Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Araz, Onur(15)
- Ozturk, Samet(14)
- Ozyurt, E.(9)
- Turk, Veysel(9)
- Reis, Hatice Catal(7)
- Beder, Murat(6)
- Erdogdu, Ferruh(6)
- Peker, Iskender(6)
- Erol, Ismail(5)
- Kaygusuz, Abdullah(5)
- Ozturk, Kasif Furkan(5)
- Wang, Y.C.(5)
- Akpinar, Adem(4)
- Akçay, Serhatcan Berk(4)
- Coskun, Eda(4)
- Kankal, Murat(4)
- Kaya, Selim(4)
- Liu, Shuxiang(4)
- Ozden, Talat(4)
- Seferoğlu, Mehmet Tevfik(4)
- Varol, Temel(4)
- Öztürk, Serkan(4)
- Akinoglu, Bulent G.(3)
- Alemdag, Selcuk(3)
- Arslan, Mehmet(3)
- Cakir, Tufan(3)
- Gurocak, Zulfu(3)
- Gücer, Mehmet Ali(3)
- Günen, Mehmet Akif(3)
- Kaya, Ali(3)
- Mert, Behic(3)
- Mızrak, Sefa(3)
- Saydam Eker, Çiğdem(3)
- Tasci, Caner(3)
- Çelik, Necati(3)
- Ünlü, Ramazan(3)
- Şan, Murat(3)
- Akpinar, A.(2)
- Akpinar, Merve(2)
- Aksa, Hüseyin Can(2)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Origin and tectonic setting of the carbonate-hosted Kopuz Fe skarn Deposit, Sakarya Zone, NE Türkiye
Sipahi, Ferkan; Akpınar, İbrahim; Gücer, Mehmet Ali; Kaygusuz, Abdullah; Vural, Alaaddin; Saydam Eker, Çiğdem
The Kopuz Fe skarn deposit in the eastern Sakarya Zone is genetically associated with the 44–45 Ma Kopuz granitoid. The Fe ores are hosted within the contact zone between this granitoid and Jurassic Lower Cretaceous limestone. The deposit is characterized by both endo- and exoskarn zones, which exhibit a diverse range of minerals including clinopyroxene, plagioclase, amphibole, biotite, garnet, epidote, phlogopite, magnetite, hematite, pyrite, quartz, calcite, actinolite, limonite, and goethite. Magnetite and hematite, accompanied by small amounts of pyrite, are primarily ore minerals. Pyroxene types observed in the mineralization include diopsidic hedenbergite in the endoskarn zone and diopside in the exoskarn zone. Plagioclase in the endoskarn zone vary from oligoclase to Labrador in composition, which transition towards Na-rich plagioclase and orthoclase in the ore-bearing exoskarn zone. Amphiboles, primarily calcic in nature, are classified as Mg-hornblende and actinolite, with low F and Cl contents, indicating minimal F enrichment during Fe-skarn formation. Garnet is characterized by andradite in the exoskarn zone close to the endoskarn and grossular-andradite in the distal exoskarn zone. The increase of Ad/Gr ratios in zoned garnet indicate an increasing ƒO2 value outward from it. Considering that rare pyrite occur together with magnetite and hematite, we suggest that the deposit formed under conditions of low ƒS2 and high ƒO2 conditions. The homogenization temperature and salinity of the fluid inclusions in quartz from the exoskarn zone vary from 224 °C to 349 °C and 4.18 % (wt% NaCl equiv.), respectively. The oxygen isotope composition (5.10 ‰ to 7.86 ‰) of the fluids in equilibrium with magnetite and quartz minerals in the exoskarn zone supports a magmatic fluid origin. The oxygen isotopic signatures of epidote and amphibole further indicate a minor interaction with an additional source, likely meteoric waters. The sulfur isotope composition of pyrite (2.3 ‰) is consistent with a magmatic sulfur source. In summary, the middle Eocene-aged Kopuz Fe skarn deposit occurred a shallow depth within a magmatic arc, where oxidized conditions predominated.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Effect of mechanical milling parameters on the properties of electrolytic pure copper powders and hot pressed billets fabricated from recycled copper wastes
