Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

Yazarlar

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Numerical Approximations to Solution of Biochemical Reaction Model

    Yildirim, Ahmet; Gökdogan, Ahmet; Merdan, Mehmet

    In this paper, approximate analytical solution of biochemical reaction model is used by the multi-step differential transform method (MsDTM) based on classical differential transformation method (DTM). Numerical results are compared to those obtained by the fourth-order Runge-Kutta method to illustrate the preciseness and effectiveness of the proposed method. Results are given explicit and graphical form.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Microwave-assisted synthesis and characterization of novel symmetrical substituted 19-membered tetrathiadiaza metal-free and metallophthalocyanines and investigation of their biological activities

    Nas, Asiye; Kaya, Elif Celenk; Kantekin, Halit; Sökmen, Atalay; Çakir, Volkan

    This work reports on a new symmetrically substituted metal-free phthalocyanine and its transition metal complexes which were prepared by a condensation of N,N'-[propan-1,3-diilbis(tiyoetan-2,1-diil)]bis(4-methylbenzenesulfonamid) (1) and 1,2-bis(2-iodomercaptoethyl)-4,5-dicyanobenzene (2) with NiCl(2), ZnCl(2), CoCl(2), CuCl(2), and PbO salts in 2-(dimethylamino) ethanol, respectively. The phthalocyanines bearing thia and aza donor atoms at the peripheral position were characterized by IR, UV-Vis, (1)H NMR, (13)C NMR, Mass spectra, and elemental analysis data. The thermal behaviors of 4-9 were investigated by TG/DTA. Novel phthalocyanines were also investigated for enlightening their possible biological activities by employing antimicrobial (antibacterial and antifungal), antineoplastic and antioxidative assays. Of all tested, four samples exhibited antimicrobial activity against test microorganisms, among which, Branhamella catarrhalis was the most sensitive one with a MIC value around 0.312 mg/mL followed by a yeast, Candida albicans (MIC. 0.625 mg/mL). Due to their colored nature, the samples were found not to be applicable for antioxidative and antineoplastic assays. (C) 2011 Elsevier B. V. All rights reserved.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    The Creative Destruction of Economic Development: The Schumpeterian Entrepreneuer

    Basilgan, Muslum

    The subject of the entrepreneur in economic theory has mostly been examined in terms of development. Schumpeter, who argued that the neoclassical economic theory could not explain the powers of the economic change due to its static base, took a different position by arguing the necessity of a dynamic theory. Schumpeter identified the entrepreneur as essential element of the dynamic theory of economic change. To Schumpeter, the major role of the entrepreneur is to realize new combinations or innovations that ensure economic change. The primary objective of this study is to explore the individual (psychological) and leadership (sociological) characteristics of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur, who leads to creative destruction via the new combinations in the capitalist system: to put forth his difference from other economic actors and to demonstrate his role in the future (the collapse) of capitalism.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2011
    Breast Conserving Surgery and Modified Radical Mastectomy in Turkish Women with Breast Cancer: A Prospective Analysis of Quality of Life

    Kement, Metin; Gezen, Cem; Asik, Ayla; Karaöz, Alev; Ustaalioglu, Basak Oven; Bilici, Ahmet; Öncel, Mustafa

