Gümüşhane ÜniversitesiGümüşhane ÜniversitesiAçık Erişim Arşivi · RDL Open

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

Yayınlar

Yeniden eskiyeEskiden yeniye
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Evaluation of turbulence models for the prediction of flow properties in vegetated channels

    Sibil (Şibil), Rahim

    The performance of turbulence models was investigated to predict the flow and turbulence features of the vegetated channel using computational fluid dynamics (CFD). The Ansys Fluent, CFD software was implemented for the numerical studies. The flow was three-dimensional, incompressible, steady, and turbulent. Ten turbulence models, provided by Ansys Fluent, were implemented for the comparative study. The numerical model was validated against an experimental study conducted in the literature. The numerical studies show that the Renormalization group k-ϵ model is the most successful model for predicting the flow characteristics of the vegetated channel with a Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) value of 0.2752. At the same time, the Reynolds Stress Model gives the least successful predictive performance, indicated by an RMSE value of 0.4302. Moreover, the Spalart-Allmaras (S-A) model offers the shortest computation time with a value of 6652.393 s, whereas the Shear Stress Transport k-ω model proves to be the most time-consuming with a value of 11 952.219 s. The velocity of water flow in a channel is not uniform as it is slower at the surface of leaves and faster in the free zones. The maximum velocity is observed in the middle section of the channel, below the leaf, and between the roots with the value of u = 0.1158 m/s. Furthermore, the characteristics of turbulence in a channel are influenced by several factors such as channel geometry, flow velocity, and vegetation distribution. As a result, the presence of vegetation in a channel affects the flow and turbulence characteristics of the water significantly.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    A general class of improved population variance estimators under non-sampling errors using calibrated weights in stratified sampling

    Pandey, M.K.; Singh, G.N.; Zaman, Tolga; Mutairi, Aned Al; Mustafa, Manahil SidAhmed

    This paper proposes a new calibration estimator for population variance within a stratified two-phase sampling design. It takes into account random non-response and measurement errors, specifically applying this method to estimate the variance in Gas turbine exhaust pressure data. The study integrates additional information from two highly positively correlated auxiliary variables to develop a general class of estimators tailored for the stratified two-phase sampling scheme. The properties of these estimators, in terms of their biases and mean square errors, have been thoroughly examined and extensively analyzed through numerical and simulation studies. Furthermore, the calibrated weights of the strata are derived. The proposed estimators outperform the natural estimator of population variance. Finally, suitable recommendations have been made for survey statisticians intending to apply these findings to real-life problems.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Thenovel numerical solutions for conformable fractional Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations by using Cq-HATM and CHPETM

    Avit, Özkan; Anac, Halil

    The present study used the novel conformable fractional methods to examine the nonlinear Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equations of the conformable fractional derivative. The Kuramoto-Sivashinsky equation is a mathematical model employed to elucidate a diverse range of chemical and physical phenomena, encompassing chemical reaction-diffusion processes, plasma instabilities, viscous flow issues, flame front propagation, and magnetized plasmas. The present inquiry provides an examination of convergence and error for the future scheme. The conformable q-homotopy analysis transform method (Cq-HATM) provides h-curves that illustrate the convergence range of the series solution achieved. In order to validate the effectiveness and suitability of the Cq-HATM, we examine separate instances. In this study, we introduce an application that demonstrates the potential benefits and effectiveness of the proposed approach. Furthermore, an error analysis is performed in order to verify the accuracy of the scheme. Numerical simulations are conducted to validate the precision of the forthcoming approach. The findings obtained from the numerical and graphical analyses are presented in this study. The method provided in this study showcases a notable degree of computational precision and ease in examining and resolving intricate phenomena related to conformable fractional nonlinear partial differential equations within the domains of science and technology.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Fusion of transformer attention and CNN features for skin cancer detection