Akçay, Serhatcan Berk; Çuvalcı, Oğuzhan; Varol, Temel; Çuvalcı, Hamdullah; Kocaman, Mücahit; Alver, Ümit; Beder, Murat; Güler, Onur; Aksa, Hüseyin Can; Gasha, Shimelis Bihon
This study was conducted to comprehensively investigate the effect of mechanical milling parameters on the properties of electrolytic pure copper powders and hot pressed billets fabricated from recycled copper wastes. Three different milling speeds, five different milling times and three different ball to powder weight ratios were used to fully reveal the effect of the mechanical milling process on the properties of recovered Cu powders. The results show that as the milling time and milling speed increased, the initial dendritic morphology of the copper was transformed into a flake-like structure. At 400 rpm and a 5:1 BPR parameters, the average particle sizes of C3, C4, and C5 after 2, 4, and 8h were ∼52 μm, 83 μm, and 71 μm, respectively. This suggests that particle size initially increases due to shape change and cold-welding, but at longer durations, fracture becomes dominant. The I5 with d(0.5) = 69.32 μm exhibited a high flow rate of 5.88 g/s with an apparent density of 2.9 g/cm3.While the hardness value of the Cu samples (A1-bulk sample) produced by exposure to the lowest deformation during the mechanical milling is 95.02 HB, the hardness value of the Cu specimens (F5-bulk sample) showing the highest apparent density, best flow rate and highest density values is 109.31 HB. The electrical conductivity values were determined to be approximately 52.2 MS/m, 57.4 MS/m and 44.3 MS/m for A1-bulk, F5-bulk and H5-bulk, respectively. This study offers valuable insights into the relationship between milling parameters, powder characteristics, and final material properties.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Optimal design of inerter-assisted series tuned mass dampers for seismic vibration control of multi-story buildings
Araz, Onur
This work introduces a framework for the optimal design of inerter-assisted series tuned mass dampers (STMDI) placed at the top story of a multi-story building under ground motion and performs comparative research to assess its effectiveness against conventional TMDI. The identical inertance ratio and total mass ratio are taken into consideration for the optimization of both control systems. In the frequency-domain analysis, the five design variables of the STMDI are optimized based on the minimization of the peak amplitude of the displacement transfer function at the top story of the building using the genetic algorithm (GA). The optimized variables are damping ratios (ξ1and ξ2), tuning frequency ratios (f1and f2), and mass ratio of the first to second TMD mass (µh). The proposed control system is applied to a 4-story, an 8-story, and a 16-story case-studies, and the optimal parameters are verified using eighty-five historical benchmark earthquakes in time domain analysis. These records are divided into three different groups according to their frequency content, i.e. PGA/PGV ratio: high, intermediate, and low. The results demonstrate that the STMDI performs better than the TMDI at the same mass and inertance ratio, especially at excitation frequencies close to resonance. The most important advantage of STMDI compared to TMDI is that it provides this performance in a wider frequency range and in an almost similar way. Finally, the seismic performances of STMDI and TMDI are compared considering ground motions with different frequency content.
