Gümüşhane ÜniversitesiGümüşhane ÜniversitesiAçık Erişim Arşivi · RDL Open

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Petrogenetic constraints and phase equilibria modelling on amphibole-bearing high-grade metamafic rocks from the Maku ophiolite (NW Iran): implications for metamorphism along the central Neo-Tethyan suture

    Modjarrad, Monir; Uysal, Ibrahim; Yara, Irfan O. M. A.; Sen, Ahmet Dundar; Xin, Guangyao; Müller, Dirk

    We present an integrated petrological, mineral-chemical, whole-rock geochemical, microstructural, and phase-equilibrium study of the West Maku metamafics (WMM), an ophiolite-related mafic unit in NW Iran. The WMM comprises garnet amphibolites and amphibole-bearing high-grade metamafic rocks containing almandine-rich garnet, tschermakite-ferro-tschermakite, andesine, epidote/zoisite, annite, muscovite-phengite, spinel, ilmenite, chlorite, quartz, and K-feldspar. Immobile element systematics indicate a tholeiitic, MORB-like basaltic protolith; LILE and crust-sensitive element enrichment likely reflect inherited crustal/sediment-derived components and metamorphic redistribution during subduction-accretion and/or m & eacute;lange assembly. P-T modelling defines four relative stages: M1, upper greenschist-facies metamorphism at ca. 6.4 kbar and 360 degrees C; M2, prograde heating to 8.0-8.4 kbar and 700-720 degrees C; M3, peak upper-amphibolite- to granulite-facies conditions at 9.0-9.8 kbar and up to 810 degrees C, with localized anatexis; and M4, retrogression at ca. 3.8 kbar and 520 degrees C. The clockwise path records the burial and heating of MORB-derived crust in a subduction-accretionary setting, followed by collision-related thermal relaxation/crustal thickening and subsequent uplift. Regional comparisons indicate thermally heterogeneous evolution along the central Neo-Tethyan suture across Armenia, SE T & uuml;rkiye, NE Iraq and NW Iran.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Late Cretaceous hybrid melt sources and flare-up magmatism in the eastern Sakarya Zone, NE Türkiye: Zircon Hf-O constraints and implications for VMS fertility

    Aydin, Faruk; Oguz-Saka, Simge; Karsli, Orhan; Dokuz, Abdurrahman; Moghadam, Hadi Shafaii; Zhao, Junxing; Schmitt, Axel K.

    Understanding melt source evolution during arc-back-arc magmatism is essential for resolving crustal growth processes and the development of felsic-hosted volcanogenic massive sulfide (VMS) systems. Here we integrate new zircon HfO isotope data with published geochronological and whole-rock geochemical datasets to reassess the petrogenesis of Late Cretaceous arc and back-arc magmatic flare-ups in the eastern Sakarya Zone (ESZ), NE T & uuml;rkiye. Two high-flux magmatic episodes are recognized: a Turonian-Santonian pulse (similar to 92-86 Ma) forming the lower volcanic sequence (LVS), and a younger Campanian pulse (similar to 84-75 Ma) forming the upper volcanic sequence (UVS), accompanied by contemporaneous arc-related granitoids. Zircons from both LVS and UVS display predominantly positive epsilon Hf(t) values (+2 to +12) coupled with mantle-like delta O-18 (5.0-5.6 parts per thousand), but contain abundant inherited Mesoproterozoic-Paleozoic cores and show variable two-stage model ages (T-DM (c) = 0.4-1.4 Ga). Together with the peraluminous affinity of many felsic units, these features indicate that the dacite-rhyolite suites hosting VMS deposits were generated by melting of compositionally heterogeneous lower crust variably hybridized by juvenile basaltic inputs. Arc granitoids likewise record a transition from dominantly juvenile, I-type magmatism during the Coniacian-Santonian to more evolved, crust-influenced signatures during the Campanian. We propose that both flare-ups reflect repeated episodes of basaltic underplating and deep-crustal heating, producing voluminous felsic magmas capable of sustaining long-lived hydrothermal systems. The spatial and temporal coincidence between felsic-dominated flare-ups and VMS mineralization suggests that hybridized felsic magmas, rather than purely juvenile mantle melts, played a central role in generating the physiochemical conditions required for metal-bearing hydrothermal fluids in the ESZ.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Geochemical signature, detrital zircon U-Pb, and mica Ar-Ar age systematics from the Karadere Basement Unit of the İstanbul-Zonguldak Terrane (NW, Türkiye): evidence for an Avalonian-Cadomian active continental margin

