Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Uzun, Sevda(62)
- Merdan, Mehmet(58)
- Duran, Celal(50)
- Ozdes, Duygu(47)
- Kaygusuz, Abdullah(43)
- Ashyralyyev, Charyyar(38)
- Karsli, Orhan(33)
- Öztürk, Serkan(32)
- Araz, Onur(31)
- Demir, Selim(29)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(29)
- Dokuz, Abdurrahman(28)
- Arslan, Mehmet(27)
- Baltacı, Cemalettin(27)
- Maden, Nafiz(27)
- Sipahi, Ferkan(27)
- Topal, Fevzi(27)
- Turan, Ibrahim(27)
- Kandemir, Raif(25)
- Kurt, Kemal(24)
- Ozturk, Samet(24)
- Peker, Iskender(24)
- Vural, Alaaddin(24)
- Reis, Hatice Catal(23)
- Yücel, Cem(23)
- Aydin, Faruk(22)
- Baltaci, Cemalettin(22)
- Gücer, Mehmet Ali(22)
- Günen, Mehmet Akif(22)
- Kankal, Murat(22)
- Topal, Meryem(22)
- Karimullah, Suud Sarim(21)
- Uysal, Ibrahim(20)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(19)
- Tuncer, Metin(19)
- Yolcu, Halil(19)
- Çelik, Necati(19)
- Ürkek, Bayram(19)
- Şan, Murat(19)
- Aliyazicioglu, Yuksel(18)
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Production of human milk fat substitute with medium-chain fatty acids by lipase-catalyzed acidolysis: Optimization by response surface methodology
Ilyasoglu, Huri; Gultekin-Ozguven, Mine; Ozcelik, Beraat
The aim of this study was to synthesize human milk fat substitute (HMFS) enriched with medium-chain fatty acids (MCFAs) by Lipozyme® RM IM-catalyzed acidolysis. The reaction substrates (tripalmitin, hazelnut oil fatty acids and Neobee® fatty acids) were specially chosen to mimic human milk fats and to enrich HMFS with MCFAs. Substrate molar ratio, reaction temperature and enzyme content were used to model and to optimize the reaction conditions via response surface methodology. The experiment was carried out at the optimal condition generated from the model yielded structured lipids with caprylic acid (12.8 g/100 g), capric acid (10.6 g/100 g) and palmitic acid (30 g/100 g). These values were found similar to the values predicted by the model (15.9 g/100 g, 14.1 g/100 g and 33.3 g/100 g). It can be concluded that the potential use of the structured lipids (SLs) produced in infant formulas provide energy source delivering a reduced calorie value for newborn, term and preterm infants.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Solutions for 4D cadastre - with a case study on utility networks
Döner, Fatih; Thompson, Rod; Stoter, Jantien; Lemmen, Christiaan; Ploeger, Hendrik; van Oosterom, Peter; Zlatanova, Sisi
The increasing complexity and flexibility of modern land use requires that cadastres need to manage information on the third and temporal (fourth) dimension. This article considers the registration of legal space of utility networks in cadastre in this 3D + time (=4D) context. A requirement analysis in three countries that have methods to register utility networks complying with their legal, organizational and technical structure (Turkey, the Netherlands and Queensland, Australia) is the basis for three alternatives for 4D cadastre to register utility networks. The three alternatives are analysed with respect to legal, organizational and technical cadastral requirements. This article presents a case study and a prototype from the Netherlands. In this country by law utilities are considered to be real estate objects with obligatory registration of ownership and geometry. This study shows that the 3D space and separate temporal attributes approach (state-based model) is a very promising solution to maintain temporal changes of utility networks and that this approach is to be preferred above the current practice, where the 3D and temporal aspects are not considered when registering a network.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011Comparison of state space controllers with two different observers on an identified water tank system
Özden, Talat; Ciba, Osman Nuri; Okumuş, Halil Ibrahim
