Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Sezer, İsmet(10)
- Hintistan, Sevilay(9)
- Türkkan, Tuğba(8)
- Odaci, Hatice(7)
- Aydin, Aydanur(5)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(5)
- Abada, A.(4)
- Abbrescia, M.(4)
- Abramov, A.(4)
- Aiba, M.(4)
- Aielli, G.(4)
- Akyürek, Suat(4)
- Auchmann, B.(4)
- Benedikt, M.(4)
- Demirağ, Hatice(4)
- Koçak, Tevfik(4)
- Yolcu, Halil(4)
- Abdolmaleki, H.(3)
- Abidi, S. H.(3)
- Adam, C.(3)
- Ady, M.(3)
- Adzic, P. R.(3)
- Agapov, I.(3)
- Aguglia, D.(3)
- Ahmed, I.(3)
- Akan, T.(3)
- Akchurin, N.(3)
- Akturk, D.(3)
- Aleksa, M.(3)
- Aleksan, R.(3)
- Alioli, S.(3)
- Ambrosio, G.(3)
- Arslan, Adem(3)
- Bartmann, W.(3)
- Bor, Hakan(3)
- Burnet, J. P.(3)
- Carli, C.(3)
- Chancé, A.(3)
- Craievich, P.(3)
- Giovannozzi, M.(3)
Yayınlar
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2019Assessment of The Financial And Social Effects of Taxes Proposed on A Global Scale
Günay, Hamdi Furkan; Altun, Nurullah
The globalization process has created a number of problems that countries cannot produce solutions alone. Global financial instability, environmental pollution, global warming and poverty are some of these problems. The idea of taxation at the global level is one of the issues that come to the fore to solve problems. Thus taxes at the global level are expected to serve as a good policy tool as well as being an important source of funding. There are varieties of global tax propasals for many purposes, especially for the solution of environmental and financial problems. The aim of this study is to evaluate the taxation on the global scale from financial and social perspectives. The results of the study show that global taxes may have important functions in the financial and social aspects but that the expected success from taxation depends on global co-operation above all else. It should also be noted that these taxes are currently a proposal and that there are significant obstacles to the implementation of these taxes.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2019Pazarlama Felsefelerinin Tarihsel Gelişimine Yönelik Bir İnceleme
Hassan, Azize; Odemis, Murat
Yakın dönemde önemi daha iyi anlaşılmaya başlayan pazarlama, felsefi ve teorik açıdan gelişimini sürdürmektedir. Bilim olup olmadığıtartışmalarıyla başlayan pazarlamanın felsefi ve teorik gelişimi, içinde bulunduğu dönemin rekabet şartlarından ve diğer koşullarındanetkilenerek günümüze kadar devam etmiştir. Bu çalışmada, pazarlama felsefelerinin tarihsel gelişimi yazarların görüşleri doğrultusundaincelenmiştir. Yapılan incelemelere dayanılarak; yazarların dönemsel olarak pazarlama felsefelerine ilişkin olarak farklı görüşler sunupsunmadıkları, pazarlamanın felsefi ve teorik açıdan ne derece gelişme kaydettiği ortaya konmaya çalışılmıştır. Çalışmanın sonuçlarınagöre, pazarlama literatüründe pazarlamanın felsefi ve teorik gelişimi açısından benzer görüşlerin yanında, çok farklı görüşlerin de ilerisürüldüğü belirlenmiştir. Ayrıca pazarlama felsefelerinin tarihsel açıdan, genel olarak müşteri odaklılık öncesi dönem ve müşteriodaklılık dönemi olmak üzere iki farklı döneme ayrıldığı söylenebilir.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019Literature review on success factors and methods used in warehouse location selection
Gergin, Ramazan Eyup; Peker, Iskender
The fact that the production and consumption amounts are different from each other gives a dynamic feature to the concept of storage. In addition, an effective storage activity hinges upon the selection of the right warehouse location that takes into account capital and labor investments; minimizes the transportation cost and time. The aim of this study is to investigate the preliminary researches in the selection of the warehouse location selection and to present information on which success factors and methods are preferred. Within this scope, many academic studies have been examined by filtering various databases. According to the results of the study, the most used methods in warehouse location selection are multi-criteria decision making methods such as AHP, ANP and TOPSIS; and the most commonly used success factor is determined as the cost-based factors.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019Organic Agriculture Potential of Eastern Black Sea Region
Okcu, Melih; Karabulut, Besim