    Çimen, Okay; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Göncüoglu, Mehmet Cemal; Akal, Cuneyt; Arslan, Mehmet; Simonetti, Antonio; Karaoglan, Fatih

    The & Idot;stanbul-Zonguldak Terrane is located in northwest Anatolia and includes several outcrops with pre-Cambrian basement units. The Karadere Basement Unit represents the easternmost basement of this terrane and is composed of paragneiss, quartzite, and orthogneiss. The paragneiss and quartzite are cut by orthogneisses and disconformably overlain by Lower Ordovician to Middle Devonian cover units. Its pre-Cambrian to Palaeozoic tectonic evolution remains poorly understood, and therefore, this study reports whole-rock trace element signatures, detrital zircon U-Pb, and muscovite Ar-Ar age data for samples of paragneiss, quartzite, amphibolite, and orthogneiss. The whole-rock geochemical data indicate that the protoliths of the paragneiss and quartzite samples investigated here could have been derived from arc-related felsic magmatic units located in an active continental margin. The protoliths of amphibolites and orthogneiss samples are gabbro and granite, respectively, and their geochemical signatures are akin to those from continental arc igneous suites. The detrital zircon U-Pb data are characterized by predominantly Mesoproterozoic (84%) and lesser amount of Palaeoproterozoic and Neoproterozoic ages and suggest an early Tonian (youngest peak age of 915 +/- 18 Ma) maximum depositional age. Moreover, zircon U-Pb dating analyses from an orthogneiss sample yielded an age of 603 +/- 2 Ma, indicating the occurrence of mid-Ediacaran arc magmatism. This represents one of the oldest Ediacaran ages obtained from the metamagmatic basement rocks of the & Idot;stanbul-Zonguldak Terrane. Ar-Ar dating of muscovite from ortho- and paragneiss samples yielded ages of 533 +/- 25 Ma and 530 +/- 9 Ma, respectively, which are interpreted as early Cambrian cooling ages. Overall, the combined results reported here reveal that the Karadere Basement Unit is markedly different from NE African basement units but displays similarities to the basement rocks of both Avalonian and Amazonian terranes. It may have been formed and metamorphosed in an Avalonian-Cadomian active continental margin during the mid- to late Neoproterozoic and early Cambrian.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Machine learning-based multi-class classification of rock mass permeability using integrated geotechnical and geophysical parameters

