Wastewater Treatment
Daulay, Amru; Yassaroh, Yassaroh; Huda, Miftahul; Sumardi, Slamet; Prasetia, Hendra; Kumaş, Cavit; Yusmiati; Lestari, Devi
Coal is used to produce fuels, chemicals, and other high-value-added products to improve efficiency. Activated carbon (AC) derived from coal is an important part of coal’s resource utilization and is high-value-added. This study presents relevant research on AC derived from coal, including raw material selection, preparation methods, modification techniques, and regeneration methods. The potential applications of AC derived from coal for the adsorption of contaminants, including heavy metals, pesticides, pharmaceutical compounds, and organic and inorganic compounds, are reviewed. One of the advantages of using AC derived from coal in wastewater treatment is high adsorption, low cost, and sustainability.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13675
The Trend of Monthly Mean Streamflow Values and Regimes in the Susurluk Basin (Türkiye) with Mountain and Semi-Arid Climates
Yıldız, Mehmet Berkant; Toğrul, Burçe; Kankal, Murat; Akçay, Fatma; Şan, Murat; Nacar, Sinan
This study diagnoses monthly trends in streamflow magnitude and regime for the Susurluk Basin (Türkiye), which spans semi-arid and mountainous sub-climates. Monthly records from 1990 to 2019 were analyzed at 14 stream gauges and nine precipitation stations. Trends are assessed with the Mann–Kendall (MK) test alongside recent graphical approaches, Improved Visualization for Innovative Trend Analyses (IV-ITA) to resolve value class-based (low/high) behavior, and Innovative Polygon Trend Analysis (IPTA) with the Star Concept to quantify intra-annual transitions. Before the trend analyses, the stations were tested to determine whether their values were homogeneous, and any inhomogeneous stations were excluded from the study. The consistency between the trends of nine precipitation stations and the streamflow data in the basin was analyzed. Across the basin, the average streamflow increased by approximately 40–60% between January and March at many measurement points. However, it then decreased by around 80% in April, albeit at a more moderate rate in December. This suggests significant rebalancing occurred during the December–April period, when most of the annual streamflow occurs. IV-ITA exhibits broadly similar trends for both low and high streamflow classes, with notable exceptions in January–February. Precipitation–streamflow trend directions are largely consistent in the high-flow season (December–April), supporting the notion that climatic control influences the detected shifts. To contextualize these signals, basin-wide land-use/land-cover shifts (1990–2018), notably urban growth, forest expansion, and cropland reconfiguration, provide process context, indicating that a larger fraction of rainfall is routed as fast surface runoff while infiltration and base streamflow recharge decline, alongside seasonally modified water demand. Collectively, the MK+IV-ITA+IPTA framework reveals class-specific and intra-annual dynamics that are obscured by monolithic tests alone and provides decision-relevant evidence for allocation, drought–flood risk, and operations in an intensively managed basin.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/13577
Hydrothermal synthesis of do-TAB/CNP@NiO nanocatalyst for efficient photocatalytic degradation of acetaminophen: Characterization, photocatalytic mechanism and degradation pathways of drug wastewater
Kıranşan, Murat
This study reports a comprehensive evaluation of acetaminophen (ACT) photocatalytic degradation in aqueous media using hydrothermally synthesized Do-TAB/Clinoptilolite (Do-TAB/CNP), NiO nanoparticles, and a hybrid Do-TAB/CNP@NiO nanocatalyst. The prepared materials were systematically characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRF, BET surface area, and BJH pore size analyses, confirming their crystalline structure, surface morphology, elemental composition, and porous features. The photocatalytic activity was investigated as a function of catalyst dosage, initial ACT concentration, solution pH, irradiation source, water matrix, and radical scavengers to clarify the degradation behavior and reactive species involved. Under optimal conditions, Do-TAB/CNP@NiO achieved 98.50% ± 0.75% ACT degradation within 120 min, whereas the maximum efficiency reached 99.92% ± 0.82% at 10 mg L−1 ACT under the same catalyst dosage. Kinetic analysis revealed pseudo–first–order behavior, with apparent rate constants (kapp) of 0.0061–0.0565 min−1 for catalyst dosage, 0.0117–0.0599 min−1 for ACT concentration, and 0.0218–0.0350 min−1 for water matrices. Radical scavenging tests verified the dominant contribution of reactive oxygen species and the synergistic interaction between NiO and Do-TAB-modified CNP. The hybrid catalyst exhibited stable reusability, with degradation efficiency decreasing from 98.50% to 89.68% after six cycles. Under optimized conditions, pharmaceutical degradation followed the order MET (99.90%) ' ACT (98.50%) ' SMX (88.45%) ' NAP (86.90%) ' CIP (83.89%) ' NAL (79.17%). Compared with NiO nanoparticles (70.34%), Do-TAB/CNP (63.65%), and raw CNP (54.46%), Do-TAB/CNP@NiO demonstrated markedly enhanced photocatalytic performance, indicating its strong potential for pharmaceutical wastewater treatment applications in water.