    Reis, Hatice Catal; Turk, Veysel

    Melanoma is a skin cancer that spreads quickly and has serious risks. Early diagnosis is essential, but since the symptoms of skin lesions in the early stages are vague and similar, they can be difficult for specialists to detect. Therefore, machine learning-based alternative diagnostic methods can be developed in addition to existing ones. This study proposes a new deep learning model, a modified lightweight vision transformer (ViT) architecture, and a hybrid framework developed with an integrated deep learning model and an Ensemble Learning (EL) model for the early-stage diagnosis of skin lesions. The proposed deep learning model was developed based on convolution layers and transformers. The model is called multi-head attention block depthwise separable convolution network (MABSCNET). The proposed hybrid framework was developed by combining modern deep learning and EL models pre-trained with the ImageNet dataset along with the MABSCNET model. In the experimental process, the effectiveness of the proposed methods was evaluated on the ISIC 2020 dataset. Additionally, additional experiments were conducted on ISIC 2018 and a Kaggle dataset to analyze the proposed hybrid framework's classification performance. Image enhancement techniques were used in the datasets. In the ISIC 2020 dataset, the MABSCNET model reached 78.63 % accuracy, the ViT model obtained 76.50 %, and the hybrid framework reached 92.74 % accuracy. Moreover, the proposed hybrid framework achieved 100 % on the ISIC 2018 dataset and 94.24 % on the Kaggle dataset.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2024
    Gyroscopic precession control for maneuvering two-wheeled robot recoil stabilization

    Çetin, Gökhan; Ünker, Faruk

    A two-wheeled robot has high maneuverability and can spin around with a high velocity but is prone to roll over under a recoil force. Because the wheels are only used to control the maneuver speed of the robot. However, a two-wheeled robot using a gyroscope does not need the control of the wheels and can maintain the stability of the robot under a recoil force during maneuvers even if the gimbal of the gyroscope is not controlled by a torque. In this study, the equations of motion of the gyroscopic robot are derived via Lagrangian equations, and the balancing performance of the uncontrolled gyroscope is simulated via Matlab to determine a desired configuration for mechatronics system design. Then, a linear-quadratic regulator (LQR) is implemented to the chosen control moment gyroscope (CMG) configuration and compared in simulations of RecurDyn. LQR controller was used to prevent oscillating motions of double CMGs under the recoil force of a weapon. The simulation results showed that the gyroscopic two-wheeled robot is improved using an LQR controller and powerfully balanced in static with excellent performance.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Characterization of cellulose produced by bacteria isolated from different vinegars

    Güzel, Melih

    Traditional vinegars are naturally produced from sugar- or starch-containing raw materials, through alcoholic fermentation followed by acetic fermentation. Fermentation is a spontaneous and complex process involving interactions between various microorganisms. In this study, we produced vinegar using traditional methods from six fruits: rosehip, pear, fig, wild pear, apple, and plum. Bacteria that produce bacterial cellulose (BC) were isolated from these vinegars and identified. In addition, we investigated the properties of BC produced from these bacteria. The strains isolated from vinegars were identified as Gluconobacter oxydans strain MG2022, Acetobacter tropicalis strain MG2022, Acetobacter fabarum strain MG2022, Komagataeibacter saccharivorans strain MG2022, K. saccharivorans strain EG2022, and Acetobacter lovaniensis strain OD2022. In total, 0.83–2.04 g/L BC was produced and the bacterial strain isolated from pear vinegar yielded the most BC. BC produced by the bacterial strain isolated from wild pear vinegar had the highest thermal stability and crystallinity (87.44 %). Overall, this study shows that different fruits contain different BC-producing bacteria in their natural flora and vinegars obtained from fruits can be used in BC production. Also, different BC-producing bacteria can be isolated from different vinegars, and BC produced by these bacteria might have different properties.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Production and Enrichment of Erucic Acid Methyl Ester Analytical Standards from Natural Oils for Food Control Analysis

    Karabaş, Yağmur; Gül, Abdulkadir; Karpuz, Ömer; Akdoğan, Arda; Baltacı, Cemalettin