    Sari, Mahmut; Alemdag, Selcuk; Melek, Mesut; Seren, Aysel

    In engineering applications, machine learning (ML) provides a promising approach when direct characterization of subsurface properties is challenging, time-consuming, and costly. This study developed a multi-class ML framework for classifying rock mass permeability based on Lugeon values using 86 observations from drilling and geophysical investigations at the Kırklartepe dam site in Bayburt, Türkiye. Seven predictors were considered: depth, Rock Quality Designation (RQD), joint frequency, Schmidt hammer hardness, P-wave velocity, S-wave velocity, and electrical resistivity. The observations were assigned to four permeability classes: very low, low, moderate, and high. Six classifiers were evaluated: Polynomial Kernel Support Vector Machine (P-SVM), Linear Discriminant Analysis, k-Nearest Neighbors (k-NN), AdaBoostM2, Bagged Trees, and Radial Basis Function SVM. Sequential Forward Feature Selection and Leave-One-Out Cross-Validation were used for feature selection and model evaluation, respectively. Robustness was further assessed using bootstrap confidence intervals, class-imbalance treatments, feature-selection stability, and learning curves. Among the baseline models, P-SVM using all seven predictors achieved the highest accuracy (79.07%), with a macro-F1 of 0.774 and the lowest Golden Distance (GD = 0.4372). When balanced class-wise performance was prioritized, k-NN with in-fold SMOTE achieved the lowest overall GD (0.4126) and a macro-F1 of 0.777. S-wave velocity and electrical resistivity were the most influential predictors. Overall, the findings demonstrate that the proposed framework effectively integrates geotechnical and geophysical data for rock mass permeability classification, providing a robust, data-driven decision-support approach that supports subsurface characterization and complements conventional permeability assessment in engineering applications.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Risk Assessment of Rocks Around the Mines: A Case Study From the Mastra and Hazine Mağara Mining Areas, Northeastern Türkiye

    Sipahi, Ferkan; Çelik, Necati; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Dizman, Serdar

    This study presents a comprehensive assessment of natural radioactivity levels and associated radiological hazards in rock samples collected from Mastra and Hazine Mağara mining sites in the Gümüşhane province, Türkiye. The concentrations of primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) were measured in samples of andesite, granite, and limestone using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Complementary whole-rock geochemical analysis (XRF and ICP-MS) was conducted to understand the geochemical controls on radioactivity concentrations. The results reveal significant heterogeneity in activity concentrations both within and between the two sites. For 226Ra, the Hazine Mağara site exhibited a wider range (2.44–22.57 Bq kg−1) with a higher maximum value compared to Mastra (2.65–13.96 Bq kg−1). Similarly, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations showed considerable variability, often linked to the presence of specific accessory minerals like zircon, monazite, and K-feldspar. Geochemical data indicated that element concentrations (K, U, Th) were generally lowest in limestone and highest in granite, showing a strong correlation with the measured activity concentration values. Radiological risk indices, including radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk, were calculated. While values remain below international public health safety limits, localized anomalies were identified. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the relationship between the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, Raeq (Bq/kg), Ig, Hex, D (nGy/h), AEDE (μSv/y), AGDE (μSv/y), and ELCR (×10−5). The study concludes that despite these localized anomalies, both mining areas pose an overall minimum environmental radiation risk, underscoring the necessity for site-specific assessments to ensure safe resource utilization and radiation protection.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    The effect of mine waste ratio and curing duration on the mechanical properties of ground granulated blast furnace slag-based geopolymer mortars

    Aksüt, Yavuz Selim; Nas, Evin; Sünnetçi, Kadir; Kaya, Yusuf

    This study investigates the mechanical and microstructural behavior of ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBFS)-based geopolymer mortars in which mining waste (MW) was used as a partial binder replacement (0–30%) under ambient water curing for 7–90 days. Increasing MW content reduced workability and slightly prolonged setting due to its coarser and less reactive characteristics. Mechanical performance improved with curing time and mixtures with moderate MW levels achieved the best strength and microstructural densification. Water absorption and porosity decreased with age, reflecting progressive gel formation. Scanning electron microscope–X-ray diffraction (SEM-XRD) analyses verified matrix densification and enhanced gel development at intermediate MW ratios. Overall, the findings show that controlled MW incorporation can optimize the balance between strength, pore structure and sustainability, enabling ambient cured GGBFS-based geopolymers without thermal curing. The study provides new insights by using MW as a binder phase replacement while preserving precursor chemistry, a rarely explored approach.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Organic Geochemical Properties of the Miocene Coal Seam in the Ömerler Field, Tunçbilek Basin, Western Türkiye: Implications for Depositional Environment