In this paper, identification of a water tank system is performed, and controller and observer for identified system are constructed. Identification is done via Linear Black Box Identification which consists of unknown parameters; need to be estimated from measured data. Firstly, PRBS Signal is built using data, which is achieved by analyzing step response of the plant and considering that the change in the input signal may not be too large since we are going to use a linear model to indentify a nonlinear process. Considered linear models are ARX, ARMAX and OE, whose results are compared using different criteria such as simulation, correlation, and pole-zero plots. And the chosen model which is an Armax model will be given explaining the reasons why it is chosen. In the next step, controllability and observability tests are performed for chosen Armax model and observer and controller designs are performed. Predictive and filtering observers are constructed to observe the system and state space feedback controllers with and without integrators are constructed to control the system. Depending on the achieved observers and controllers, response of real system and simulation are compared to find best controller and best observer for the water tank system.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011Quality characteristics of registered cultivars and advanced lines of durum wheats grown in different ecological regions of Turkey
Sakin, Mehmet A.; Sayaslan, Abdulvahit; Duzdemir, Oral; Yuksel, Ferhat
In this study, pastaquality- associated characteristics of 25 durum wheat genotypes were investigated. Durum wheat genotypes consisted of 13 advanced experimental lines and 12 registered cultivars that were grown in three different locations of Turkey for 2 yr. Genotype, location, year and their interactions were found to be statistically significant in terms of all investigated quality characteristics. Mean quality parameters for the genotypes varied as follows: yellowberry kernel 1.7-6.1%, pigment content 3.67-8.31 mg kg-1, lipoxygenase (LOX) activity 12.9-27.9 EU g-1, protein content 10.8-11.8% (14% mb), gluten index (GI) 12-61, sodium dodecyl sulphate-sedimentation volume 17.3-28.7 mL, specific sedimentation volume 1.60-2.52 mL. Of the genotypes, 10 contained γ-gliadin 45 and six γ-gliadin 42 proteins. Except for Zenit, none of the registered cultivars and advanced experimental lines investigated in this study were able to meet simultaneously the requirements for high-quality pasta products; yet certain experimental lines prevailing in specific quality characteristics, such as Line-Gdem- 2, Line-Gdem-12 and Line-20, may be used for further breeding purposes. The results of this study also imply that grain yield and quality should be taken collectively into consideration in wheat breeding programs.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Characteristics of seismic activity in the Western, Central and Eastern parts of the North Anatolian Fault Zone, Turkey: Temporal and spatial analysis
Öztürk, Serkan
Characteristics of seismic activity along the North Anatolian Fault Zone are analyzed between 1970 and 2010. Magnitude completeness changes between 2.7 and 2.9 in the North Anatolian Fault Zone. The frequency-magnitude distribution of earthquakes is well represented with a b-value typically close to 1. A clear decrease in temporal distribution of b-value is observed before the strong main shocks. Correlation dimension values are relatively large and the seismic activity is more clustered at larger scales in the North Anatolian Fault Zone. A statistical assessment is made in order to detect the current seismic quiescence anomalies in the beginning of 2010. Eight significant anomalous zones throughout the North Anatolian Fault Zone are detected. These are centered at: (1) 41.08°N-28.58°E (around Silivri), (2) 41. 47°N-29.51°E (in the Black Sea), (3) 40.69°N-29.78°E (including Izmit), (4) 40.26°N-26.46°E (around Gelibolu, Canakkale), (5) 40.59°N-31.03°E (including Duzce fault), (6) 40.86°N-35.30°E (around Amasya), (7) 39.48°N-39.74°E (around Erzincan), and (8) 39.06°N-40.50°E (around Bingol).