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MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026/r/gumushane/13551
Boric acid-activated carbon derived from Scots pine sawdust for phenol removal: adsorption mechanism, linear and nonlinear kinetic and isotherm modeling, and artificial neural network prediction
Ozdes, Duygu; Turfan, Fatma Asya; Seker, Serdal; Kavgaci, Gonca; Onal, Yunus
In this study, a sustainable activated carbon was successfully prepared from Scots pine sawdust via boric acid activation (H3BO3-AC-SPS) and evaluated for phenol adsorption from aqueous solutions. The physicochemical characteristics of the adsorbent were investigated using FTIR, SEM-EDX, XRD, and BET analyses, while the effects of solution pH, contact time, adsorbent dosage, initial phenol concentration, temperature, ionic strength, and reusability without regeneration on the adsorption performance were systematically examined. H3BO3-AC-SPS exhibited excellent adsorption performance over a wide pH range (5–8), showed good tolerance to coexisting inorganic ions and organic contaminants, and retained appreciable adsorption efficiency over five consecutive adsorption cycles without regeneration. Phenol uptake increased with temperature, and NaOH enabled partial desorption of phenol. The adsorption kinetics and equilibrium data were analyzed using both linear and nonlinear regression approaches and comparatively evaluated based on the coefficient of determination (R2), sum of squared errors (SSE), and root mean square error (RMSE). The pseudo-second order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm exhibited the best predictive performance, with the Langmuir model estimating a maximum adsorption capacity of 65.4 mg g−1. The adsorption mechanism may involve π–π interactions, hydrogen bonding, pore filling, and hydrophobic interactions. In addition, an artificial neural network (ANN) model accurately predicted the adsorption behavior, yielding a high correlation coefficient (R = 0.9789). The applicability of H3BO3-AC-SPS was further demonstrated in stream water and mining wastewater. These findings demonstrate that boric acid activation is an effective strategy for converting Scots pine sawdust into a high-performance adsorbent and that integrating linear and nonlinear adsorption modeling with statistical error analysis provides a reliable framework for interpreting adsorption behavior. This journal is
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12318
Analysis of the Changes in River Water Quality and Quantity with Innovative Trend Methods
Şan, Murat; Nacar, Sinan; Bayram, Adem; Kankal, Murat
This study aims to investigate trends and changes in water quality (WQ) and quantity parameters under low-medium-high groups and seasonal trends employing innovative methods. The data were collected from three monitoring stations in the Broad River Basin (USA). The data spanning the years 1987–2020, on water temperature (WT), dissolved oxygen (DO), discharge (Q), and electrical conductivity (EC) parameters, were used for analysis. A combination of innovative trend analysis with binary segmentation (ITABS) was proposed for objective group separation for the purpose of group trend analysis, allowing for the capture of changes in both location and shape parameters. Recently proposed innovative polygon trend Wilcoxon significance test (IPTWST) and innovative polygon trend analysis (IPTA) were also used to examine seasonal trends for the first time, providing a graphical and qualitative analysis of seasonal behavior. The seasonal Mann-Kendall test was also used to compare them. The ITABS method grouped WQ parameters into more than one group, except for the DO parameter. Especially from EC and Q parameters, it is concluded that the trends in groups do not always contribute to the overall trend or at the same rate. Group trends, therefore, should not be ignored for water resources management. According to IPTA and IPTWST, although there is no clear trend in certain seasons, it is evident that seasonal trends exist, and the Q and EC parameters have a more complex structure. The IPTWST method has the advantage of being able to graphically show the inter-seasonal behavior, although it is identical to the seasonal Mann-Kendall method.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/12301
Assessment of Atmospheric Acidifying Pollutant Trends and Their Potential Impact on Aquatic Carbon Stability in a Semi-Arid Basin: The Case of Konya
Tona, Aziz Uğur; Demir, Vahdettin
The behavior of the carbon cycle within the Land-Ocean Aquatic Continuum (LOAC) is shaped not only by aquatic processes but also by chemical interactions occurring at the atmosphere–water interface. In particular, the transport of acid rain precursors such as SO2 and NOx to surface waters via deposition can alter the water’s pH balance, thereby affecting Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) fractions and CO2 emission potential. In this study, air quality measurements from three monitoring stations (Bosna, Karatay, and Meram) in Konya province of Türkiye, along with precipitation and temperature data from a representative meteorological station for the period 2021–2023, were analyzed using the Mann–Kendall Trend Test. Additionally, seasonal pH values of groundwater were examined, and their trends were compared with those of the other variables. The findings reveal striking differences on a station basis. At the Bosna station, while