Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Optimizing compton suppression systems: A parametric monte carlo study of NaI scintillator geometry
Kaya, Ali; Çelik, Necati; Kaya, Selim
Compton suppression systems are widely used to enhance gamma-ray spectral quality in applications such as nuclear safeguards and environmental radioactivity measurements. Although optimization of high-purity germanium (HPGe) detectors has been extensively reported, the geometric optimization of secondary sodium iodide [NaI(Tl)] scintillation detectors remains less studied. This work investigates the influence of annular and plug NaI(Tl) detector geometry—length, thickness, and radius—on Compton suppression performance using Monte Carlo simulations. Performance is evaluated in terms of the peak Compton suppression factor (CSFpeak) and total Compton suppression factor (CSFtotal). The results show that CSFpeak and CSFtotal increase with plug length (2–10.2 cm) and annular thickness (1–5.85 cm), with saturation observed beyond approximately 8–10 cm and 4–5 cm, respectively, due to reduced incremental photon absorption. The plug detector radius (3.72–5.1 cm) exhibits a nonlinear effect, with optimal performance achieved at 4.55–4.83 cm, beyond which gains are marginal (<5%). Suboptimal geometries (plug length <6 cm, annular thickness <3 cm, plug radius <4.28 cm) result in 20–60% lower suppression performance, increasing Compton continuum contributions in 662 keV spectra. The optimal configuration—plug length of 8–10 cm, plug radius of 4.55–4.83 cm, and annular thickness of 4–5 cm—achieves more than 90% of maximum CSFpeak and CSFtotal while maintaining a balance between performance and detector volume. These results provide quantitative design guidelines for optimizing NaI(Tl)-based Compton suppression systems for improved gamma-ray spectrometry performance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Monte Carlo calculation of geometry-dependent true coincidence summing correction factors for the gamma-rays of 214Bi in HPGe detectors
Çelik, Necati
True coincidence summing (TCS) effects in gamma-ray spectrometry introduce significant systematic uncertainties in activity determinations, particularly for radionuclides with complex decay schemes such as 214Bi. This study presents a comprehensive Monte Carlo investigation of TCS correction factors (CFs) for seven major gamma-ray lines of 214Bi. The primary contribution of this study is the systematic decoupling of detector geometry effects: nine distinct HPGe detector configurations were simulated with varying crystal dimensions, dead layers, and hole geometries, followed by an isolated analysis of crystal radius versus crystal length contributions for both point and extended source geometries. The decay scheme of 214Bi was meticulously modeled using Nucleide 2000 data, incorporating all beta branches, gamma transitions, internal conversion coefficients, and cascade probabilities to ensure high-fidelity representation of the decay scheme. Results demonstrate that crystal radius exerts a substantially stronger influence on TCS CFs than crystal length, with point source values at 609.3 keV increasing by 18.2% across the radius range of 2.1–4.5 cm, compared to only 3.7% variation across the length range of 3–11 cm. Extended source geometries reduce TCS CFs by 5%–11% compared to point sources across all configurations, highlighting the mitigating effect of distributed sources. Energy-dependent behavior is also evident: the 609.3 keV line exhibits strong summing-in (CF > 1.3 for large detectors), while the 1377.7 keV line shows dominant summing-out (CF < 0.86). These findings provide gamma-ray spectrometrists with insight into the relative importance of detector dimensions for TCS effects, suggesting that crystal radius is the primary geometric parameter influencing coincidence summing corrections. The observed trends illustrate how TCS corrections vary with detector dimensions, offering spectrometrists a basis for understanding the relative sensitivity of these corrections to different geometric parameters.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026CsPbBr3 single-crystal growth by temperature-lowering method as a case study for EGS4 benchmarking against commercial radiation detectors
Akbulut Özen, Songül; Özen, Murat; Çelik, Necati
CsPbBr3 single-crystals were synthesized using a hydrobromic acid–based temperature-lowering method, and their structural and optical properties were confirmed by XRD, DSC, and UV–Vis analyses. A solubility curve was established to optimize growth conditions, enabling enlargement of the seeded crystals. The radiation detection potential of CsPbBr3 was evaluated using EGS4 Monte Carlo simulations across photon energies ranging from 10 keV to 1 MeV. Simulated full-energy peak efficiencies and resolution values were compared with conventional detectors (Si(Li), NaI, and HPGe) and with alternative perovskite derivatives (CH3NH3PbBr3, Cs4PbBr6, CsPb2Br5). CsPbBr3 exhibited efficiency scaling with detector volume and resolution behavior consistent with the statistical 1/√E dependence typical of direct-gap semiconductors. While HPGe maintained superior intrinsic resolution, CsPbBr3 offered promising room-temperature performance without cryogenic requirements. These results demonstrate that the temperature-lowering method provides a viable route to scalable CsPbBr3 single-crystals and confirm their potential as cost-effective, high-Z semiconductor detectors for X- and γ-ray applications. The findings establish a foundation for the further optimization of perovskite-based radiation detection technologies.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Natural Radioactivity and Radiological Risk Assessment of Rocks Around the Mines: A Case Study From the Mastra and Hazine Mağara Mining Areas, Northeastern Türkiye