    Foods high in erucic acid (EA), a fatty acid considered a natural toxin, can pose various health risks. Studies have reported that people exposed to high levels of EA are more likely to experience cardiovascular disease, are susceptible to myocardial adiposity, and have increased rates of diabetes. Therefore, in 2019, the European Commission (EC) declared that the maximum EA content in vegetable oils should be no more than 2%. These regulations require EA analysis in import and export food samples. A methyl ester of EA (EAME) standard is required to analyze EA content. In many countries, this analytical standard is not available and is being imported. This study endeavored to economically produce the EAME standard, which is in high demand due to mandated analysis, using natural oils. Initially, the fatty acid amounts in the food samples were analyzed by the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry/flame ionization detection (GC-MS/FID) method. The analyses revealed that mustard seed oil had the lowest EA content, while yellow mustard seed oil had the maximum EA content. The esterification was conducted on the samples containing both high and low EA, resulting in an efficiency of approximately 80%. The crystallization process was subsequently repeated to increase the EA quantity until the highest EAME content was obtained. By this process, 14 different concentrations of EAME ranging from 2.33 to 55.66% were produced. These results demonstrate the first successful production of EAME standards from natural oils that can be used in validation and internal quality control studies for food control analysis.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Determination of fatty acid, cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and aroma components of traditionally and commercially produced Trabzon butters

    Gündoğdu, Engin; Beşer, Musa

    This study investigated 29 butter samples from Trabzon, Turkey. Cholesterol contents ranged from 134.13 to 325 mg/100 g, α-tocopherol contents ranged from 1.62 to 3.37 mg/100 g, and β-carotene contents ranged from 4.46 to 15.60 μg/g. Fatty acid composition analysis showed variations, with palmitic acid ranging from 26.11 % to 44.25 %, oleic acid from 19.55 % to 29.80 %, and linoleic acid from 1.63 % to 3.04 %. A total of 44 aroma components were identified. Traditional butter samples exhibited differences in aroma components and fatty acid composition compared to commercial butter. Notably, traditional butter had higher concentrations of octanoic and n-decanoic acids than commercial butter. Moreover, some aroma components such as N-butanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, decanoic acid, and pentadecane were found exclusively in traditional butters. Traditional butter showed higher α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents. These findings underscore the distinct chemical profiles of traditional and commercial butter samples, influenced by production methods and possibly geographical origin.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Determining the health-seeking behaviors of people with epilepsy

    Bingöl, Nuray; İşcan Ayyildiz, Neşe; Aktepe Coşar, Dilan

    Purpose: Health-seeking behaviors of individuals who have epilepsy might affect the treatment of the disease, recovery process, and self-care activities. The present study was conducted to determine the health-seeking behaviors of individuals who have epilepsy. Materials and methods: The present study was conducted in a descriptive and cross-sectional design with 190 epilepsy patients who applied to the Neurology Clinic in the north and east of Turkey between April 2023 and January 2024. The data of the study were collected by using the Introductory Data Form, Health-Seeking Behavior Scale (HSBS). The IBM SPSS 27 software, variance analysis, Tamhane T2, ANOVA Test, Tukey Test, and Multiple Regression Analysis were used to evaluate the study data. Results: The mean score of the online health-seeking behavior sub-dimension of the Health-Seeking Behavior Scale of the individuals who had epilepsy was found to be 13.32 ± 5.40, the mean score of the professional health-seeking behavior sub-dimension was 9.92 ± 2.75, and the mean score of the traditional health-seeking behavior sub-dimension was 8.46 ± 3.29. No significant differences were detected between individuals’ sex, seizure types, and health-seeking behaviors, and a significant difference was detected between marital status, educational status, place of residence, occupation, income level, seizure frequency, and medication use status and health-seeking behaviors (p < 0.05). According to the multiple linear regression analysis that was used to examine the effects of sociodemographic characteristics of individuals with epilepsy on health seeking behavior scale scores, it was found that sociodemographic characteristics such as educational status, place of residence, marital status, and age significantly affected online, professional, and traditional health seeking behavior scores. Conclusion: In conclusion, it was found in the present study that the online health-seeking behavior of the individuals who had epilepsy was higher than other health-seeking behaviors. The health-seeking behaviors of patients were affected by sociodemographic characteristics (e.g., marital status, educational status, place of residence, occupation, income level, seizure frequency, and medication use). It is of great importance to conduct larger future studies on individuals who have epilepsy and are seeking traditional treatment for epileptic seizures because the sources from which health information is obtained might affect the diagnosis, treatment, and recovery processes.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2024
    Edge detection and depth estimation of Lake Sapanca, Eastern Marmara Region, from high-resolution magnetic data