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Using landsat data to determine land use/land cover changes in gümüşhane, Turkey
Döner, Fatih
Sustainable land use and development require timely, accurate and detailed information of land resources as well as changes in the land resource. 'What is changing in where' question is answered by multiple observations over a period of time. Remote sensing technology provides such a monitoring requirement. The aim of this study was to analyze land use/ land cover (LU/LC) changes between 1975 and 2000 in Gümüs ̧hane, Turkey, using satellite images. Three Landsat images from 1975, 1987 and 2000 were used to determine changes. A post classification technique was used based on a hybrid classification approach (unsupervised and supervised). Images were classified into five LU/LC types; urban, agriculture, forest, pasture and other lands. It is found that significant changes in land cover occurred between the years 1975 and 2000. The results showed an increase in urban, forest and agriculture and a decrease in pasture and other lands between 1975 and 2000. In this period, urban land increased from 1.25 to 3.78% of the total area. While the area of pasture decreased from 26.74 to 23.44% of the total area, the area of forest and agriculture increased from 37.32 to 39.51% and from 8.83 to 13.27%, respectively.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Effect of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria and manure on yield and quality characteristics of Italian ryegrass under semi arid conditions
Yolcu, Halil; Turan, Metin; Lithourgidis, Anastasios; Çakmakçi, Ramazan; Koç, Ali
Plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) appeared as a promising alternative for organic fertilization. A field experiment was carried out to evaluate the effects of PGPR and solid cattle manure application on yield, quality, and mineral concentrations of Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.) under semi arid conditions in Turkey. The treatments included: three manure application rates (i.e. M1, 10; M2, 20; and M3, 30 Mg ha -1), five PGPR strains (i.e. RC11, Bacillus subtilis; RC21, Variovorax paradoxus; RC105, Paenibacillus polymyxa; RP24/3, Paenibacillus polymyxa; and RF29/2, Pseudomonas putida), and a control (without bacteria or manure application). Manure application did not increase yield of Italian ryegrass, whereas the treatments with RC21 and RP24/3 rhizobacteria provided the highest dry matter yield. All PGPR and manure applications increased crude protein concentration of Italian ryegrass. The M3 manure rate and most treatments with PGPR (except RC11) produced greater crude protein yield than that of control. In addition, concentrations of P, S, Mg, Cu, Zn, and Fe in most PGPR and manure applications were greater than those of control.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011Ambient and forced vibration tests of a box girder concrete bridge model
Altunisik, A.C.; Bayraktar, A.; Sevim, B.
In this paper, ambient and forced vibration tests of a box girder laboratory con-crete bridge model are described to obtain experimental dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios. The bridge deck consists of a main span of 3m and two side span of 1.5m each. The total bridge length is 6m and width of bridge is 0.60m. Heights of the bridge column and bridge deck are 0.80m and 0.30m, respectively. In the forced vibration tests, excitation of the bridge model is induced by an impact hammer. The ambient vibration tests are conducted under natural excitation such as wind and small impact effects. The Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition method in the frequency domain and the Sto-chastic Subspace Identification method in the time domain are used to extract the dynamic characteristics. At the end of the study, dynamic characteristics obtained from ambient and force vibration tests are compared with each other. It is seen that there is a good agreement be-tween both results and they are nearly closed to each other.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011In vitro inhibition of α-carbonic anhydrase isozymes by some phenolic compounds
Öztürk Sarikaya, Sevim Beyza; Topal, Fevzi; Şentürk, Murat; Gülin, Ihami; Supuran, Claudiu T.
Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) are a class of pharmaceuticals used as antiglaucoma agents, diuretics, antiepileptics, in the management of mountain sickness, gastric and duodenal ulcers, neurological disorders or osteoporosis. We report here the inhibitory capacities of some phenolic compounds against three human CA isozymes (hCA I, hCA II, and hCA VI) and the gill carbonic anhydrase of the teleost fish Dicentrarchus labrax (European seabass) (dCA). The isozymes showed quite diverse inhibition profiles with these compounds. These data may lead to design novel CAIs with a diverse inhibition mechanism compared to sulfonamide/sulfamate inhibitors.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Total electricity and hydroelectric energy generation in Turkey: Projection and comparison
Akpinar, A.; Kömürcu, M.I.; Özölçer, I.H.; Şenol, A.