Mankind caused a lot of harm to their environment unintentionally during agriculture. Thus nowadays production techniques that are compatible with nature, making the right use of the resources, targeting sustainable development, looking after animal welfare are beginning to spread throughout the world. Especially organic agriculture among those techniques gained a seat as it depends on customer preference. Organic agriculture that has the following five fundamental features: compatibility to nature, self sufficiency, sustainability, welfare, traceability began with the production of dried grape, dried figs, dried apricots and nuts in our country during the 1980s with the contractual agriculture system intending to export. During the following years, hardshell and dried fruits, frozen fruits and vegetables, fresh fruits and vegetables, spices and legumes followed the previous ones in export. Also, production and exportation of rose water, rose oil, olive oil, cotton and textile products increased considerably. In our country where there is a wide variety of products for organic agriculture, in eastern black sea region tea and nuts are the most cultivated products. Organic agriculture is carried out in every province of the region, the contribution of provinces in percentage as follows: Rize 42%, Ordu 25%, Artvin 13%, Trabzon 10%, Gumushane and Giresun 5%. Organic stock raising is done only in Gumushane and Ordu. Gumushane has the most promising potential for organic stock raising.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019FCC Physics Opportunities: Future Circular Collider Conceptual Design Report Volume 1
Abada, A.; Abbrescia, M.; AbdusSalam, S.S.; Abdyukhanov, I.; Fernandez, J. Abelleira; Abramov, A.; Aburaia, M.; Acar, A.O.; Adzic, P.R.; Agrawal, P.
We review the physics opportunities of the Future Circular Collider, covering its e+e-, pp, ep and heavy ion programmes. We describe the measurement capabilities of each FCC component, addressing the study of electroweak, Higgs and strong interactions, the top quark and flavour, as well as phenomena beyond the Standard Model. We highlight the synergy and complementarity of the different colliders, which will contribute to a uniquely coherent and ambitious research programme, providing an unmatchable combination of precision and sensitivity to new physics.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2019Redescription and New Record of the Harvestman Lacinius insularis Roewer, 1923 (Opiliones: Phalangiidae) from Turkey
Kurt, Kemal; Yaǧmur, Ersen Aydin
Lacinius insularis Roewer, 1923, is recorded for the first time as part of the Turkish harvestmen fauna. Prior to this, the species was only known from the island of Crete in Greece. The new collections were made on Nif mountain in İzmir Province (far western Turkey). In this study, L. insularis is redescribed based on adults from Turkey. Its detailed description, morphological characteristics, distribution and measurements are given. Also, genitalia, body dorsal view, chelicerae, and pedipalp are illustrated. In addition, this species is compared with similar species.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019The importance of antioxidants and place in today’s scientific and technological studies
Zehiroglu, Cuma; Ozturk Sarikaya, Sevim Beyza
Antioxidants have become scientifically interesting compounds due to their many benefits such as anti-aging and anti-inflammatory. Today, it is still used in many areas. In food technology, antioxidants are added to many foodstuffs in order to enrich the foods and eliminate the problems. Therefore, studies to determine the antioxidant activities of natural foods and their components are also continuing rapidly. Antioxidants have also been replaced in the encapsulation studies used for the preservation and stabilization of food components. Of course, preservation of foods is as important as their production. The latest packaging techniques for food preservation are edible films and coatings. The protective function of edible films and coatings can be improved by the addition of antioxidants. Unlike these, studies on plants and animals have been investigated in vivo in terms of how the antioxidant activity changes as a result of metabolic activities. The role of antioxidant enzymes in these studies is quite large. Many results have been found for the elimination of diseases by either in vivo or in vitro studies regarding antioxidants. Thus, the importance of antioxidants increased with the use in pharmacology, cosmetics and medicine. In this study, we tried to bring a current perspective to antioxidants played an active role in many fields by combining the technological applications and scientific studies of antioxidants. In order to further customize the issue, we have done this especially for the food and health field and we have tried to emphasize the importance of antioxidants in this way.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2019A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on CO2 Emissions
Sezer, İsmet