Sipahi, Ferkan; Çelik, Necati; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Dizman, Serdar
This study presents a comprehensive assessment of natural radioactivity levels and associated radiological hazards in rock samples collected from Mastra and Hazine Mağara mining sites in the Gümüşhane province, Türkiye. The concentrations of primordial radionuclides (226Ra, 232Th, and 40K) were measured in samples of andesite, granite, and limestone using a High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detector. Complementary whole-rock geochemical analysis (XRF and ICP-MS) was conducted to understand the geochemical controls on radioactivity concentrations. The results reveal significant heterogeneity in activity concentrations both within and between the two sites. For 226Ra, the Hazine Mağara site exhibited a wider range (2.44–22.57 Bq kg−1) with a higher maximum value compared to Mastra (2.65–13.96 Bq kg−1). Similarly, 232Th and 40K activity concentrations showed considerable variability, often linked to the presence of specific accessory minerals like zircon, monazite, and K-feldspar. Geochemical data indicated that element concentrations (K, U, Th) were generally lowest in limestone and highest in granite, showing a strong correlation with the measured activity concentration values. Radiological risk indices, including radium equivalent activity, absorbed dose rate, annual effective dose equivalent, and excess lifetime cancer risk, were calculated. While values remain below international public health safety limits, localized anomalies were identified. Multivariate statistical methods were used to determine the relationship between the 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, Raeq (Bq/kg), Ig, Hex, D (nGy/h), AEDE (μSv/y), AGDE (μSv/y), and ELCR (×10−5). The study concludes that despite these localized anomalies, both mining areas pose an overall minimum environmental radiation risk, underscoring the necessity for site-specific assessments to ensure safe resource utilization and radiation protection.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Computational analysis of radiation shielding properties of BaO-modified magnesium borophosphate glasses based on WinXCOM and EGS4 Monte Carlo simulations
Düzgün, İbrahim; Çelik, Necati; Kaya, Selim
The increasing use of ionizing radiation in medical, industrial, and nuclear applications necessitates the development of advanced and environmentally friendly shielding materials. In this study, the gamma-ray shielding performance of BaO-modified magnesium borophosphate glasses with compositions xBaO–30MgO–10P2O5–(50−x)B2O3–10Na2O (x = 0–35 mol%) was theoretically investigated. The radiation attenuation properties were evaluated over a wide photon energy range (59.54–2000 keV) using the WinXCOM database and Monte Carlo simulations based on the EGS4 code. Key shielding parameters, including mass attenuation coefficient (μ/ρ), half-value layer (HVL), mean free path (MFP), effective atomic number (Zeff), radiation protection efficiency (RPE), and gamma-ray kerma coefficients, were determined. The results indicate that increasing BaO content enhances the attenuation capability of the glass system, particularly in the low and medium photon energy regions, due to increased density and effective atomic number. A good agreement between WinXCOM and EGS4 results confirms the reliability of the applied theoretical approaches. These findings suggest that BaO-modified magnesium borophosphate glasses are promising candidates for radiation shielding applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026A Comparative Study of 137Cs Dose Factors for Constant and Depth-dependent Soil Densities
Çelik, Necati; Akçay, Nilay; Çevik, Uğur
Accurate assessment of external radiation dose rates from 137Cs is essential for evaluating radiological risk in environmental and occupational settings. This study refines dose conversion coefficient calculations by incorporating depth-dependent soil density and addressing limitations in conventional methods that assume constant soil density. We calculated dose conversion coefficients for 137Cs in soil, considering both exponential and Gaussian distributions of activity concentration. Using two models, one with constant density and another with variable density as a function of depth, we compared dose rates to quantify the effect of soil density variations. Results indicate that dose rates are consistently higher when depth-dependent density is applied. The effect is more pronounced when 137Cs activity is distributed over larger depths (i.e., greater relaxation lengths) or when broader Gaussian distributions are considered. This suggests that assuming constant soil density may lead to underestimations of dose rates, especially in heterogeneous or compacted soils. Our findings emphasize the importance of accounting for density variability in dose calculations to enhance radiological risk assessments for areas contaminated with 137Cs.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Comparative study of magnetic and electric quadrupole moments in boron (5B) isotopes
Ali, Ahmed H.; Tfiha, Amir D.; Zakaly, Hesham M. H.; Jarallah, Naz T.; Issa, Shams A. M.; Abdulqader, Abdulqader S.; Çelik, Necati; Bhuyan, M.