    Saydam Eker, Çiğdem; Köse, Yeliz

    In this comprehensive study, which was conducted based on data obtained from the Ömerler Field İğdekuzu underground mine located in the Tunçbilek Basin (Kütahya/W. Turkey), the aim was to reveal the organic matter content, origin, thermal maturation level, depositional environment, and conditions of Miocene-aged coals. Coal samples collected from the underground coal mine were subjected to proximate analysis, Rock-Eval pyrolysis/Total organic carbon (TOC), gas chromatography (GC), gas chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis (GC–MS) of aromatic and saturated biomarkers and extraction analysis. On an air-dry basis, the average moisture (Mad), volatile matter (Vad), ash (Aad), fixed carbon (FCad) and total sulphur contents of coals are 2.79%, 33.93%, 18.71%, 44.31% and 1.40%, respectively. TOC content is so high; the highest mean TOC content is 86.75% calculated in the upper coal seam, followed by the middle seam with 85.14% and the lower seam with 79.01%. In the GC–MS of the coal samples, the n-alkane distribution varies between C12 and C36. The lowest homohopane index (HHI) value was calculated as 0.02 for OR-5, and the highest HHI value was 0.05 for TB-8. The upper coal seam sample exhibits the order of C29>C28>C27 sterane (%), and the lower and middle coal seam samples exhibit the order of C29>C27>C28 sterane (%). The coal samples under study exhibit early mature oil window behaviour according to all geochemical maturity parameters. These coals indicate a mixed organic matter of Type II/III and III kerogens, as demonstrated by medium and long-chain n-alkanes, terrestrial/aquatic organic matter ratios (TAR), aquatic plants to terrestrial plants ratios (Paq), C24 Tet/C26 Tri and C19/C23 Tri ratios, and distributions of C27–29 ααα20R, likely deposited in a paralic, oxic-dyoxic transitional environment. Although the TOC value of the Miocene-aged coal samples is so high, they have not yet reached the level of producing hydrocarbons due to low and medium hydrogen index (HI), low quality index (QI), production index (PI), and bitumen index (BI) values, but it has been evaluated that they have the potential to produce gas.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    GEOLOGY AND MINERAL CHEMISTRY OF THE ARSLANDEDE PLUTON IN THE EASTERN PONTIDES

    Güloğlu, Zikrullah Samet; Kaygusuz, Abdullah

    The Middle Eocene Arslandede Pluton, exposed in the Bayburt region on the southern margin of the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey), has been investigated in terms of its geology and mineral chemistry. The pluton exhibits a NW-SE elongation and covers an area of approximately 7 km². It comprises a broad compositional spectrum ranging from monzodiorite to quartz monzonite. Major rock-forming minerals include plagioclase (An25-48), orthoclase (Or69-88), quartz, amphibole (Mg# = 0.63-0.73), biotite (Mg# = 0.52-0.62), pyroxene (Mg# = 0.70-0.75), and Fe-Ti oxides. Crystallization conditions, estimated via amphibole-plagioclase thermometry and Al-in-hornblende barometry, suggest crystallization temperatures of 737-812 °C and pressures of 0.09-1.61 kbar, corresponding to depths of 0.3-6.0 km. These results indicate that the pluton was emplaced at shallow crustal levels and subsequently solidified under low-pressure conditions. Comparison with other Middle Eocene plutons in the region reveals similar crystallization conditions, suggesting a common tectonic setting during the post-collisional extensional regime in the Eastern Pontides.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Who Is at Risk? Analyzing the Drivers of Intimate Partner Violence Against Women in Turkey

    Türkkan, Tuğba; Hatipoğlu, Ertuğrul; Yücel, İbrahim; Kulakaç, Nurşen; Sipahi, Ferkan; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim

    Violence against women represents a severe violation of human rights and has become a pervasive issue globally. This study aims to examine the risk factors associated with violence against women in a developing country context, specifically Turkey. This study adopted a cross-sectional research design. The study sample comprised 391 women living in a northeastern Turkish province, selected using a stratified sampling method. Participants’ ages ranged from 20 to 60 years, with a mean age of 40.83 years. The findings revealed a positive correlation between the age of both women and their spouses and the likelihood of experiencing physical and verbal violence. Factors such as the number of marriages, duration of marriage, number of children, and spousal infidelity emerged as significant risks for victimization. Additionally, an early age at first marriage, the presence of mental illness, and addiction problems were identified as critical risk factors for women’s victimization in violence. Education and employment were protective factors against violence, with higher educational levels and employment status for women and their spouses reducing the risk. Regression analyses further identified women’s education level, prior exposure to domestic violence, age at first marriage, and the addiction status of the spouse as significant predictors of violence against women. The findings provide valuable insights into the etiology of violence against women. In conclusion, the study has the potential to guide the development of more targeted and effective strategies to combat this pervasive public health and human rights issue.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Mineralogical and geochemical controls on Co-V-Pt-Ni enrichment in manganese mineralization: evidence from the Dilli deposit, Eastern Türkiye

    Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Çimen, Okay; Aktağ, Alican; Keskin, Serdar

    The growing demand for critical minerals driven by the global energy transition and advanced technologies highlights the importance of unconventional metal reservoirs. This study investigates the Ni-, Co-, V-, and Pt-enriched Dilli manganese deposit (Kemaliye-Erzincan, Eastern Türkiye) to constrain the mineralogical, geochemical, and genetic controls on critical metal enrichment in Mn oxide mineralization. An integrated approach combining field observations, petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD), whole-rock geochemistry, mineral chemistry, and stable C-O isotope analysis was applied to better understand the potential origin of critical mineral enrichments. The mineralization is dominated by Mn4+-bearing oxides, principally pyrolusite and hollandite, accompanied by minor rhodochrosite. High MnO (39-64 wt%) and very low Al2O3 and Fe2O3 contents indicate chemical precipitation with negligible detrital input. Discrimination diagrams and trace-element systematics consistently support a structurally controlled hydrothermal origin. Chondrite-normalized REE patterns display low total REE and very low Nd contents comparable to typical hydrothermal deposits, whereas neutral to slightly positive Ce anomalies and non-chondritic Y/Ho ratios suggest limited oxidative interaction with surface-derived fluids rather than primary marine hydrogenetic growth. Stable C–O isotope compositions of co-genetic calcite are inconsistent with a purely marine depositional environment and indicate precipitation from low-to moderate-temperature hydrothermal fluids. Mineral chemistry reveals strong phase-specific partitioning: hollandite preferentially incorporates V and Ba, whereas pyrolusite is enriched in Ni. Cobalt occurs in both phases, whereas Pt may also be present in both Mn oxide phases, suggesting that trace-element distribution is influenced by both crystallochemical and physicochemical controls. The enrichment of Ni, Co, and Pt is most plausibly linked to hydrothermal fluid circulation through ultramafic units, which likely acted as the primary metal source prior to precipitation. The Dilli deposit thus represents a structurally controlled hydrothermal Mn system enriched in critical metals, emphasizing the exploration relevance of Mn oxide mineral chemistry in identifying alternative sources of critical metals in Türkiye.

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AlanDeğerDil
dc.date.accessioned2026-10-22T08:47:34.652743309Z
dc.date.available2026-10-22T08:47:34.652743309Z
dc.identifier.urihttps://rdlopen.rawdatalibrary.net/r/gumushane/10058
dc.rightsinfo:eu-repo/semantics/openAccess
dc.titleJeoloji Mühendisliği Bölümütr
dc.titleDepartment of Geological Engineeringen
dspace.entity.typeOrgUnit
organization.identifier.codegumushane-muhendislik-ve-doga-bilimleri-jeoloji-muhendisligi
organization.unitTypedepartment
rdl.unit.alias\bjeoloji muhendisligi bolumu\b
rdl.unit.aliasgeolog
rdl.unit.alias\bgeol\w*( eng(ineering|n|g)?\b)?