Vehicle and other fuel combustion emissions can change the composition of the atmosphere, increasing its ability to trap heat. Gases that are effective in trapping heat are called greenhouse gases and include all of the gases in vehicle emissions. The major component of greenhouse gases emissions is carbon dioxide (CO2). Reduction of CO2 emissions has become a concern worldwide. Introduction of biofuels to fueling of automotive engines is the one method to decrease emissions of greenhouse gases. The CO2 from biofuels, is emitted during combustion and absorbed during growth of tree end plants. These biofuels can be applied as blends or sole fuels. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce greenhouse emissions is the use of various biofuels. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together to practice applications. On the other hand, diesel cars are also helping to reduce CO2 emissions. For these reasons, this study especially focuses on the use diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in various diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of diethyl ether addition on the CO2 emissions.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2019Automation in the Mining Industry: Review of Technology, Systems, Human Factors, and Political Risk
Rogers, W. Pratt; Kahraman, M. Mustafa; Drews, Frank A.; Powell, Kody; Haight, Joel M.; Wang, Yaxue; Baxla, Kritika; Sobalkar, Mohit
In the opinion of these authors, technology alone can never give an organization an edge over competitors or provide an industry step change. However, history has shown that technology applied with correct logistics and strategy makes a significant difference. Never has the minerals industry faced such daunting challenges and been in such need of a step change. Application of autonomous systems has been steadily increasing in the minerals industry. Automation technology has changed the mining value chain from exploration to mineral processing and refining. The future state will only see additional in-roads of automation into more processes and the whole system design. To better understand the near-future potential of automation, it is useful to explore and review the current state of automation in minerals development. A review of the state of automation research is given. The review will consider three critical areas: automation technology, system’s engineering and management processes around automation, and the role of human factors engineering in automated and semi-automated systems. The review ends with a discussion on the social and political risks of automation in terms of shared value and sustainable development.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Özel Girişimciliğin Başarısı Olarak Uşak Şeker Fabrikası
Damlıbağ, Fatih
Nuri Şeker Uşak Şeker Fabrikasını 1926’da kurdu. Pancardan Türk şekerini üretmeyi hedeflemişti. Böylece Türk halkının bu ihtiyacını kolayca sağlamak istemişti. Kendisi ayrıca fakir köylülere düzenli bir gelir kaynağı sağlamayı planlamıştı. Bir şirket kurdu ve fabrika için sermaye toplamaya başladı. Çekoslovak Skoda firması fabrikaya teknoloji sağladı. Açılıştan sonra, Uşak Şeker Fabrikası su sağlama ve zirai haşere sorunlarıyla karşılaştı. Nuri Şeker ayrıca yeni şeker pancarı ziraatını köylülere öğretmek zorundaydı. Bütün zorluklara karşı, fabrika çalışmaya başladı ve şeker üretimi sürekli artmaktaydı. Fakat Nuri Şeker finansal zorluklarla karşılaştı. Çünkü şeker üretimindeki tecrübe yılları fabrikanın borçlarını arttırdı. Bu borçların sonucunda, hükümet fabrikanın şirketini tasfiye etmeye karar verdi. Kamulaştırma 6 Ağustos 1931’de gerçekleştirildi. Tasfiye sürecinde halk hissedarlarının hakları ana tartışma noktası oldu. Sonunda, hükümet halk hissedarlarının hisselerinin tam karşılığını ödemeye karar verdi. Neticede, özel girişimcilerin bağlantıları Uşak Şeker Fabrikasından tamamen kopartıldı.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Türkiye’deki Suriyeli Misafirler ve İlişkilendirilen Bulaşıcı Hastalıklar
Turan, Melikşah; Sezen, İrem; Kaya, Afşin Ahmet
Türkiye son 7 yılda Suriye’den gelen yoğun bir göç dalgasına maruz kalmakta, insani amaçla sınırlarını açarak barınma, sağlık, güvenlik, beslenme, eğitim, sosyal alanlarda hizmet sağlamaktadır. Sınır dışı edilme korkusuyla yasa dışı yollarla ülkeye girerek varlıklarını bildirmeyen bireylerin, sağlık durumlarının belirsizliği ve hayat standartlarının düşük olması büyük tehlike oluşturmaktadır. Sağlık problemleri göçün oluşturduğu olumsuz yaşam koşulları ile birlikte yoğun bir tehdit oluşturmaktadır. Çalışmamızda Türkiye’deki Suriyeli misafirler ve ilişkilendirilen bulaşıcı hastalıklar ile ilgili bilgi vermek ve önerilerde bulunmak amaçlanmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında Suriyeli misafirler ve bulaşıcı hastalıklara yönelik raporlar ve yayınlar incelenmiştir. Rapor ve yayın sonuçları çalışmamız çerçevesinde derlenerek öneriler oluşturulmuştur. 