- MakaleYalnız künye2025Effect of frequency content of ground motion on seismic response of buildings with variable aspect ratio including soil-structure interaction
Kaya, Dilek; Cakir, Tufan; Ozturk, Kasif Furkan; Araz, Onur
Soil-structure interaction (SSI) may lead to reduction, amplification or negligible change in structural responses depending on the relationship between the nature of excitations and subsoil conditions. Since neglecting SSI effects may cause uncertainties in seismic design, it is crucial to consider them during the design process. Another important factor affecting the dynamic behavior of structures interacting with the ground is the dynamic properties of the structures. To consider this effect, three buildings with 4, 8, and 12 stories designed in accordance with the Turkish Building Earthquake Code (TBEC-2018) are analyzed. The aspect ratios of these structures are 2, 4, and 6, corresponding to squat, ordinary, and slender structures, respectively. The primary objective of this study is to simulate the combined effects of these key parameters on the dynamic response of reinforced concrete structures. In the time history analyses, six ground motions classified by three different frequency contents are considered. 3D finite element models of SSI systems are established using ANSYS software. The usability of the numerical models is demonstrated for both SSI and fixed-base cases through three different analytical approaches. The displacement, acceleration, and stress responses are examined through time history analyses. The results indicate that the SSI is not negligible and neglecting the SSI is an oversimplification that does not lead to always-conservative predictions. Moreover, both the frequency content of the excitation and the structural aspect ratio are found to be decisive parameters in seismic response.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Sentiment analysis of financial Twitter posts on Twitter with the machine learning classifiers
Cam, Handan; Cam, Alper Veli; Demirel, Ugur; Ahmed, Sana
This paper presents a sentiment analysis combining the lexicon-based and machine learning (ML)-based approaches in Turkish to investigate the public mood for the prediction of stock market behavior in BIST30, Borsa Istanbul. Our main motivation behind this study is to apply sentiment analysis to financial-related tweets in Turkish. We import 17189 tweets posted as "#Borsaistanbul, #Bist, #Bist30, #Bist100″ on Twitter between November 7, 2022, and November 15, 2022, via a MAXQDA 2020, a qualitative data analysis program. For the lexicon-based side, we use a multilingual sentiment offered by the Orange program to label the polarities of the 17189 samples as positive, negative, and neutral labels. Neutral labels are discarded for the machine learning experiments. For the machine learning side, we select 9076 data as positive and negative to implement the classification problem with six different supervised machine learning classifiers conducted in Python 3.6 with the sklearn library. In experiments, 80 % of the selected data is used for the training phase and the rest is used for the testing and validation phase. Results of the experiments show that the Support Vector Machine and Multilayer Perceptron classifier perform better than other classifiers with 0.89 and 0.88 accuracy and AUC values of 0.8729 and 0.8647 respectively. Other classifiers obtain approximately a 78,5 % accuracy rate. It is possible to increase sentiment analysis accuracy with parameter optimization on a larger, cleaner, and more balanced dataset by changing the pre-processing steps. This work can be expanded in the future to develop better sentiment analysis using deep learning approaches.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Deep eutectic solvent as plasticizing agent for the zein based films
Yilmaz, Mustafa Tahsin; Kul, Ebubekir; Saricaoglu, Furkan Turker; Odabas, Halil Ibrahim; Taylan, Osman; Dertli, Enes
This study explores, the impacts of incorporating of deep eutectic solvent (DES) as plasticizer on the characteristics of zein films. Investigation focused on examining the mechanical, thermal, surface, and microstructural properties of zein films that were plasticized using DES. The findings of the study revealed that by adding DES to zein films, there was an observed improvement in transparency. Additionally, it was observed that up to a 20% addition of DES led to a reduction in water vapor permeability (WVP). However, beyond this level, the WVP increased as the surface hydrophobicity decreased. The films that were plasticized with DES showed higher tensile and burst strength values than control. However, there was a decrease in the elongation at break and burst distance, except for the film containing 30% DES. The addition of DES as plasticizer resulted in smoother surface morphology compared to the