    Objective: The aim of this study is to compare the postoperative quality of life of the patients who underwent breast conserving surgery followed by radiotherapy (BCT) and the patients who underwent modified radical mastectomy (MRM) in our clinic. Material and Methods: The patients who were operated on with diagnosis of breast cancer in our clinic between January 2006 and January 2008 were included in the study. Those who received neoadjuvant therapy and who required radiotherapy after modified radical mastectomy and those in ASA classes 3 and 4 were excluded. The patients who were treated with modified radical mastectomy were included in the first group (Group MRM) and the patients who were treated with breast conserving therapy and radiotherapy thereafter were included in the second group (Group BCT). Quality of life of the patients were assessed using Medical Outcome Syudy-Short Form 36 (MOS SF-36) form six months after their treatment (surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy) was completed. Results: There were no significant differences between two groups in terms of age, evaluated socioeconomic parameters (education, income, marital status) and clinical parameters (stage, complications, adjuvant chemotherapy). Quality of life of the patients who underwent BCT (n=27) was worse than that of general Turkish population in six of eight (except vitality and social function) SF-36 scale and worse than mean values of normal individuals in NSABP BCPT trial in seven of eight (except vitality) scales. Besides, while physical component score was worse than that of general population (45.3 vs 52.6), mental component score (MCS) was relatively similar to general population (53.4 vs 51.7). When quality of life of the patients who underwent MRM (n=23) and BCT were compared, mean values of BCT group were found to be better in all scales and the difference was found to be statistically significant in six out of eight (except vitality and social function) scales (p<0.05). Conclusion: It can be stated that quality of life of the patient who underwent BCT due to breast cancer is impaired in terms of physical status, however did not change in terms of mental status. It can also be stated that quality of life of the patients who underwent breast conserving therapy were better than the ones who underwent modified radical mastectomy in terms of both physical and mental status.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Effects of backfill on seismic behavior of rectangular tanks

    Livaoglu, Ramazan; Cakir, Tufan; Dogangun, Adem; Aytekin, Mustafa

    The reliability and/or stability of the lifeline structures against failure under seismic loads are of critical concern, and must be studied carefully. Therefore, the main objective of this paper is to demonstrate the commonly encountered backfill effects on the dynamic response of rectangular tanks. However, only the exterior wall of the tank which interacts with both the backfill and fluid is tackled, as each part of the structure shows considerable differences in terms of both the load bearing mechanisms and the geometrical and positional differences. Finite element analyses are employed, taking into consideration the fluid-wall-backfill interaction. The analyses are conducted to observe whether or not both backfill and wall behavior can be affected by variation of the internal friction angle. For that purpose, some comparisons are made on vertical displacements of the backfill, roof displacements, stress responses, etc., by means of internal friction angle variations of the backfill from 25 degrees to 40 degrees. Consequently, it is observed that the variations on maximum vertical displacements are affected considerably. In contrast, the maximum stress responses are affected partially. However, the inertial effects of the backfill show that pseudo-static approximations may be insufficient to understand the dynamic behavior of the backfill-wall-fluid system. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2011
    A Different Cause of Trauma: Injury by a Mole Gun

    Türkmen, Suha; Aktas, Aydin; Karaca, Yunus; Türedi, Suleyman; Gündüz, Abdulkadir

    Although injuries caused by the home-made weapons such as mole guns, which are intended to fight off moles, are rare in Turkey they do still happen. They generally involve minor accidents and cause simple injuries to the hand. In this case we present a patient who involves a trauma to the left hand with fragmental fracture of the first metacarpal caused while checking whether a mole gun had fired or not. This injury is an example of an accident related to primitive, home- made weapons, used particularly in rural areas.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    • SDG 16 · Barış, Adalet ve Güçlü Kurumlar
  • Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Development of hydropower energy in Turkey: The case of Coruh river basin

    Akpinar, Adem; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan; Kankal, Murat

    The main objective in doing the present study is to investigate the sustainable development of hydropower plants in the Coruh river basin of Turkey, which is least problem river of Turkey in respect to international cooperation as compared with Turkey's other trans-boundary waters. Initial studies concerning the hydropower production potential in Coruh basin had been carried out by Turkish authorities in the late 1960s. Total installed power capacity and annual average energy generation of 37 dams and run of river (without storage) hydropower plants developed at various project stages by The Electrical Power Resources Survey and Development Administration (EiE) in Coruh basin are 3132.70 MW and 10.55 TWh/yr, respectively. Today, this generation value corresponds 6.45% of Turkey's energy consumption in 2006 while it meets 6.3% of total electricity energy production of Turkey which is equal to 167.9 TINh/yr in 2006. Besides, this potential developed at various project stages in Coruh basin will provide 24.1% of Turkey's hydroelectric energy generation being equal to 43.8 TWh/yr in 2006. (C) 2010 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    • SDG 6 · Temiz Su ve Sanitasyon
    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Determination of proper peaking time for Ultra-LEGe detector

    Karabidak, S. M.; Kaya, S.; Çevik, U.; Çelik, A.