The magnetic moments and electric quadrupole moments of the B-5 isotopes were calculated using different nuclear interactions and sets of effective charges. Instead of relying on core polarization, the effective charges were adopted through a microscopic theoretical approach. The one-body density matrix (OBDM) elements for these isotopes were calculated using the NuShellX@MSU code. The calculations were carried out within the shell model framework, using both the p- and psd-model spaces (MS). These model spaces were selected for nuclei with proton number Z = 5 and neutron number N > 3. The theoretical results for magnetic and quadrupole moments were compared with available experimental data. Theoretical magnetic moments of the B-8,B-10,B-11,B-12,B-13 isotopes showed good agreement with experiment when using the p-MS with the pwt interaction, and the psd-MS with the psdmwk interaction. Similarly, the theoretical electric quadrupole moments reasonably well with the experimental values when using the p-MS with the pkuo interaction, and the psd-MS with the psdmwk interaction.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Long-term decline of Chernobyl-derived 137Cs in mosses and lichens from the Eastern Black Sea region of Türkiye
Çevik, Ugur; Çelik, Necati; Uzun, Kubra K.; Çelik, Ahmet; Koz, Bahadir; Özen, Songul A.; Yesilkanat, Cafer M.; Hacisalihoglu, Aylin; Özkalayci, Fatih; Kaya, Selim
This study presents the third consecutive assessment of 13 Cs activity concentrations in the same 50 moss (7 species) and lichen (2 species) sampling points in Ordu province, T & uuml;rkiye, one of the most heavily contaminated areas following the Chernobyl accident. Samples were collected from exactly the same locations used in the 1997 and 2007 studies and analyzed by high-resolution gamma spectrometry. In 2025, detectable 13 Cs was found in 14 of 30 moss sites (47%) and 3 of 20 lichen sites (15%). For samples below the minimum detectable activity (MDA), a value of MDA/2 (0.93 Bq kg-1) was substituted for lichens, while moss samples below the MDA were excluded from regression. The ecological half-life (Teco) for the 2007-2025 period was 4.38 +/- 1.05 years for mosses and 4.18 +/- 0.61 years for lichens. For mosses, this is nearly identical to the 1997-2007 mean (4.4 years), while for lichens it decreased from 5.6 to 4.18 years, suggesting a slight acceleration in environmental removal. All Teco values remain far shorter than the physical half-life of 13 Cs (30 years), confirming that environmental removal processes dominate over radioactive decay. Residual 13 Cs is concentrated in higher-altitude areas, reflecting the original deposition pattern and slower removal in cooler, more humid microenvironments. Nearly 39 years after the accident, the radiological risk posed by residual trace levels is negligible. This 28-year dataset provides one of the longest continuous records of 13 Cs in epiphytic bioindicators and serves as a valuable baseline for future contamination events.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026A combined Monte Carlo, analytical, and experimental study of true coincidence summing correction factors for 152Eu
Çelik, Necati; Ali, Ahmed H.; Apaydin, Gokhan; Çevik, Ugur; Açikel, Selami
The radionuclide 152Eu presents a significant challenge in gamma-ray spectrometry due to its complex decay scheme and significant true coincidence summing (TCS) effects, especially in close-measurement geometries. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into TCS correction factors for the principal gamma-ray lines of 152Eu using tripartite methodology: a custom Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on the EGS4 system, an established analytical method, and direct experimental measurements. The MC simulation explicitly models the complete decay process, including branching ratios, gamma emissions, internal conversion, and subsequent X-ray emissions for both decay branches (beta-minus to 152Gd and EC to 152Sm). Experimentally, correction factors were derived using a well-characterized point source measured at multiple distances with a coaxial HPGe detector. The analytical, method based on probabilistic analysis of the decay scheme, served as an examination. Results demonstrate that the analytical method underestimated the TCS correction factors, particularly for low-energy lines such as 121.78 keV, where it predicted a mere 0.78 % correction compared to 25.5 and 23.5 % from MC and experiment, respectively. This discrepancy is attributed to the analytical method's neglect of gamma-X ray coincidences and the internal conversion effects. In contrast, the MC simulation showed remarkable agreement with experimental results across all energies, validating its capability to accurately model the full complexity of TCS effects. The study concludes that while analytical methods offer rapid estimates, MC simulations, especially when experimentally validated, are essential for achieving metrological accuracy in the gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of complex radionuclides like 152Eu.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Quantum interferometric protocol using spin-dependent displacements