control, and all films revealed homogeneous and non-porous surface and cross-section microstructure. The films plasticized with DES displayed three different thermal degradation temperatures resulting in higher thermal stability. The FT-IR spectrum of films showed similar backbone structure including Amide I, II and III bands. However, 5% DES plasticized film showed different secondary structural peaks of Amide I band due to lower α-helix and higher β-sheet and random coil content. The findings of this investigation indicate that the employment of DES as plasticizer in biodegradable polymer films can yield enhanced mechanical and barrier characteristics compared to conventional plasticizers, thus demonstrating its potential for effective use.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Investigation of dynamic responses of three-sided underpass culvert under near-fault and far-fault ground motions considering soil-structure interaction
Ozturk, Kasif Furkan
Three-sided underpass culverts are structural systems used to provide passing vehicle or pedestrian. It is of great importance that such infrastructure systems remain useable, especially after disasters such as earthquakes that can cause great destruction, in order to ensure that infrastructure services can be maintained continuously. In this context, the aim of this study is to investigate using finite element method (FEM) the dynamic responses of three-sided underpass culvert system under near-fault ground motions with velocity pulse and far-fault ground motions. For this aim, the modal analysis of the soil-underpass culvert interaction system has been realized using proposed soil-structure interaction (SSI) model. The frequencies of the interaction system obtained from the finite element model developed using proposed approaches have been verified comparing with the results obtained from the literature and the site periods. After showing that the modes of the interaction system can be obtained with the help of the proposed numerical model, the full transient dynamic analyses have been performed in the time history using five near-fault and far-fault records, considering four different soil systems. The comparisons shows that the variations of the soil systems and the ground motion type can significantly affect the top peak relative displacements and the dynamic stresses of the three-sided underpass culvert.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Hysteretic behaviour of square-hollow-section T- and X-joints with in-plane bending moment
Ozyurt, E.; Gunaydin, M.
This study examined the hysteretic behaviour of Square Hollow Section (SHS) T- and X-joints subjected to cyclic in-plane bending moments. A nonlinear finite element software, Abaqus, was used to investigate SHS T- and X-joint seismic performance. Prior to the parametric study, the numerical model was validated based on the available test results in the literature. A comprehensive parametric study employed validated finite element models to evaluate the influence of critical geometric parameters, including the brace-to-chord width ratio (β) and the chord width-to-thickness ratio (γ). The results of the finite element analyses regarding ductility, flexural strength, and energy dissipation behaviour of SHS T- and X-joints under quasi-static cyclic in-plane bending were evaluated. Based on the hysteretic curves, increasing β generally leaded to higher initial stiffness and moment capacity in SHS joints, considerably reducing joint rotation. Conversely, the joints with larger γ exhibited reduced initial stiffness and moment capacity. Besides, the Eurocode 3 EN1993-1-8 predictions for the ultimate flexural strength of the joints are found to be conservative compared to finite element results. The results also revealed that the SHS T- and X-joints showed satisfactory ductility levels under in-plane bending load. It was observed that the SHS T- and X-joints with high β and low γ are advantageous for absorbing energy under seismic loads. These findings offered valuable insights for the seismic-resistant design of structures incorporating SHS joints, aiding in selecting optimal configurations based on specific performance requirements.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Investigating the impact of discretization techniques on real-time digital control of DC-DC boost converters: A comprehensive analysis
Yanarateş, Cağfer; Zhou, Zhongfu; Altan, Aytaç