    Reducing count losses and pile-up pulse effects in quantitative and qualitative analysis is necessary for accuracy of analysis. Therefore, the proper peaking time for particular detector systems is important. The characteristic X-rays emitted from pure some elements were detected by using an Ultra-LEGe detector connecting a Tennelec TC 244 spectroscopy amplifier at different peaking time modes. Overall pulse widths were determined by an HM 203-7 oscilloscope connecting amplifier. The proper peaking time for Ultra-LEGe is determined as 3.84 mu s. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2011
    On the numerical solution of the model for HIV infection of CD4+ T cells

    Merdan, Mehmet; Gökdogan, Ahmet; Yildirim, Ahmet

    In this article, a variational iteration method (VIM) is performed to give approximate and analytical solutions of nonlinear ordinary differential equation systems such as a model for HIV infection of CD4(+) T cells. A modified VIM (MVIM), based on the use of Fade approximants is proposed. Some plots are presented to show the reliability and simplicity of the methods. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • BildiriYalnız künye2011
    SUBCLAVIAN VEIN STENOSIS ASSOCIATED WITH TEMPORARY HEMODIALYSIS CATHETER

    Memetoglu, M. E.; Kalkan, A.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Vibration-based operational modal analysis of the mikron historic arch bridge after restoration

    Altunişika, Ahmet Can; Bayraktar, Alemdar; Sevima, Bariş; Birincia, Fatma

    This research presents finite element modelling, vibration-based operational modal analysis, and finite element model updating of a restored historic arch bridge. Mikron historic bridge, constructed on Fi{dotless}rti{dotless}na River in Rize, Turkey, is the subject of this case study. The General Directorate for Highways of Turkey repaired the bridge's main structural elements, arches, sidewalls, and filler material in 1998. To construct a 3D finite element model of the bridge, ANSYS finite element software estimated the analytical dynamic characteristics. Induced ambient vibrations such as human walking and wind excited the model bridge to allow measurement of the bridge's responses. Enhanced frequency domain decomposition in frequency domain and stochastic subspace identification in time domain methodologies extracted experimental dynamic characteristics. A comparison of the analytical and experimental results showed significant agreement between mode shapes, but some differences in natural frequencies appeared. Consequently, updating the finite element model of the bridge by changing boundary conditions minimised the differences between analytical and experimental natural frequencies. After the finite element model updating process, the differences between natural frequencies declined from 7% to 2%.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2011
    Bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) in Japanese quails feeding 1. Performance and egg quality parameters

    Karaalp, Musa; Elmasta, Mahfuz; Genc, Nusret; Sezer, Metin; Yavuz, Musa; Ozkan, Mehmet

    The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of supplemented bay laurel (Laurus nobilis L.) leaves to a conventional diet of laying Japanese quail on the performance and some egg quality. A total number of 60 and 54 days old laying type quails were distributed into individual cages for three different treatments. The control diet did not containLaurus nobilis (LN) leaves (LNG) and the other diets were supplemented with 2 g (LN2) and 4 g (LN4) leaves kg-1, respectively. The trial lasted for a total of 10 weeks. Supplemented leaves of LN (2 or 4 g kg-1 feed) had no effect on any performance parameters, external and internal egg quality traits of quails. The diets have not changed the amount of egg yolk total cholesterol at 121 days old. However, egg yolk triglyceride concentration of quails fed LN4 diet was lower (p<0.01) than quails fed with the other diets at 121 days old. Besides, the amount of total cholesterol and triglyceride of egg yolk increased (p<O.01) in all of the groups with age. In egg yolk in the group receiving diet LN4, the level of palmitic acid was lower (p<0.05) and oleic acid was higher (p<0.05) than those of the other 2 groups at 118 days. Besides at that age, the level of pahnitic acid was lower and oleic acid was >55, 76 and 97 days. There was no change in the other fatty acids. The changes in total saturated and total monounsaturated fatty acids were parallel with palmitic acid and oleic acid, respectively. Total polyunsaturated fatty acid content in the present study did not change with diet and age. The results of this study demonstrated that supplemented a conventional diet with LN could change some biochemical parameters of quail egg yolk.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    New data on the harvestmen (Arachnida, Opiliones) fauna of Turkey