2012-2017 yılları arasında yapılan raporlamalara göre çocuk felci (polio), kızamık, tüberküloz, şark çıbanı (leishmania) gibi hastalıkların ortaya çıkma sıklığı düzensiz olarak değişmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda giriş noktalarında ve yaşam alanlarında sağlık ve diğer hizmetlerin cevap verebilirliğini artırmak için ‘Göç öncesinde; Kendi ülkesindeki bulaşıcı hastalıklar, Göç sırasında; Kendi ülkesi, Geçilen ülkelerdeki bulaşıcı hastalıklar, Göç Sonrasında; Kendi ülkesi, Geçilen ülkelerdeki, konuk ülkedeki bulaşıcı hastalıklar’ stratejik ve eylem planlarının hazırlanmasının sağlanması, tarama, aşılama, eğitim (hijyen-bulaş), vektörlerle mücadele ve erken müdahale enfeksiyonlarla mücadele paketinde yer alması, bulaşıcı hastalık açısından risk oluşturabilecek kesimin belirlenerek takip ve tedavi altına alınması, sınıra yakın bölgelerde bağışıklama ile ilgili kampanyaların oluşturulması önerilmektedir.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018Nano materyal içerikli katkıların yakıt özelliklerine ve motor performansına etkileri
Sezer, İsmet
Bu çalışma; dizel, biyodizel, su içeren emülsiyon yakıtları ve çeşitli yakıt karışımları gibi dizel motor yakıtlarında nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanılmasının motor performansı ve emisyonlara etkileri üzerine yapılmış çeşitli çalışmaların sonuçlarından derlenmiştir. Dizel motorlarda zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltması için üç farklı teknik uygulanmaktadır. Zararlı emisyonları azaltmak için uygulanan tekniklerden ilki motor tasarımda ve yakıt püskürtme sisteminde değişiklikler yapılarak yanmanın iyileştirilmesidir. Ancak bu pahalı ve zaman alıcı bir süreçtir. İkinci teknik katalitik konvertör ve partikül filtresi gibi çeşitli egzoz gazı azaltıcı sistemler kullanmaktır. Ancak, bu sistemler dizel motorun performansını olumsuz yönde etkiler. Dizel motorlarda, emisyonları azaltmak ve aynı zamanda dizel motorun performansını artırmak için kullanılan üçüncü teknik ise çeşitli yakıt katkılarının kullanılmasıdır. Dizel motorlardan yayılan en önemli kirleticiler azot oksit (NOx) ve partikül madde (PMis) emisyonlarıdır. Uygulamada, NOx ve PM emisyonlarını birlikte azaltmak oldukça zordur. Emisyonları azaltmanın ve motor performansını artırmanın en iyi yolunun nano materyal içerikli katkıların ve suyla emülsiyonlaştırılmış yakıtların kullanımı olduğu birçok araştırmacı tarafından bildirilmektedir. Bu derlemede çeşitli dizel motor yakıtlarında farklı nano materyal içerikli katkıların kullanımının yakıt özellikleri ve motor performansına etkileri incelenmiştir.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018Using of Weeds as Food in Eastern Anatolia Region
Kaplan, Benay; Okcu, Zühal
Several herb can grow naturally thanks to climate and geographical features of Turkey. Although there are approximately one million weed in the world, there are still many unidentified weeds. While more than ten thousand weeds are used as a food, only 3000 weeds species are cultivated in Turkey. Eastern Anatolia region is one of the most important regions of Turkey in terms of consuming weeds. The rate of endemic plants is higher in this region, most of them are important economically, because they can be used as a medicinal plants, spices, ornaments, dyes or food. Not only these are utilized as raw or cooked food but also flavorant.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Yasama Sorumsuzluğunun İşlevsizleştirilmesi
Dülger, Duygu Şimşek; Can, Osman
Türk Anayasa Hukukunda yasama sorumsuzluğu, Meclis üyelerinin parlamento çalışmalarındaki oy ve sözlerinden;parlamentoda ileri sürdükleri düşüncelerinden, kullandıkları oylardan ve beyanlarından; ve bunları parlamento dışında tekrarlamaktan ve açığa vurmaktan dolayı süresiz ve mutlak bir şekilde koruma sağlayan yasama bağışıklığı olarakkabul edilmektedir. Bu bağışıklık türü, niteliği ve sonuçları itibariyle aralarında belirgin farklar olsa da Anayasa’da,“yasama dokunulmazlığı” koruması ile birlikte ve “Yasama Dokunulmazlığı” başlığı altında düzenlenmektedir. Parlamenter demokrasilerin bulunduğu hemen her anayasal düzende o veya bu şekilde benimsenmiş olan bu koruma,milletvekilinin şahsına tanınmış bir ayrıcalık olmayıp onun, vatandaşın iradesini parlamento çalışmalarına endişedenarınmış ve sabote edilemez biçimde taşıyabilmesini sağlamayı amaçlar. Bazı anayasalar tarafından ayrıntılarıyladüzenlenmiş olan bu bağışıklık türü, Türkiye gibi bazı ülkelerde ise kapsama ve sınırlara dair birtakım tartışmalarıbarındırmaktadır. Bu gibi tartışmalı noktalar, zaman içinde değişikliğe uğramış olan ulusal yargı içtihatları ile netleştirilmeye çalışılırken, İnsan Hakları Avrupa Mahkemesi de bazı kararlarında tartışmalı noktalara ışık tutmaktadır.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Transfer and Storage of Electronic Health Records Using WCF Web Services