This paper provides a thorough comparative analysis of discretization techniques commonly utilized in digital control applications for DC-DC boost converters (DBCs). Given the crucial role of DC-DC converters in various industries such as renewable energy systems, electric vehicles, and portable electronic devices, it is imperative to optimize their performance through efficient digital control. This study aims to improve the understanding of the effects of discretization methods on control system behaviour. It investigates their impact on the performance, stability and accuracy of control algorithms in the context of DBC, using dSPACE real-time interface (RTI) and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) simulation for validation. This approach replicates real-world conditions, allowing performance to be evaluated in a controlled environment. The analysis examines behaviour in the time and frequency domains, providing insight into the strengths and weaknesses of each method. Experimental validation using MATLAB/Simulink/Stateflow on dSPACE RTI 1007 processor, DS2004 high-speed A/D and CP4002 timing and digital I/O boards ensures that the comparative analysis provides practical benefits for DBC digital control applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Impact of high Al2O3 content on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear behavior Al–Cu–Mg/Al2O3 composites prepared by mechanical milling
Beder, Murat; Varol, Temel; Akçay, Serhatcan Berk
Metal matrix composites are increasingly being recognized as new wear-resistant materials. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the microstructure, mechanical properties, and wear resistance of Al–Cu–Mg alloy matrix composites reinforced with high contents of Al2O3 particles. Moreover, the effects of 10, 20, and 40 wt% Al2O3 contents on the microstructure, mechanical properties, and dry wear resistance of the Al–Cu–Mg matrix composites are studied. The results show that the θ (CuAl2) phase ratio increases with increasing Al2O3 contents. The hardness values of the samples also increase with increasing Al2O3 contents. The highest tensile and flexural strengths are measured as 284 and 562.9 MPa, respectively, and these values are obtained for the composite material reinforced with 10 wt% Al2O3 particles. The continuous increase in the hardness of the samples with increasing Al2O3 content may cause the lowest volume loss for the 40 wt% Al2O3-reinforced composite. The friction surfaces show that the wear surfaces comprise adhesion, delamination, and smear layers. Overall, compared to the Al2O3-reinforced composite samples, pure Al–Cu–Mg alloy samples show approximately 2 times more mass gain.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Assessment of the antioxidant and ACE-inhibitory activities and some quality characteristics of Kaşar cheese produced by probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus
Gürmeriç, Hüseyin Ender; Şengül, Mustafa; Erkaya-Kotan, Tuba
In this study, four types of Kaşar cheese were produced using raw milk (C), starter culture (Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus delbrueckii ssp. bulgaricus) (S), starter culture + probiotic Lactobacillus acidophilus ATCC 4356 (SLA), and probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 (LA) were produced and ripened at 6 ± 2 °C for 150 days. The physicochemical, microbiological, proteolysis, electrophoretic (Urea-PAGE), ACE-inhibitory, and antioxidant activity analyses of vacuum-packed Kaşar cheeses were performed on 5, 30, 60, 90, 120, and 150 days of ripening. During ripening, no significant differences (p > 0.05) were detected in total solids, fat, and protein values of Kaşar cheeses. Titratable acidity, water-soluble nitrogen (WSN), ripening index (RI), and electrophoresis results of cheese samples showed an increase while pH values decreased. Also, the degradation products of αs1-casein were higher than those of β-casein. The number of probiotic L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 after scalding decreased by an average of 1.57 log cfu/g. However, probiotic bacteria count increased during ripening and maintained their viability. The addition of L. acidophilus ATCC 4356 improved the bioactivity, electrophoresis, titratable acidity, and ripening index results of Kaşar cheese. ACE-inhibitory activity of Kaşar cheeses increased during ripening and had the highest value on the 150th day of ripening. Furthermore, antioxidant activity of Kaşar cheeses increased on the 60th day of ripening and then decreased. Consequently, the combination of probiotic bacteria and starter culture had a positive effect on the physicochemical, microbiological, and proteolytic properties of Kaşar cheese.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Transit warehouse location selection by IF AHP- TOPSIS integrated methods for disaster logistics: A case study of Turkey
Yesilcayir, Nigar; Ayvazoglu, Gulsah; Celik, Sefa; Peker, Iskender