    Kurt, Kemal; Snegovaya, Nataly Yu.; Demir, Hakan; Seyyar, Osman

    A new collection of 8 species of harvestmen are reported from Turkey. Two of them: Zachaeus redikorzevi (Starega et Chevrizov, 1978) and Opilio coxipunctus (Sørensen, 1912), collected from the southern part of the country, represent new records for Turkish harvestmen fauna. These species are illustrated and their data regarding collecting sites and distribution all over the world are given.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    A new Early Jurassic brachiopod fauna from the Eastern Pontides (Turkey)

    Vörös, Attila; Kandemir, Raif

    A newly collected Early Jurassic brachiopod fauna from the Kocamantaşi section (Gümüşhane region, Eastern Pontides, Turkey) yielded 160 specimens and 13 species (4 rhynchonellids, 3 spirifennids, 6 terebratulids). Apart from some long-ranging forms, five species prove the Late Pliensbachian age of the fauna. The paleoenvironmental setting of the Kocamantaşi fauna shows analogies to the Alpine Hierlatz limestones. On the basis of common lithological characters, bedding features and sedimentary associations, this lithofacies is interpreted as a complex of submarine, biodetrital talus associated with fault-related submarine rocky slopes. The numerical comparison of the Kocamantaşi brachiopod fauna to Pliensbachian brachiopod faunas of Europe revealed that the faunal similarity was the highest to Kotel (Balkans) and the Crimea. Very strong affinity was recorded to further NW-European faunas, whereas very low, or no similarity was recognized to the Mediterranean faunas. This paleobiogeographical result supports the hypothesis that in the Late Pliensbachian the Eastern Pontide segment of the Cimmerian microcontinent was far from the Gondwana and close to the Eurasian margin of the Tethys.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Mineralogy and whole rock geochemistry of lzate Cretaceous sandstones from the eastern Pontides (NE Turkey)

    Eker, Cigdem Saydam; Korkmaz, Sadettin

    This study focuses on Upper Cretaceous sandstones of the Eastern Pontides to identify the source area, subaerial weathering level, and tectonic environment. Thirty four sandstone samples from six stratigraphic sections were analyzed by Inductively Coupled Plasma-Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MC) and by petrographic investigation. The late Cretaceous sandstones are defined as lithic arenites and feldspathic wackes, and lithic wackes depending on mineralogical and matrix content. The sandstones have low to moderate SiO2 contents (25-59%; on average -56%). There are high positive correlations between SiO2 Al2O3, and TiO2 and negative correlations between SiO2 and K2O. Geochemically, the sandstones are classified mainly as grey wackes and lithic arenites. Chemical index of alteration (CIA) and chemical index of weathering (CIW) values for Upper Cretaceous sandstones vary from 19 to 48 % and 20 to 49 % respectively. The combination of CIW/CIA values suggests little transportation until final deposition. The ratios of Th/Sc (on average -0.42), La/Sc (-1.81), Co/Th (-5.05) and Zr/Hf (-39.1) of sandstone samples in the study area indicate a mafic source. Furthermore, high light rare earth elements (LREE)/heavy rare earth elements (HREE) ratios (on average -19.72) and negative Eu anomalies (except in the Dagbasi section) suggest a contribution from a felsic source. The lower trace element contents of the Upper Cretaceous sandstones in relation to the Post-Archean Australian Shale (PAAS), which are considered to be representative of the upper continental crust, show that the recycling processes in their source areas were probably less intense than those of the PAAS. SiGyAlA (3.2-7.9) and K2O/Na20 (0.3-1) ratios, together with the Th (on average -3.3 ppm), Zr (on average -91.9 ppm), Co (on average -15 ppm), and Sc (on average -12.6 ppm) contents of the late Cretaceous sandstones of the eastern Pontides indicate a magmatic arc origin. Sandstones of the Trabzon region were probably deposited in fore-arc basins, and those from the Gumushane and Giresun regions in back-arc basins.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Radiological characterisation of Artvin and Ardahan provinces of Turkey