NO (Z = 10.80), NO2 (Z = 9.47), and NOx (Z = 10.04) showed strong increasing trends, O3 decreased significantly (Z = −15.14). At the Karatay station, significant increasing trends were detected for CO (Z = 10.01), PM10 (Z = 8.59), SO2 (Z = 5.55), and NOx (Z = 2.44), whereas O3 exhibited a negative trend (Z = −6.54). At the Meram station, a significant decrease was observed in CO (Z = −11.63), while NO2 showed an increasing trend (Z = 3.03). Analysis of meteorological series indicated no significant trend in precipitation (Z = −0.04), but a distinct increase in temperature (Z = 2.90, p < 0.01). These findings suggest that the increasing NOx load in the Konya atmosphere accelerates O3 consumption and, combined with rising temperatures, creates a potential for change in the carbon chemistry of aquatic systems. The results demonstrate that atmospheric pollutant trends constitute an indirect but significant pressure factor on the aquatic carbon cycle in semi-arid regions and highlight the necessity of integrating atmospheric processes into carbon budget analyses within the scope of LOAC.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12246
Valorization of tea industry waste into boric acid–activated carbon for phenol removal from aqueous solutions
Duran, Celal; Ozdes, Duygu; Ozdemir, Olcay; Onal, Yunus; Gundogdu, Ali
The tea industry generates substantial quantities of solid waste with limited high-value industrial applications. In this study, tea industry waste was converted into boric acid-activated carbon (BA–TAC) through a simple one-step chemical activation process and evaluated as an adsorbent for phenol removal from aqueous solutions. BA–TAC exhibited a mixed micro–mesoporous structure with a BET surface area of 592.59 m2 g−1. The adsorption performance was investigated as a function of solution pH, contact time, and initial phenol concentration. Adsorption kinetics were evaluated using pseudo-first order, pseudo-second order, Elovich, Avrami, and intraparticle diffusion models, whereas equilibrium data were analyzed using Langmuir, Freundlich, and Sips isotherms. Linear, pseudo-linear, and non-linear regression approaches were comparatively evaluated, demonstrating the limitations of conventional linearization and the superiority of direct non-linear regression. Moreover, the so-called linearized forms of multi-parameter models such as Sips are not truly linear because iterative parameter estimation remains necessary. The maximum experimental phenol adsorption capacity reached 101.80 mg g−1 despite the moderate BET surface area of BA–TAC. The experimentally determined natural pH and pHpzc values, together with the limited desorption efficiency, indicated that adsorption was governed predominantly by surface chemical interactions rather than electrostatic attraction alone. XPS analysis confirmed the incorporation of boron-containing surface functionalities, highlighting their contribution to phenol adsorption. Overall, this study demonstrates the successful valorization of tea industry waste into a functional boron-modified activated carbon while providing methodological guidance for reliable adsorption kinetics and equilibrium modeling, thereby supporting sustainable waste valorization.
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MakaleYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/12204
Monthly precipitation trends in Türkiye under complex topography and varying climate: a seasonal Mann–Kendall and innovative polygon trend framework
Şan, Murat; Nacar, Sinan; Kankal, Murat
The impacts of climate change are increasingly sensible, and Türkiye with its varied topography and diverse climate types is particularly exposed to these shifts. Understanding how precipitation patterns are evolving across its regions is therefore critical. While trend analysis is a widely used tool for this purpose, conventional approaches overlook periodicity, limiting their practical value for water resource management and irrigated agriculture. Therefore, this study aims to examine seasonal trends in long-term (1969–2020) monthly total precipitation in Türkiye, in which each calendar month is treated as a separate season in the sense of seasonal trend-analysis terminology, accounting for altitude, slope, geographical region, and Köppen climate classification. For this purpose, the seasonal Mann-Kendall (SMK) test and the innovative polygon trend Wilcoxon significance test (IPWST), a relatively new graphical method, were used, and the two approaches were comparatively evaluated. According to the study’s results, the rate of increase in coastal areas, specifically the Aegean and Black Seas, exceeds the rate of decrease. In contrast, the reverse is observed in inland and eastern regions. The IPTWST method indicates a more pronounced increasing trend in the Marmara and Mediterranean regions. Furthermore, although analogous trends are observed at lower slopes and altitudes, analyses indicate that these trends are more strongly related to altitude, with the rate of increase decreasing as altitude increases. The IPTWST identified significant or weak trend signals at a larger number of stations than the SMK, particularly in relation to altitude. Nationwide, the two methods revealed significant increases of 7% and decreases of 6%, respectively; this pattern was supported by statistical tests, reflecting the variability of regional climates and the influence of topographic factors on trend analysis.