Disasters; like earthquakes, fires, floods, wars, etc., are totally undesired events because they can cause unforeseen enormous physical, economic and social losses. In this respect, disaster logistics is crucial in providing fast and effective humanitarian aid at the lowest cost and with no profit motive in case of these unpredictable events. There are many supporting elements to achieve this goal and one of them is building transit warehouses. The aim of this study is to select the most suitable transit warehouse location in the Province of Hatay, Turkey. The weights of the criteria are determined by Intuitionistic Fuzzy AHP and the alternatives are ranked by Intuitionistic Fuzzy TOPSIS. The results show that “Emergency Cases and Natural Disaster” is the most important criterion and Alternative 3 (Kırıkhan) is the best location for the transit warehouse.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Central composite design modelling and developing a method for removing sulphate from an alunitic kaolin ore
Erkan, İlker; Inal, Serkan; Alp, İbrahim
The main mineral in kaolin ore, kaolinite, is well-known for its many uses in the paint, paper, and ceramics industries. The necessity of getting pure kaolinite is discussed in this work, with an emphasis on the extraction of impurities from kaolin. Specifically, alunitic kaolin, which is common in northwest Turkey, has sulfur concentrations higher than 3 % SO3, which means that it can't be used for many industrial purposes. Leaching is a popular method for removing sulfur, especially when done directly and through pre-treatment techniques like roasting. High-temperature roasting, however, presents difficulties since it causes phase transformation on kaolinite to metakaolin and mullite and on alunite to alum. The temperature of phase transformation is important on high temperature studies which affects negatively the thixotropic qualities that are essential for the production of ceramics. This study introduces a novel approach by optimizing roasting conditions and employing a central composite design methodology for leaching. The optimal parameters for the roasting studies were determined to be 525 °C for 3 h. For leaching, the ideal conditions were identified using the leaching recovery equation, which specifies 0.195 M NaOH, 80 °C, 127 min, and a 2.55 % solid content. These characteristics were confirmed by follow-up experiments, which showed a change in SO42− concentration from 3.03 % to 2.97 %, along with some structural changes in the roasted sample. The subsequent leaching process resulted in a significant drop in SO42− concentration to 0.46 %. By highlighting the effectiveness of lower-temperature roasting and optimizing experimental methodology, this research presents a novel thermochemical method for sulfur removal in alunitic kaolin.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Thermal resistance of Listeria monocytogenes, Escherichia coli O157:H7 and Salmonella in animal fat – Kinetic analysis and mathematical modeling
Ozturk, Samet; Huang, Lihan; Hwang, Cheng-An; Sheen, Shiowshuh
The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of fat on thermal resistance of L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp. A 4-strain cocktail of each microorganism was inoculated to beef tallow and heated isothermally at temperatures between 55 and 80℃. All survival curves did not follow the 1st-order inactivation kinetics but conformed to a two-stage linear pattern. The first stage was markedly less heat-resistant than the second, as manifested by significantly lower D values. The z values of E. coli O157 H7 and Salmonella spp. were 11.8 °C and 12.3 °C in the first stage (z1) but increased to 23.7 °C and 20.8 °C in the second stage (z2), respectively. For L. monocytogenes, while the z values were similar for both stages (z1 = 19.6 °C and z2 = 18.5 °C), the second stage D values are 3.6–5.9 times of those in the first stage. One-step analysis was used to fit the nonlinear curves to the Weibull model, yielding < 1 exponents for the model (0.495, 0.362, and 0.282, respectively, for L. monocytogenes, E. coli O157:H7, and Salmonella spp.), suggesting gradually increased thermal resistance during heating. The experimental results showed that these microorganisms could resist heating for longer time and at higher temperatures in tallow than they do in regular meats containing lower levels of fat. The kinetic models can be used to develop thermal processes to properly inactivate pathogens contaminated in the fat portions of meat products or other high fat products.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Improving radio frequency heating uniformity in peanuts: Effects of packaging geometry, electrode gap, particle size and interlayer displacement process
Tasci, Caner; Liu, Shuxiang; Erdogdu, Ferruh; Ozturk, Samet