Çelik, Necati; Özen, Songul Akbulut; Engin, Burhan
We propose a quantum interferometric protocol that leverages spin-dependent spatial displacements to enable high-precision parameter estimation beyond classical limits. By inducing a unitary coupling between a particle's spin degree of freedom and its momentum, the protocol generates entanglement between spin states and spatial positions, resulting in coherent spatial superpositions. Interferometric reconstruction of the resulting phase differences enables Heisenberg-limited sensitivity for parameters encoded in the spin Hamiltonian. As a concrete application, we demonstrate the protocol's effectiveness in magnetic field sensing, where the field is transduced into spatial interference fringes. Quantum Fisher information analysis confirms sub-shot-noise scaling, and the protocol's feasibility is discussed for physical platforms including ultracold atoms and nitrogen-vacancy centers. Our framework provides a versatile approach to quantum metrology with potential extensions to multiparameter sensing and gravitational wave detection.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2025A quantitative analysis on the effect of crystal parameters on full energy peak efficiency of a coaxial high purity Germanium detector for the energy range 50 keV-2.5 MeV
Çelik, Necati
High Purity Germanium (HPGe) detectors are essential instruments in gamma-ray spectrometry, offering high sensitivity and exceptional energy resolution. The full-energy-peak (FEP) efficiency is a critical parameter that influences the accuracy of activity concentration measurements of radionuclides. This study examines the FEP efficiency of a coaxial HPGe detector, focusing on variations in crystal length, crystal radius, and crystal hole dimensions. For varying crystal lengths, the efficiency values show negligible differences at low energy (50 keV) but significant increases at higher energies, indicating that longer crystal lengths enhance efficiency. Similarly, the efficiency increases with larger crystal radii across all energy levels suggesting substantial efficiency gains even at low energies. However, variations in crystal hole radius and depth, exhibit minimal impact on FEP efficiency across all tested energy levels. These findings highlight that optimizing crystal length and radius is more crucial for changing detector efficiency compared to modifying hole dimensions, providing valuable insights for optimizing Monte Carlo models and detector design.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Effect of detector crystal size on Compton suppression factors
Kaya, Selim; Çelik, Necati; Gök, Abdulkadir; Çevik, Uğur
The geometrical parameters which affect the suppression factor for an HPGe (High Purity Germanium)-NaI Compton suppression spectrometer were studied by a Monte Carlo simulation with the EGS4 system. The spectrums were crated for 5 energy values ranging from 200 keV to 2 MeV. Compton suppression factors (CSFs), the parameters characterizing the system performance, were calculated for different HPGe crystal parameters. It was observed that to obtain better Compton suppressed factors, a laboratory must choose as small HPGe crystal as possible for energy values up to 400 keV. However, for higher energies up to 2 MeV, larger HPGe crystals provide better Compton suppression systems. These findings suggest that the choice of HPGe crystal size can significantly impact the performance of a Compton suppression spectrometer and should be carefully considered in its design and optimization.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2022Producing maximally entangled Bell type states in an efficient way for quantum teleportation
Çelik, Necati; Ünal, Nüket