    Aktaş, Gülten

    The present study aims to determine submarine structural elements by analysing high-resolution magnetic data sets and to examine the impact of geological surface structures characterizing Lake Sapanca. Lake Sapanca is located on the northern branch of the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The study area and its immediate surroundings are located within the most active tectonic structure of Turkey. A magnetic study was carried out in Sapanca Lake to reveal the structural elements that caused the formation of the lake. Diurnal corrections were applied to the magnetic data. During the analysis of the marine magnetic data set, there are variations in the mean field level of the magnetic field caused by the routing effects of ship noise on the measurements. To eliminate this noise effect, directional correction was performed. Then, de-stripping correction was also applied. It is essential to estimate the boundaries and depths of the structural features of the region. In order to elucidate the structural features of the region, different techniques such as tilt angle derivative, the total horizontal derivative of tilt angle derivative, Euler 2D deconvolution, horizontal gradient magnitude, and source edge detection were applied to magnetic data. 2-D modelling using GM-SYS in Oasis Montaj were performed. These techniques identified and mapped the edges of anomalous sources related to magnetic data corresponding to geological elements in the study area. The results allow us to image the submarine lineaments for the survey area. These structural lineaments are in E–W, NE–SW and NW–SE trends. These lineaments in our results are quite compatible with the faults in previous geophysical results. The E–W trending lineaments are related to the E–W trending faults in the region.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Bioethanol Production from Mulberry Molasses Waste with Ohmic-Assisted Hydrodistillation

    Tunç, Merve Tuğçe; Genç, Berna; Karataş, Şeyda Merve

    In this study, the fermentation process of bioethanol production conditions were optimized by response surface methodology. Mulberry molasses production waste was used as the only carbon source for yeast fermentation to produce bioethanol. Hydrodistillation (HD) and ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation (OAHD) methods were employed to concentrate the bioethanol. Fermentation time (48–168 h), waste matter rate (5–45%) and pH (5–7) were selected as independent variables. Alcohol concentration was treated as the response. Optimum fermentation conditions were determined as 96.894 h fermentation time, 45% waste ratio and pH 7. At these optimum conditions, alcohol concentration was determined as 3.77 ± 0.33%. While the distillate obtained in the HD method contained 22.50 ± 1.89% alcohol, it showed 27.72 ± 0.24% in the OAHD method. The energy consumption values for OAHD and HD was 2.92 ± 0.51 and 53.24 ± 1.74 Wh/mL bioethanol, respectively. Results of study showed that the OAHD could be a cost-effective and green method to distillation of bioethanol from mulberry molasses waste.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2024
    Attitudes of Individuals with a Family History of Hypertension Towards the Prevention of Hypertension and Health Locus of Control

    Demir Doğan, Melike; Akdemir, Rabia Rumeysa

    This study was conducted to determine the attitudes of individuals with a family history of hypertension towards the prevention of hypertension, their health locus of control, and the factors affecting these attitudes. The data of this cross-sectional study were collected from 97 individuals through face-to-face interviews between 01 March 2023 and 01 June 2023. A Descriptive Information Form, the Attitudes Scale Towards Prevention of Hypertension, and the Multidimensional Health Locus of Control Scale-Form A were used to collect data. It was observed that the participants had a high level of attitudes towards prevention of hypertension. Their knowledge of disease and risk, habits and lifestyle attitudes, attitudes towards prevention and control, and attitudes towards mental state and physical activity were positively high. Those who lived with their families had lower attitudes towards the prevention of hypertension, attitudes towards prevention and control, and knowledge of disease and risk than those who lived alone. Smokers had lower attitudes towards habits and lifestyles than non-smokers. As age advanced, attitudes towards the prevention of hypertension, attitudes towards prevention and control, and attitudes towards habits and lifestyles rose. Attitudes towards prevention and control declined as educational levels elevated. As educational level elevated, knowledge of disease and risk declined. It was found that the locus of control of the individuals was the internal locus of control, and as the internal locus of control grew, their attitudes towards the prevention of hypertension, attitudes of prevention and control, knowledge of disease and risk, attitudes of mental state and physical activity, and attitudes of habit and lifestyle positively increased.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Factors Influencing the Boycott Intentions of Turkish Consumers amid the Israel-Palestine Conflict