    Kucukomeroglu, B.; Yesilbag, Y.O.; Kurnaz, A.; Celik, N.; Cevik, U.; Celebi, N.

    Indoor radon concentration measurements were carried out and corresponding annual effective doses due to exposure to indoor radon were determined in Artvin and Ardahan provinces located in the eastern part of Turkey. The measurements were performed for four seasons in order to determine the seasonal fluctuations mostly observed in indoor environments. Indoor radon concentration values were observed to range from 21 to 321 Bq m-3 for the Artvin province and from 53 to 736 Bq m-3 for the Ardahan province. It was observed that minimum indoor radon concentration values were obtained in summer, while the highest ones were observed in winter. Indoor radon concentration values of the current study were compared with those of other provinces in Turkey. As elevated indoor radon concentrations are mostly correlated with high 238U activity concentrations in soil, a total of 57 and 33 soil samples were collected from the Artvin and Ardahan provinces, respectively, to determine 238U activity concentration as well as the concentration of 232TH and 40K-naturally occurring radionuclides. It was also observed that soil samples collected from the study areas contained 137Cs as an artificial radionuclide.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Estimation of the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio in compostable solid waste using artificial neural networks

    Bayram, Adem; Kankal, Murat; Ozsahin, Talat Sukru; Saka, Fatih

    Organic waste constitutes a majority of all municipal solid waste (MSW), a fact which yields some unfavorable results at open dumps, sanitary landfills, and incineration plants. As part of an integrated solid waste management strategy, composting could be applied to mixed collected MSWs or separately collected leaves, food, and yard wastes. The factor most crucial to successful composting is the carbon to nitrogen (C:N) ratio of the waste. This study employs two predictive models to estimate the C:N ratio of compostable MSW, an artificial neural network (ANN) and multiple linear regression (MLR). These models are based on 52 solid waste samples taken from the MSW open dumping area in Gümüşhane Province, Turkey. To estimate the C:N ratio, seven predictive variables were adopted. The proportions of food and yard (F&Y), and ash and scoria (A&S) waste; the moisture content (MC), the fixed carbon (FC) content, the total amount of organic matter (TOM), high calorific value (HCV), and pH. Fortytwo of the samples were used for training, and the remaining ten were used to test the models. The average relative error attained by the best ANN was 6.376%, while that attained by the MLR model was 11.002%. The effects of TOM content, F&Y percentage, and A&S percentage on the C:N ratio were investigated by running the ANN model for a range of input variables.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Crystal fractionation of adakitic magmas in the crust-mantle transition zone: Petrology, geochemistry and U-Pb zircon chronology of the Seme adakites, eastern Pontides, NE Turkey