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MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/12190
Process Intensification Sonocatalytic Degradation of Malachite Green Wastewater over Hydrothermally Engineered M-ZLT@Co3O4 Nanocatalyst: Structure–Activity Relationships, Radical-Mediated Mechanism and Degradation Pathways
Kıranşan, Murat
This study reports the sonocatalytic degradation of malachite green (MG) in media using synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles and a CTAB-modified zeolite supported Co3O4 hybrid nanocatalyst (M-ZLT@Co3O4). The catalysts were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, SEM-EDX, TEM, XRF, N2 adsorption–desorption, BET, and BJH analyses, verifying crystalline Co3O4 formation, successful immobilization on the modified zeolite support, porous architecture, morphology and elemental distribution. Under optimized conditions of 1 g L−1 catalyst dosage, 20 mg L−1 MG concentration, natural pH, and 300 W L−1 ultrasonic power, M-ZLT@Co3O4 achieved 99.31% ± 0.45% degradation within 120 min. Decreasing the MG concentration to 5 mg L−1 increased the efficiency to 99.96% ± 0.64%, confirming high activity at low pollutant loading. The degradation followed pseudo-first-order kinetics, with kapp values of 0.0042–0.0595 min−1 depending on catalyst dosage, 0.0046–0.0667 min−1 for initial MG concentration, and 0.0117–0.0620 min−1 under pH conditions. Water matrix inhibition followed distilled water (99.31%) > tap water (96.08%) > river water (88.84%) > lake water (86.90%), whereas higher ultrasonic power increased degradation from 91.98% at 200 W L−1 to 99.90% at 500 W L−1. Dye degradation followed MG (99.31%) > CR (95.78%) > BY2 (92.15%) > MV (90.24%) > AO7 (85.62%) > RB19 (82.49%). Comparative tests demonstrated performance for US/M-ZLT@Co3O4 (99.31%) compared with US/Co3O4 nanoparticles (78.48%), US/ZLT (72.86%), and US/MG alone (35.71%). The best activity was obtained at 0.8–2 g L−1 catalyst dosage and 5–20 mg L−1 MG concentration, while reusability tests showed a decrease from 99.31% to 78.82% after six cycles, indicating promising stability.
İncele
MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19783
Gümüşhane ili içme suyunun spektrofotometrik analizi
Kaya, Ali
Su dünya üzerinde canlıların temel yaşam kaynaklarından biridir. Yıllar geçtikçe suya olan ihtiyaç artmakta ve temiz su kaynaklarına ulaşmak zorlaşmaktadır. Bu araştırmanın amacı Gümüşhane il merkezine su sağlayacak kaynaklardan biri olan Bahçecik barajı ve il merkezinde kullanılmakta olan içme suyunun nadir elementler açısından inceleyebilmektir. Araştırmada Spektrofotometrik analiz tekniği kullanılmıştır. Alandan araştırma şartlarına uygun olarak numuneler toplanmıştır. Bu numunelerin analizi yapılarak içme suyunun pH değeri, İletkenliği, içerdiği Alüminyum, Demir, Nitrit, Amonyum, Bakır, Sülfat, Nitrat, Potasyum ve Brom elementlerinin miktarları belirlenmiştir. Bu değerler Türk Standartları Enstitüsünün ve Dünya Sağlık Örgütünün belirlediği standart değerlerle karşılaştırılmıştır. Sonuçlar üzerinde gerekli değerlendirilmeler yapılarak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
İncele
MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19780
Production of Pure PVC, Graphene and Carbon Nanotube-Doped PVC Electrospun Nanofiber Membranes: A Highly Effective Method for Removing Acid Blue 74 Dye from Wastewater
Bozbeyoglu, Pinar; Ozkan, Vildan
Dyeing wastewater is produced by various industries, including textiles, cosmetics, tanning, and plastics. Annually, about 1.6 million tons of dyes are manufactured, with 10-15% released into the environment as wastewater. Organic dyes are particularly harmful pollutants, even at low concentrations. The adsorption technique has proven effective for removing these pollutants from water, significantly relying on the properties and efficiency of the adsorbent. Nanofibers are emerging as promising adsorbents for dye removal due to their unique properties and high efficiency. This research focuses on polymeric nanofibers to address global dye pollution, as they effectively eliminate various dyes and contaminants. However, their mechanical properties can be a limitation under harsh conditions. To enhance their strength and hydrophilicity, incorporating nanofillers like carbon nanotubes and graphene oxide has shown significant benefits. This study examines the impact of different nanofibers on the adsorption of Acid Blue 74 (AB74) dye. Pure, carbon nanotube-doped, and graphene-doped PVC nanofibers were produced via electrospinning. Their properties were analyzed using FTIR and SEM, while key parameters such as contact time, adsorbent dosage, dye concentration, and pH were assessed to understand the adsorption behavior. Additionally, dye adsorption isotherms and kinetics were investigated.
İncele