Doğan, Ramazan Özgür; Yağcı, Yavuz; Kayıkçıoğlu, Temel; Yıldırım, Ömer
Electronic Health Records (EHR) play an important role in the remote treatment and monitoring of chronical patients. EHR consists of the biological signals and physiological parameters of chronical patients. EHR provides doctors to investigate health signals of cronical patients and obtain perceptible results from these signals. EHR is very big data and this data must be stored according to specific standards. Cronical patients benefit from health care with without leaving their homes and with EHR collected via the Internet. In this study a telemedicine application using WCF that is suitable HL7 standart to improve the EHR data transmission and storage is developed. The facilities for collection of EHR data without leaving home are focused. In addition EHR data is accessed quickly independent XML based programming language through WCF technology and the operation is implemented on this data maintaining the privacy of patients. Moreover, in this study the telemedicine system is used on different platforms such as PC, tablets and PDA owing to WCF technologies.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018Production and Properties Bacterial Celluloses and Their Use in Food and Non-Food Applications
Akpinar, Ozlem; Güzel, Melıh
Cellulose is the most common polymer in the world, formed by β-1,4 linked glucopyranose units. Besides plants, celluloses can be produced by some bacteria. The uses of these bacterial celluloses have been increasing in food, pharmaceutical, biotechnology, biomedical, cosmetics, paper and electronics areas. It has many superior properties compared to plant celluloses, such as purity, elasticity, network structure, high crystallize, surface area, water holding capacity and tensile strength, thinner and porous structure. This review includes the production methods for bacterial celluloses, the properties of these polymers and their use in food and non-food applications
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Childhood, play and city being a child in the 80’S of gumushane city
Uncu, Gonca; Çalışır, Gülsüm
Childhood is one of the most memorable periods of human life. It is remembered with longing that this period, which has not been wiped away from the memory of the past years, has always been remembered. The physical environment in which the child is living is not only important for development and socialization but also for the community to produce healthy communicative individuals. One of every three people in our country is a child. This rate shows that children are an important influence on city life. Gümüşhane has always been a child friendly city with its warm and friendly atmosphere as a small province. Due to the geographical conditions of the city and the limitations of job opportunities in the 1980s, young population at the high school or college level were compelled to leave the city and started to live in the other big cities. These children have not cut their emotional ties with their cities and have maintained their loyalty. Gümüşhane, which has become an urbanized and devoloping city at a great pace over the past years, has faced with losing its gardens, which were natural playgrounds for children in the 80's. The safest playground for a child is its own street. Concrete blocks that neglect children's living and play areas, quickly destroy the life of the neighborhood. While supermarkets destroy neighborhood grocery stores, the intensity of cars occupies the streets of the city and restricts places where children play in advance. This study aims to shed light on the childhood period of today's expatriate children who have been in childhood in Gümüşhane in the 80's and to compare the differences between today and the socio-economic structure of the city. The method of this study took place by using interview with female and male participants who lived in Gümüşhane in the 1980s but they are currently living outside the city.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018A Qualitative Study on Investigation of Intangible Cultural Heritage Values of Gümüşhane Province within the Framework of Sustainable Tourism
Ödemiş, Murat; Çalık, İsmail