    Avci, Ibrahim

    Purpose – The goal of the research is to determine the perceived efficacy of brand boycotting campaigns by Turkish consumers, as well as the effects of social pressure on boycott intention, the mediating role of social media, and the moderating role of discount sensitivity on these effects. Theoretical framework – The research idea and model were developed following previous boycott research (Shin and Yoon, 2018; Muhamad et al., 2018; Asnawi et al., 2019; Zhai and Luo, 2023). Design/methodology/approach – Data were collected from Turkish consumers using the convenience sampling method and an online survey. Using data from 417 consumers, the research hypotheses were investigated using structural equation modeling. Findings – According to the findings, perceived efficacy and social pressure have a significant effect on consumers’ boycott intentions, with social media playing a partial mediating role. Furthermore, consumers’ sensitivity to discounts offered by boycotted firms was found to have a moderating effect on the relationship between social pressure and boycott intention. Practical & social implications of research – Managers of boycotted brands should devise appropriate marketing strategies to minimize damage. Given the importance of social media in boycotts, it is imperative that brands actively use social media as a communication channel. Originality/value – The fact that the paper examines the idea of boycotting in the context of both social media and consumer discount sensitivity demonstrates the importance of the research and its contribution to filling a gap in the literature.

    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Monitoring Surface Deformations in a Fossil Landslide Zone and Identifying Potential Failure Mechanisms: A Case Study of Gümüşhane State Hospital

    Alemdag, Selçuk; Yalvaç, Sefa; Bjelotomić Oršulić, Olga; Kara, Osman; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Bostanci, Hasan Tahsin; Markovinović, Danko

    The escalating occurrence of landslides has drawn increasing attention from the scientific community, primarily driven by a combination of natural phenomena such as unpredictable seismic events, intensified precipitation, and rapid snowmelt attributable to climate fluctuations, compounded by inadequacies in engineering practices during site selection. Within the scope of this investigation, contemporary geodetic techniques using the GNSS were employed to monitor structural and surface deformations in and around a hospital edifice situated within an ancient fossil landslide region. Additionally, inclinometer measurements facilitated the determination of slip circle parameters. A subsequent analysis integrated these datasets to scrutinize both the hospital structure and its surrounding slopes. In addition to the finite element method, four different limit equilibrium methods (Bishop, GLE–Morgenstern–Price, Spencer, and Janbu) were used in the evaluation of stability. Since the safety number determined in all analyses was <1, it was determined that the slope containing the hospital building was unstable. The movement has occurred again due to the additional load created by the hospital building built on the currently stable slope, the effect of surface and groundwater, and the improperly designed road route. As a result of geodetic monitoring, it was determined that the sliding speed on the surface was in the N-E direction and was approximately 3 cm, and this situation almost coincided with inclinometer measurements.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Aggregation operators of complex fuzzy Z-number sets and their applications in multi-criteria decision making

    Köseoğlu, Ali; Altun, Fatma; Şahin, Rıdvan

    Fuzzy sets (FSs) are a flexible and powerful tool for reasoning about uncertain situations that cannot be adequately expressed by classical sets. However, these sets fall short in two areas. The first is the reliability of this tool. Z-numbers are an extension of fuzzy numbers that improve the representation of uncertainty by combining two important components: restriction and reliability. The second is the problems that need to be solved simultaneously. Complex fuzzy sets (CFSs) overcome this problem by adding a second dimension to fuzzy numbers and simultaneously adding connected elements to the solution. However, they are insufficient when it comes to problems involving these two areas. We cannot express real-life problems that need to be solved at the same time and require the reliability of the information given with any set approach given in the literature. Therefore, in this study, we propose the complex fuzzy Z-number set (CFZNS), a generalization of Z-numbers and CFS, which fills this gap. We provide the operational laws of CFZNS along with some properties. Additionally, we define two essential aggregation operators called complex fuzzy Z-number weighted averaging (CFZNWA) and complex fuzzy Z-number weighted geometric (CFZNWG) operators. Then, we present an illustrative example to demonstrate the proficiency and superiority of the proposed approach. Thus, we process multiple fuzzy expressions simultaneously and take into account the reliability of these fuzzy expressions in applications. Furthermore, we compare the results with the existing set operations to confirm the advantages and demonstrate the efficiency of the proposed approach. Considering the simultaneous expression of fuzzy statements, this study can serve as a foundation for new aggregation operators and decision-making problems and can be extended to many new applications such as pattern recognition and clustering.