The main goal of this study is to forecast total electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation using historical electricity energy production data in order to determine the future level of electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation in Turkey. For this purpose, Turkey's electricity energy sector was reviewed during the period of 1940-2005. The total electricity and hydroelectricity energy generation were then modelled using historical energy generation data as years with regression analysis. Additionally, the portion that hydroelectric energy generation of Turkey has within total electricity energy production and probable meeting capacity of Turkey's hydroelectric potential of its future total demand was determined. According to the results, it is deduced that hydropower energy will have portion of 13.6% within the total electricity energy generation in 2030. In addition, it is concluded that the whole of Turkey's technical and economical hydroelectric energy potential that is equal 129.9 billion kWh will be used in the year of 2102 if the current trend continues.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Investigation of water length effects on the modal behavior of a prototype arch dam using operational and analytical modal analyses
Sevim, Bariş; Bayraktar, Alemdar; Can Altunişik, Ahmet
This study determines the water length effects on the modal behavior of a prototype arch dam using Operational and Analytical Modal Analyses. Achievement of this purpose involves construction of a prototype arch dam-reservoir- foundation model under laboratory conditions. In the model, reservoir length was taken to be as much as three times the dam height. To determine the experimental dynamic characteristics of the arch dam using Operational Modal Analysis, ambient vibration tests were implemented for empty reservoir and three different reservoir water lengths. In the ambient vibration tests, the dam was vibrated by natural excitations provided from small impact effects and the response signals were measured using sensitive accelerometers. Operational Modal Analysis software process signals collected from the ambient vibration tests, and Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition and Stochastic Subspace Identification techniques estimated modal parameters of the dams. To validate the experimental results, 3D finite element model of the prototype arch dam was modeled by ANSYS software for empty reservoir and three different reservoir water lengths, and dynamic characteristics of each model were determined analytically. At the end of the study, experimentally and analytically identified dynamic characteristics compared to each other. Also, changes on the natural frequencies along to water length are plotted as graphs. Results suggest that reservoir water complicates the modal behavior of the arch dam significantly.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011A logic simplification based on expert system application for TBC diagnosis
Sümbül, Harun; Başçiftçi, Fatih; Lin, JC; Nikita, KS
Tuberculosis (TBC), caused by the bacterium My tuberculosis (Mtb), is a growing international health crisis [1]. TBC is one of the main causes of death produced by infectious illness and is responsible for almost 3 millions deaths every year [2]. In this study, a controlled Expert System (ES) have designed to diagnosis of TBC and truth table have created by considering the probabilities of TBC (12 symptom, 212=4096 different cases). According to the probabilities of TBC, 6 different cases have accepted as output values and reduced rule bases have obtained. These output values have been processed by an ES and have tried to diagnosis of TBC with help to ES. We obtained very good results and the results of analyses carried out indicated that controls performed with ES provide less time, less probability, reliable and consistent diagnosis and that are feasible in real life.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011The effects of some organic and chemical fertilizer applications on yield, morphology, quality and mineral content of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.)