In quantum teleportation, the sender must interact her/his qubit to one of the qubits in a maximally entangled Bell/Bell-type state and as a result, a joint state is obtained. This joint state has to be rearranged in terms of the appropriate number of Bell/Bell-type states. Then the sender measures her/his qubits and sends the results via a classical channel to the receiver. According to the outcome of the measurement results, the receiver applies appropriate gates to the qubits in her/his share to recover the teleported state. Perhaps the most important step in this protocol is to be able to rewrite the joint state in terms of the appropriate number of Bell-type states. An efficient way to produce Bell-type states for quantum teleportation of an arbitrary n-qubit state is proposed. Quantum teleportation of an arbitrary three-qubit state is studied as an example.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Determination of the environmental natural radioactivity and mapping of natural background radioactivity of the Gumushane province, Turkey
Kaya, Selim; Kaya, Ali; Çelik, Necati; Kara, Rasim Taylan; Taşkın, Halim; Koz, Bahadır
The aim of the study is to determine the ambient radiation level in Gumushane province. With this aim, the gamma dose ratios absorbed in the air were surveyed by a portable gamma detector. The activity concentrations of 226Ra, 232Th, 40K, and 137Cs in soil samples have been measured by the gamma spectrometric analysis system. The gross alpha and beta activity concentrations in drinking water were also determined by the alpha and beta counting system. By considering the geological structure, the soil samples have been obtained from 62 different spots. In addition, 77 samples of natural and tap water have been collected from different points of the province. The samples were analyzed at the Cekmece Nuclear Research and Training Center in Turkey. Absorbed gamma dose rates in the air were measured in 338 different points in the studied area.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019The in situ natural radionuclide (238U,232Th and40K) concentrations in Gümüşhane granitoids: implications for radiological hazard levels of Gümüşhane city, northeast Turkey
Maden, Nafiz; Akaryalı, Enver; Çelik, Necati
We have carried out 48 in situ measurements on radioactivities of 238U, 232Th and 40K isotopes at the Gümüşhane granitoid plutons employing gamma-ray spectrometer with a NaI(Tl) scintillation detector. The radionuclide activity concentrations of 40K, 238U and 232Th ranged from 62.6 to 1680.8 Bq kg−1, 2.5 to 119.9 Bq kg−1 and 3.3 to 92.4 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean concentration of natural radionuclides (40K, 238U and 232Th) was found to be 638.5 ± 421.6 Bq kg−1, 40.8 ± 27.4 Bq kg−1 and 33.5 ± 25.5 Bq kg−1, respectively. The mean values of the radium equivalent and the external hazard index were 137.9 ± 80.6 Bq kg−1 and 0.37 ± 0.22, respectively. The value of annual effective dose equivalent value (81.8 μSv year−1) is lower on average than in the world average of 460 μSv year−1. The external hazard index acquired in this study did not exceed the international safety standard levels, which means that Gümüşhane pluton does not produce any radiation hazards to the dwellers.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017In situ gamma ray measurements for deciphering of radioactivity level in Sarıhan pluton area of northeastern Turkey
Çınar, Hakan; Altundaş, Suna; Çelik, Necati; Maden, Nafız
The present work utilizes in situ gamma ray spectrometric measurement data to map the surface geology of Sarıhan Granitoid and its surrounding area. The study area comprises three different lithological units, namely, Hozbirikyayla Formation (limestone and sandy limestones), Sarıhan Granitoid (consist of quartz monzodiorite, granodiorite and quartz diorite) and the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange (andesite, basalt, sandstone, gravelly sandstone). When lithological units are assessed according to the radioactivity characteristics, natural radionuclide contents (40K and radionuclides from 238U and 232Th series) of Hozbirikyayla limestones and ophiolitic melange rocks are lower than the Sarıhan pluton. The U, Th and K radionuclide contents were found to be 0.8–5.4 ppm, 10.1–33.6 ppm and 1.29–4.41% in the Sarıhan plutonic area and 0.9–5.3 ppm, 1.1–20.3 ppm and 0.04–2.71% in Horzbirikyayla formation, respectively. The element concentrations of 238U, 232Th and 40K of the Ophiolitic melange are 1.1–4.5 ppm, 1.6–25.3 ppm and 0.09–3.63%, respectively. Radioelement ratio maps are created for the studied area, because the parameters of radioelement ratios, eU/eTh, eU/K and eTh/K, reflect the radioactive characters of the rock and soil. The Hozbirikyayla Formation is characterized by the highest value of eU/eTh and lowest value of eTh/K. While the lowest eU/eTh and eU/K ratios were observed in the Sarıhan Granodiorite, the highest value of eU/K and eTh/K were obtained in the Ophiolitic olistostromal melange. By comparing these maps with the geology, it was found that the radioelement concentrations are in good agreement with the geological properties of the region. In addition to this, the radiation hazard parameters were evaluated to assess the radiation hazard for people living in this area. It has also been found that there is no significant radiologic hazard for humans and the environment in and around studied area.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2016The impossibility of producing I-131 from its daughter Xe-131 by photonuclear reactions