    Eyuboglu, Yener; Santosh, M.; Chung, Sun-Lin

    Plutonic and porphyritic intrusions of adakitic rocks are widely distributed in the southern part of the eastern Pontides orogenic belt in Turkey. Ranging in age from late Paleocene to early Eocene, these intrusions provide critical information to evaluate the early Cenozoic geodynamic evolution of the eastern Mediterranean region. Here we report the results from our field, petrologic, geochemical and zircon U-Pb geochronological studies on adakitic intrusions in the Seme area from the southern part of eastern Pontides belt. The Seme granitoid, Daldibi dacite and Aslanca dacite porphyry from this region carry abundant plagioclcase, amphibole and biotite phenocrysts and have geochemical affinities typical of adakites including high SiO2 (58.48-75.6wt.%), Al2O3 (15.78-18.28wt.%), Na2O (3.94-5.08wt.%), Sr (506-1413ppm), and La (12.6-52.9ppm), moderate K2O (1.77-2.76wt.%), and low Y (4.7-14.2ppm) and Yb (0.28-1.29ppm). The early Eocene intrusions in the Seme area have compositional similarities with high-slica adakites, and their geochemical features suggest the involvement of slab-derived melts. The zircons separated from these rocks show euhedral crystal shapes with oscillatory cores typical of crystallization from magmas, as also confirmed by their high Th/U ratios (0.78 to 1.15). U-Pb analyses of zircons from the quartz diorite yielded a weighted mean 206Pb/238U age of 53.16±0.45Ma. Zircon grains from the Aslanca dacite porphyry occurring as a late phase within the Seme body show U-Pb isotopic ages of 53 and 52Ma concordant with U-Pb ages of zircons from quartz diorite. Based on major, trace and rare earth element data, we present a model suggesting crystal fractionation and/or differentation processes of subduction-related adakitic magmas stored in the crust-mantle transition zone, and their transfer into shallow depths of the overriding continental lithosphere.

  • MakaleAçık Erişim2011
    Stability properties of certain durum wheat genotypes for major quality characteristics; [Makarnalik buĝday genotiplerinin temel kalite kriterleri bakimindan stabilite özellikleri]

    Sakin, Mehmet Ali; Düzdemir, Oral; Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Yüksel, Ferhat

    Many ecological regions of Turkey are suitable for the production of durum wheat, and therefore the yield and quality of this wheat should be improved. In this study, stability properties associated with the pasta quality of 25 durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) genotypes grown in 3 dif erent locations (Tokat-Kazova, Diyarbaki{dotless}r, and Sivas-Ulaş) for 2 years (2005-2006, 2006-2007) were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes were composed of 12 registered varieties and 13 advanced experimental lines. Field trials were conducted in a randomized complete block design with 3 replications. Protein content, gluten index, sedimentation and specif c sedimentation volumes, yellow pigment content, and lipoxygenase activity of the durum wheats were measured as major quality characteristics. T e regression coef cient (bi) and mean square of deviation from regression (S2 d) were employed as the stability parameters. Genotypes, growing environments, and their interactions were found to be statistically signif cant (P < 0.01) for all investigated quality characteristics. No cultivars were determined to be simultaneously stable for all of the quality characteristics, yet some of the genotypes prevailed for certain quality characteristics. T e genotypes with the same origin took part in the same group as judged by the cluster analysis. Of the advanced experimental durum wheat lines, Line - 1, Line - 7, Line - 20, and Gdem - 12, which displayed better quality characteristics than the overall means, can be used as breeding materials. Of the registered varieties, Aydin - 93, Çeşit - 1252, and Gidara were determined to be stable by both parameters in certain quality characteristics.

  • MakaleYalnız künye2011
    Effects of random material and geometrical properties on structural safety of steel-concrete composite systems

    Çavdar, Özlem; Bayraktar, Alemdar; Çavdar, Ahmet

    A stochastic finite element-based algorithm for probabilistic analysis of structural systems made of composite sections with random material and geometrical properties under earthquake forces is proposed in this paper. Uncertainties in the structural parameters can be taken into account in this algorithm. For the perturbation-based stochastic finite element method, only the first two moments of random variables need to be known, and is numerically much more efficient and feasible than simulation techniques. The efficiency and accuracy of the proposed algorithm are validated by comparison with results of Monte Carlo simulation method. A summary of stiffness matrix formulation and perturbation-based stochastic finite element dynamic analysis formulation of structural systems made of composite sections is given. These are followed by suitable numerical examples, which indicate that employment of such a dynamic stochastic finite element method leads to significant economical, efficient and accurate solutions for the dynamic analysis of composite structures with stochastic parameters under earthquake forces.