    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Trends and amount changes of temperature and precipitation under future projections in high–low groups and intra-period for the Eastern Black Sea, the Wettest Basin in Türkiye

    Nacar, Sinan; Şan, Murat; Kankal, Murat; Okkan, Umut

    This study investigates the possible effects of climate change on temperature and precipitation variables in the Eastern Black Sea Basin, Türkiye’s wettest and flood-prone region. The outputs of three GCMs under historical, RCP4.5, and RCP8.5 scenarios were downscaled to regional scale using the multivariate adaptive regression splines method. The future monthly temperature and precipitation for 12 stations in the basin were projected for three periods: the 2030s (2021–2050), 2060s (2051–2080), and 2090s (2081–2100). In addition to relative changes, high and low groups and intra-period trends were analyzed for the first time using innovative methods. For the pessimistic scenario, an increase of 3.5 °C in the interior and 3.0 °C in the coastal areas of the basin is projected. For the optimistic scenario, these values are expected to be 2.5 and 2.0 °C, respectively. A decrease in precipitation is projected for the interior region, and a significant increase is expected for the eastern and coastal areas of the basin, especially in spring. This result indicates that floods will occur frequently coastal areas of the basin in the coming periods. Also, although the monotonic trends of temperatures during periods are higher than precipitation in interior regions, these regions may have more uncertainty as their trends are in different directions of low and high groups of different scenarios and GCMs and contribute to all trends, especially precipitation.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Characterization of biodegradable bi-layer films from thermoplastic starch and poly-l-lactic acid

    Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Uzuner, Kubra; Ozdemir, Sebahat; Kirac Demirel, Fatma Tuba; Dundar, Ayse Neslihan; Sahin, Oya Irmak; Dagdelen, Adnan Fatih; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker

    This study aimed to enhance the oxygen barrier properties of polylactic acid (PLA) film, a biodegradable packaging material with high oxygen permeability (OP). Bi-layer films were produced by coating thermoplastic starch (TPS) onto PLA films in various ratios while maintaining constant film thickness. The mechanical, optical, barrier, thermal, hydrophobicity, moisture sorption, and microstructural properties of the films were analyzed. Increasing the TPS ratio elevated moisture content (MC), water uptake, solubility, and opacity while enhancing UV barrier properties. TPS coating reduced tensile and burst strength but increased the burst deformation of the bi-layer films. Bi-layer film production resulted in a water vapor permeability increase of 59.26%–94.44% compared with neat PLA while decreasing OP by 2.52%–29.66%. The equilibrium moisture content (EMC) rose with higher TPS ratios, displaying type II isotherms. FTIR analysis indicated no chemical interactions between PLA and TPS. Increasing the TPS ratio decreased PLA crystallinity, supporting the mechanical and barrier properties of the bi-layer films. Neat and bi-layer films exhibited smooth, homogeneous surfaces, with a visible interface in the cross-section of the bi-layer films. In conclusion, TPS shows promise as an alternative to improve oxygen barrier properties in PLA films without adversely affecting other properties.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2024
    Identification of wart treatment evaluation by using optimum ensemble based classification techniques