Bayram, Tuncay; Akkoyun, Serkan; Çelik, Necati; Haciislamoǧlu, Emel; Uruk, Serhat; Şentürk, Şevki; Ristic, G
131I is one of the radioisotopes in nuclear medicine procedures for diagnostic and treatment purposes. It decays to 131Xe by emitting beta particles. In this study, we have investigated the reproduction possibility of 131I from 131Xe by using different reactions, including a photonuclear reaction step. We have used TALYS computer program for calculating cross-sections of the reactions. It was seen that it was not an easy task to reproduce 131I from its decay product 131Xe because of low reaction cross-section values. According to the results, we have seen that the calculations are in harmony with the TENDL 2014 database.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Assessment of Radiological Levels at Schools in Trabzon, Turkey
Çevik, Ugur; Çelik, Ahmet; Çelik, Necati; Özkalayci, Fatih; Akbulut, Songul
In this study, a survey on environmental radioactivity in 16 high schools located in north eastern region of Turkey (the black sea region, province of Trabzon) was carried out. Indoor air radon (Rn-222) concentrations were measured in spring and autumn 2008 seasons using LR115 solid state nuclear track detectors and gamma radioactivity levels were measured using an HPGe gamma ray detector. It was seen that mean radon activity concentrations in schools ranged from 31 to 157 Bq/m(3) for spring season and from 38 to 114 Bq/m(3) for autumn season. The mean gamma activity concentrations in located areas of schools are between 18-52, 21-59, 11-97 and 265-759 Bq/kg for Ra-226, Th-232, Cs-137 and K-40, respectively. The annual effective doses of students and staff received due to radon and locations' gamma radioactivity levels are calculated.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Effect of detector collimation on the measured mass attenuation coefficients of some elements for 59.5-661.6 keV gamma-rays
Çelik, Necati; Çevik, Ugur; Çelik, Ahmet
Mass attenuation coefficients were determined experimentally for Sc, Ni and W for gamma energies of 59.5, 122, 276, 302, 356, 383 and 662 keV for different detector collimator diameters ranging from 2 to 10 mm. The aim was to investigate the quantitative analysis of detector collimator diameter effect on measured mass attenuation coefficients. It was found that measured mass attenuation coefficients decrease systematically with the increasing collimator diameter. The relative difference was found to be up to around 3% in some cases. The observed decrease in mass attenuation coefficients was attributed to the detection of elastic and inelastic scattered photons from the absorber. In elastic scattering process the photons change in direction but not in energy and get counted under the full energy peak if they reach the detector. In inelastic scattering however, both direction and energy of the scattered photons change. It was seen that most of the inelastic scattered photons also get counted by the detection system since they lose an amount of energy lower than the energy resolution of the detector. It is understood from the present results that it is essential to take into account the experimental geometry when reporting mass attenuation coefficients.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Monte Carlo modelling of human body for dose conversion coefficients of 137Cs in soil of the Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey
Çelik, Necati
Absorbed dose conversion coefficients for a human body standing on the soil surface were calculated for 137Cs in the soil of Eastern Black Sea region of Turkey using the Monte Carlo simulation method. The results were given in nGy h -1 per Bq cm -2 as a function of depth. Simple numerical integration of this function multiplied with the known specific activity as a function of depth gives the absorbed dose conversion coefficients for any distribution of 137Cs in soil. Gaussian distribution of 137Cs in the soil was considered for calculations.