Yolcu, Halil
A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of some organic and chemical fertilizers on morphological, yield and quality properties and mineral contents of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) between 2007 and 2008 in Gümüşhane, Turkey. Treatments were control (no fertilizer), liquid manure (LM = 51-52 L ha -1N), chemical fertilizer (CF = 30 kg N ha -1+ 80-100 kg P 2O 5ha -1), three leonardite doses (L 1= 2.8; L 2= 5.6 and L 3= 8.4 kg N ha -1), three zeolite doses (Z 1= 0.4; Z 2= 0.8 and Z 3= 1.2 N kg ha -1) and three solid cattle manure doses (SM 1= 34-35 kg N ha -1, SM 2= 68-70 kg N ha -1, SM 3= 102-105 kg N ha -1). Dry hay yield (DHY), leaf weight, stem weight, plant height, leaf number, crude protein content (CP), crude protein yield (CPY), acid detergent fiber (ADF), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), Ca, Fe, K, Mg, B, Cu, Mn, Na, Ni, P, Pb, S and Zn contents were determined. Organic and chemical fertilizer applications had significant effect (P<0.01) on DHY, leaf weight, stem weight, CP, CPY and mineral contents except leaf number, ADF and NDF in the both years. The plant height were significantly (P<0.05) affected by the treatments in the first year. The SM 2application in the first year and control and LM applications in the second year resulted to obtain improved yield components and crude protein yield. Z 2and Z 3applications also loomed large in terms of mineral contents.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2011The love of money is the root of all evil: Pay satisfaction and cpi as moderators
Tang, Thomas Li-Ping; Sutarso, Toto; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Lim, Vivien Kim Geok; Teo, Thompson Sian Hin; Arias-Galicia, Fernando; Garber, Ilya; Vlerick, Peter; Liang, Jian; Akande, Adebowale
By incorporating pay satisfaction at Level 1 and Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) at Level 2, we investigated the relationship between the love of money and self-reported corrupt intent among 6,382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents. Our significant cross-level three-way interaction effect showed that for managers with high pay satisfaction, the intensity (slope) of the love of money to corrupt intent relationship was almost identical in high or low CPI entities but the former had the lowest magnitude of corrupt intent, whereas the latter had the highest. For those with low pay satisfaction, the slope was the steepest in high CPI entities, but was flat in the low CPI entities and the difference between the two was significant.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Aromatisation in adducts of a-terpinene: Influence of hindered internal Rotations
Kaya, Afşin Ahmet; Şengül, Mehmet Emin; Menzek, Abdullah; Kayaardi, Ibrahim; Karakuş, Murat; Şahin, Ertan
Each adduct of α-terpinene with p-quinone and 1,4-naphthoquinone in Ac2O/Et3N at 180 °C gives two aromatic products, one of which had a distinctive smell formed by the loss of an ethylene group. Here, we report the crystal structure of (1RS, 4RS)-1-isopropyl-4-methyl-1,4-dihydro- 1,4-ethanoanthracene-9,10-diyl diacetate. It is crystallised in an orthorhombic space group, Pbca, with cell dimensions a = 10.2899(7), b = 19.7804(9), c = 19.7519(8) Å and Z = 8. According to its NMR and X-ray diffraction data, the isopropyl and acetate groups slowly rotate.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2011The effect of material properties on the seismic performance of Arch Dams
Sevim, B.
The paper investigates the effect of material properties on the seismic performance of arch dam-reservoir-foundation interaction systems based on the Lagrangian approach using demand-capacity ratios. Type-5 arch dam is selected as a numerical application. The linear time history analyses of the arch dam-reservoir-foundation interaction system are carried out for different material properties. The foundation is taken into account as massless; behaviour of the reservoir is assumed to be linearly elastic, inviscid and irrotational. The north-south component of the Erzincan earthquake in 1992 is chosen as a ground motion. Dynamic equations of motions obtained from 3-D finite element modelling of the coupled system are solved by using the Newmark integration algorithm. The damage levels of the coupled system for the different material properties are demonstrated by using demand-capacity ratios and cumulative inelastic durations. The time histories and maximum values of the displacements and principal stresses, and performance curves, are obtained from linear analyses. It is clearly seen from the study that the different material properties affect the seismic behaviour of the dam.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Restructuring of Turkey's electricity market and the share of hydropower energy: The case of the Eastern Black Sea Basin
Uzlu, Ergun; Akpinar, Adem; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan
This paper presents the historical development of Turkey's electricity power sector, the efforts for introducing competition in the power industry in Turkey, and the concerns regarding restructuring in Turkey. The contribution of the hydropower energy potential in Turkey to the reconstruction of the electricity structure in Turkey is also investigated. Then, among the 25 hydrological basins in Turkey, the Eastern Black Sea Basin located in the northeast of Turkey, which has great advantages from the view point of small hydropower potential or hydropower potential without storage, is chosen as the case study to carry out some investigations concerning its potential and to analyze the contribution of the private sector (the corporate body) in regard to the development of hydro potential in this basin within the scope of the 4628 Electricity Market Law. With this law, concerning the restructuring of the electricity market, private sector investments in this segment have increased. In total, 1524 hydroelectric power projects with 22 360 MW installed capacity has been implemented until January 22nd, 2009 and this figure is continuously rising.