    Balcı, Muharrem; Alkan, Ahmet

    Warts caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) do not disappear spontaneously with the body's natural immunity. This is due to many features of HPV, such as its weak immune effect, not entering the bloodstream and causing an immune response, and permanent infection of skin cells. HPV requires urgent treatment due to these characteristics and the fact that warts are most common on the hands and feet and are painful and disturbing. Choosing the most appropriate Cryotherapy or Immunotherapy treatment methods according to the patient's physiological characteristics is important in order to carry out the treatment process quickly. This study focuses on helping experts choose the most appropriate treatment for the most common plantar and common warts. For the selection of treatment method machine learning have been used. Bagged Tree and Subspace K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Ensemble classification algorithms were developed and tested on two data sets. These data sets were used to develop classification algorithms with pre- and post-treatment information of 180 patients receiving cryotherapy and immunotherapy treatments. The Subspace KNN Ensemble algorithm correctly predicted the treatment results of 88 of 90 patients receiving cryotherapy treatment, reaching 97.80% accuracy, and the Bagged Tree Ensemble algorithm correctly predicted 78 out of 90 patients receiving immunotherapy, reaching 86.7% accuracy. It has been shown that algorithms can help experts in terms of both high accuracy values ​​and fast decision making. The algorithms proposed have not been used before, and it has also been seen that they have superior performances than similar studies.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Measurement-based V2V propagation modeling in highway, suburban, and urban environments

    Hasırcı Tuğcu, Zeynep; Kuzulugil, Kenan; Çavdar, İsmail Hakkı

    Vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) communication is one of the promising communication applications designed to optimize traffic conditions and has played a crucial role in the improvement of intelligent transportation technologies. Since there is still some uncertainty regarding generalized models that provide a more accurate representation of propagation environments, the existing literature emphasizes the need for additional experimental studies in various countries and propagation environments. This study aims to investigate the low-density and high-density characteristics of V2V channels for highway, suburban, and urban propagation environments in Türkiye. Thus, first, channel measurements were conducted for all propagation scenarios. Then, after the estimation of path loss parameters, the best-fitted path loss model was determined for each propagation scenario by comparing log-distance, two-ray, and log-ray models. It was observed that the log-ray model offered remarkably better performance than the two-ray model, especially in the majority of scenarios with two-ray characteristics. In addition, small-scale modeling and shadowing were also examined, and the outcomes were compared to relevant literature. Last, generalized path loss models were developed for six propagation scenarios and compared with previous studies. Providing additional experimental data on the impact of traffic and road environments that vary across countries on the V2V channel, this study not only validated and compared existing propagation models but also improved the representing accuracy and generalizability of the newly proposed propagation models. Here, all findings were presented in detail to support the motivation of the research.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    • SDG 11 · Sürdürülebilir Şehirler ve Topluluklar
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2024
    Shape variation in cranium, mandible and teeth in selected mouse strains

    Ağaç, Duygu Küçük; Oktay, Ece; Onuk, Burcu; Kabak, Murat; Gündemir, Ozan

    There are different strains of laboratory mouse used in many different fields. These strains differ anatomically. In order to determine these anatomical differences, shape analysis was conducted according to species. CD-1, C57bl/6 and Balb-c strains were preferred to study these differences. Forty-eight adult mouse strains belonging to these strains were utilized. The bones were photographed and geometric morphometry was applied to these photographs. Principal Component Analysis was applied to determine shape variations. In Principal component 1 for cranium, CD-1 and C57bl/6 strain groups showed different shape variations, while Balb-c strain group showed similar shape variations to the other strain groups. Principal Component 1 for the mandible separated the CD-1 and C57bl/6 strain groups in terms of shape variation. Principal Component 2 explained most of the variation between the C57bl/6 and CD-1 lineage groups. In PC1 for molars, the CD-1 group showed a different shape variation from the other groups. Mahalanobis distances and Procrustes distances were measured using Canonical variance analysis to explain the differences between the lineage groups. These measurements were statistically significant. For cranium, in canonical variate 1, CD-1 group of mouse and Balb-c group of mouse were separated from each other. In canonical variate 2, C57bl/6 group of mouse were separated from the other groups. For mandible, Balb-c group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and CD-1 group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. For molars, CD-1 group of mouse in canonical variate 1 and Balb-c group of mouse in canonical variate 2 were separated from the other groups. It was thought that these anatomical differences could be caused by genotypic factors as well as dietary differences and many different habits that would affect the way their muscles work.

    İncele