This study aimed to assess the impact of various processing parameters including electrode gap, packaging geometry, and particle size on the heating efficiency of radio frequency (RF) processing for peanut thermal decontamination. In addition, interlayer displacements were presented to evaluate the effect of the mixing on heating uniformity. Experimental studies were carried out using 3D-printed polylactic acid (PLA) containers (square, rectangular, and cylindrical) to place the peanut samples with particle sizes ranging from 0.71 to 2.00 mm at 100–140 mm electrode gaps. Temperature changes within the samples were monitored using fiber optic sensors and surface temperature distributions were determined with an infrared camera. Heating uniformity index (λ) was then calculated to assess the effects of RF processing conditions on RF heating uniformity. Results showed that the cylindrical container exhibited a more consistent and uniform heating profile (λ = 0.12) with 1.58 °C min−1 heating rate compared to other containers, and a single interlayer displacement between top and bottom layers further improved temperature distribution uniformity. Smaller particle sizes also led to faster heating rates from 1.71 to 1.55 °C min−1 with more uniform heating due to the reduced porosity within the particles with increased thermal conduction and electromagnetic energy absorption. This study presented valuable insights for developing an effective RF process as an alternative to conventional thermal treatments for decontamination of low-moisture, high-fat particulate foods. Industrial significance: This research presented an innovative approach applying RF heating for a possible decontamination process for peanut samples. The research tackled the growing worldwide consumer demand for food products to satisfy food safety regulations while peanuts were selected to demonstrate the process effect due to the recent food safety issues in peanut butter considering that a pre-process for decontamination would lead to a decrease in the resulting safety issues.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Uncovering the determinants of bottom-up CO2 emissions among households in Türkiye: Analysis and policy recommendations
Coruh, Emine; Bilgic, Abdulbaki; Cengiz, Vedat; Urak, Faruk
Amid escalating global concerns surrounding climate change, the transportation sector has garnered the attention of stakeholders. Double-hurdle censored models were employed in this study to elucidate the relationship between the probability of private fuel expenditure and expenditure levels and household characteristics to determine the factors contributing to household-based CO2 emissions. Remarkably, nearly two-thirds of the 38 factors examined contributed to the emitters, and almost all emitters were identified as statistically significant. This alarming situation underscores the importance of formulating family based green transformation policies. If successful, these policies can ignite transformative momentum. Consequently, understanding household transportation expenditure from a bottom-up perspective can provide invaluable insights into crafting a comprehensive set of top-line policy recommendations for innovation and marketing strategies in the transport and energy sectors. Measures such as incentivizing the adoption of electric vehicles through economic incentives, expanding public transportation networks, and implementing sustainable housing policies have immense potential to effectively reduce private fuel expenditure. When implemented holistically, these strategies can pave the way for a more sustainable and environmentally friendly future.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Fusion of transformer attention and CNN features for skin cancer detection
Reis, Hatice Catal; Turk, Veysel
Melanoma is a skin cancer that spreads quickly and has serious risks. Early diagnosis is essential, but since the symptoms of skin lesions in the early stages are vague and similar, they can be difficult for specialists to detect. Therefore, machine learning-based alternative diagnostic methods can be developed in addition to existing ones. This study proposes a new deep learning model, a modified lightweight vision transformer (ViT) architecture, and a hybrid framework developed with an integrated deep learning model and an Ensemble Learning (EL) model for the early-stage diagnosis of skin lesions. The proposed deep learning model was developed based on convolution layers and transformers. The model is called multi-head attention block depthwise separable convolution network (MABSCNET). The proposed hybrid framework was developed by combining modern deep learning and EL models pre-trained with the ImageNet dataset along with the MABSCNET model. In the experimental process, the effectiveness of the proposed methods was evaluated on the ISIC 2020 dataset. Additionally, additional experiments were conducted on ISIC 2018 and a Kaggle dataset to analyze the proposed hybrid framework's classification performance. Image enhancement techniques were used in the datasets. In the ISIC 2020 dataset, the MABSCNET model reached 78.63 % accuracy, the ViT model obtained 76.50 %, and the hybrid framework reached 92.74 % accuracy. Moreover, the proposed hybrid framework achieved 100 % on the ISIC 2018 dataset and 94.24 % on the Kaggle dataset.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Determination of fatty acid, cholesterol, alpha-tocopherol, and aroma components of traditionally and commercially produced Trabzon butters