- BildiriYalnız künye2011Operational modal testing of an arch type steel highway bridge using SSI technique
Altunişik, A.C.; Bayraktar, A.; Sevim, B.
The paper determines the dynamic characteristics of an arch type steel highway bridge applying ambient vibration testing. A modern steel highway bridge which has arch type structural system with 216m total length and located in the Ayvacik county of Samsun, Turkey is selected as an application. Because of the fact that the bridge connects the villages which are separated with Suat Ugurlu Dam Lake, it has a major logistical importance for this region. The construction of the bridge completed in 2009 and opened the traffic. The experimental meas-urements are carried out by ambient vibration tests under traffic loads. Vibration data are gath-ered from the bridge deck. Measurement time, frequency span and effective mode number are determined considering similar studies in the literature and initial finite element analysis re-sults. Stochastic Subspace Identification technique (SSI) in the time domain are used for the output only modal identification and dynamic characteristics such as natural frequencies, mode shapes and damping ratios are determined, experimentally.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2011Analysis of support requirements for a tunnel portal in weak rock: A case study from Turkey
Kaya, Ayberk; Bulut, Fikri; Alemdaǧ, Selçuk; Sayin, Aytuna
In this paper, engineering geological properties of the entrance portal section of Konakönü Tunnel, located on Black Sea Coastal Highway, Turkey, is studied. Moderately weathered basaltic and andesitic tuffs orderly to be driven by the entrance portal section. Tunnel portal design in weak rock presents some special challenges to the designers, since misjudgements in the design of tunnel can lead to very costly failures. The entrance portal was analyzed by empirical and numerical methods. Both field and laboratory studies were carried out during this study. Field studies involved geological mapping, detailed discontinuity surveying and sampling. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the physico-mechanical and elastical properties of rock units. For this purpose, tunnel stability analyses were performed at the entrance portal section. The RMR (rock mass rating), Q (rock mass quality), RMi (rock mass index), NATM (new Austrian tunnelling method) and GSI (geological strength index) systems were employed for empirical rock mass quality determination and preliminary tunnel portal support design. The parameters calculated by the empirical methods were used as input parameters for the FEM (finite element method) analysis. The results from the two methods were compared and preliminary support designs were carried out. This comparison suggests that for more reliable support design, empirical and finite element methods should be combined.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011The effect of fin pitch on heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in the entrance region of a finned concentric passage
Kuvvet, Kemal; Yavuz, Tahir
In this study, the heat transfer and fluid flow characteristics in the unfinned and internally finned concentric passage (smooth and finned annulus) are investigated experimentally. The turbulence characteristics, mean flow, pressure drop and heat-transfer parameters in the entrance region of a concentric passage of diameter ratio 0.2 are measured. The hot-wire anemometer and the liquid-crystal technique are used for the turbulence and mean flow and the heat transfer measurements, respectively. The finned passage is designed as the fin width (W) of 2 mm, the fin height (H) of 2, 4, 6 and 8 mm and the fin pitch (P) of 20, 30 and 40 mm. Reynolds number ranges from 1.8 .104 to 1.24.105 and from 1.65.104 to 7.65.104 for flow and pressure drop and heat transfer measurements, respectively. Experiments are performed for the smooth and finned concentric passages by varying flow and fin parameters and the effects of the fin pitch are investigated. The developing of fluid flow is analyzed and the variation of turbulence intensity, friction factors, local and mean convective heat transfer coefficients in the smooth and finned concentric passages are obtained. Results obtained in the finned concentric passages are compared with the results of the smooth passage. For the average Nusselt numbers and friction factor, empirical equations are developed. As a result, it is seen that the friction factor in the finned passage increases between 3.61 and 18.05 times while the average Nusselt number augments between 1.36 and 5.23 times on the inner surface and between 1.03 and 1.80 times on the outer surface.