The concept of sustainable tourism has a strategic significance in preserving local cultures and passing them on to future generations. Those intangible cultural heritage elements that embody the unique qualities of the local culture and comprise the living memory form a subject that needs to be discussed within the context of sustainable tourism. From this perspective, the aim of this study is to examine elements of the intangible cultural heritage of Gümüşhane, which still maintain its original characteristics and qualities within the context of sustainable tourism. 16 stakeholder participants comprise the studied sample. From the purposeful sampling methods in this study participants were determined according to the snowball sampling method. Semi-structured interview questions were addressed to the participants and the results were analyzed by means of descriptive analysis. It is determined that there are many intangible cultural heritages begin to be forgotten in Gumushane, tourism may be a strategic tool in the preservation of the intangible cultural heritage of Gumushane and the handicrafts are the most important among the intangible cultural heritage elements that can be evaluated within the scope of tourism.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018A study on the effect of the city promotion film’s viewer responses on brand cities image
Aslan, Emre Ş
The concept of brand city has become popular and concerned issue in recent years for city managers and academics as a key issue. A brand city is seen as one of the most important consequences of the city be coming well-living place and increasing welfare of it'sin habitants. In city branding process, the importance of communication studies are undeniable. Promotion activities are part of these communication studies. City administrators (Governors, Mayors, District Governors) are engaged in many activities topromote their cities. Promotional films are the most important of these activies. Almost every city or district has at leastone promotional film and these promotional films generally offer various snap shot stop people about the historical, cultural and natural beauty of the cities. In this way it is trying to make positive contribution to the brand image of the city. Even though these films are published both in the traditional media and in the social media, there is not enough information about how cities are promoted by these films and how they contribute to the promotion of cities. This study aim storeveal how the viewer reactions of the city promotion films affect the brand image of the city. Survey technique has bee nused in this work which is of great importance because it is one of ther are studies performed in this area. The data obtained across Turkey via online data collection technique and it analysed by frequency factor and regression analysis. As a result of the analyzes made, the effects of the audience reaction factors of city promotion films on qualitative and competitive brand image of the city are revealed. According to reached results the city promotion film’s viwer responses effects to city brands image via alienation and empathy factors.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Bourgeois media literacy as a historical category
Dağtaş, Erdal; Okuroğlu, M. Selahattin
Decisive for this study, the literature review is aimed at describing the competencies of readers in public spaces to transform newspaper contents, with the examples especially from Britain through the seventeenth to nineteenth centuries. In this framework, the readership concept is a key, briningg together the literature on early era journalism with Jürgen Habermas' conceptualization of public sphere. On the other hand, a latter work of Habermas, Communicative Action Theory, helps to state the historical background of media literacy in the frame of contemporary problems. Thus, the rise of bourgeois media literacy during the enlightenment and the fall of it after industrial capitalism have been explicated on the axis of lifeworld and system duality. The emergence of Occidental modernity as an embodiment of bourgeois worldviews, and its alienation to its Enlightenment ideals as the fragmentation of lifeworld, had been experienced in the same direction. In the context of qualitative methods and descriptive social sciences/hermeneutics, this study purposes a comprehension of a social phenomenon through the historical examples and to examine its conditions of existence in the current era. Evaluation and conclusion based on the literature asserts the potentiality of media literacy to be grounded on a coherent theoratical frame, rather than temporary approaches. Bourgeois media literacy is an expression for self-fulfilling critical literacy competencies born in the public sphere, without any pre-determined education programs. Defining media literacy and any related concepts based on these competencies would be conducive for the development of a theoretical frame and valid educational programs against any challenges of time and place. Beyond their potential of application in education environments, critical media literacy competencies, which individuals would transfer into daily communication practices, have a potential of reconstruction of modernity.