Gündoğdu, Engin; Beşer, Musa
This study investigated 29 butter samples from Trabzon, Turkey. Cholesterol contents ranged from 134.13 to 325 mg/100 g, α-tocopherol contents ranged from 1.62 to 3.37 mg/100 g, and β-carotene contents ranged from 4.46 to 15.60 μg/g. Fatty acid composition analysis showed variations, with palmitic acid ranging from 26.11 % to 44.25 %, oleic acid from 19.55 % to 29.80 %, and linoleic acid from 1.63 % to 3.04 %. A total of 44 aroma components were identified. Traditional butter samples exhibited differences in aroma components and fatty acid composition compared to commercial butter. Notably, traditional butter had higher concentrations of octanoic and n-decanoic acids than commercial butter. Moreover, some aroma components such as N-butanoic acid 2-ethylhexyl ester, decanoic acid, and pentadecane were found exclusively in traditional butters. Traditional butter showed higher α-tocopherol and β-carotene contents. These findings underscore the distinct chemical profiles of traditional and commercial butter samples, influenced by production methods and possibly geographical origin.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Identification of wart treatment evaluation by using optimum ensemble based classification techniques
Balcı, Muharrem; Alkan, Ahmet
Warts caused by Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) do not disappear spontaneously with the body's natural immunity. This is due to many features of HPV, such as its weak immune effect, not entering the bloodstream and causing an immune response, and permanent infection of skin cells. HPV requires urgent treatment due to these characteristics and the fact that warts are most common on the hands and feet and are painful and disturbing. Choosing the most appropriate Cryotherapy or Immunotherapy treatment methods according to the patient's physiological characteristics is important in order to carry out the treatment process quickly. This study focuses on helping experts choose the most appropriate treatment for the most common plantar and common warts. For the selection of treatment method machine learning have been used. Bagged Tree and Subspace K-Nearest Neighbors (KNN) Ensemble classification algorithms were developed and tested on two data sets. These data sets were used to develop classification algorithms with pre- and post-treatment information of 180 patients receiving cryotherapy and immunotherapy treatments. The Subspace KNN Ensemble algorithm correctly predicted the treatment results of 88 of 90 patients receiving cryotherapy treatment, reaching 97.80% accuracy, and the Bagged Tree Ensemble algorithm correctly predicted 78 out of 90 patients receiving immunotherapy, reaching 86.7% accuracy. It has been shown that algorithms can help experts in terms of both high accuracy values and fast decision making. The algorithms proposed have not been used before, and it has also been seen that they have superior performances than similar studies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Integration of a CNN-based model and ensemble learning for detecting post-earthquake road cracks with deep features
Reis, Hatice Catal; Turk, Veysel; Karacur, Soner; Kurt, Ahmet Melih
A safe and healthy infrastructure is essential for humanity. Maintenance and repair of roads, which are of great importance, especially in transportation, is essential. Roads can sometimes be damaged due to natural disasters or human factors. In this study, roads damaged as a result of the natural disaster and the 6 February 2023 Gaziantep-Kahramanmaras earthquakes, which had devastating/fatal consequences, were studied. In recent years, the use of machine learning methods in the automatic detection process of road cracks has become widespread. Here, deep learning architectures generally based on multilayer convolutional neural networks have become a popular solution, mainly thanks to their high discrimination power in visual data. In this study, it was aimed to automatically detect cracks on the roads in Gaziantep (Nurdagi) and Adiyaman provinces after the earthquake. The data set used in the experimental process consists of two categories: uncracked and cracked, and was collected by the researchers. ResNet152 deep learning architecture, traditional machine learning algorithms, and an ensemble learning (EL) model were used to classify cracks. Among the machine learning algorithms used in the experiments are support vector machine (SVM), K-nearest neighbors, Adaptive Boosting, and Naive Bayes. In the experimental process, ResNet152 architecture was used for feature extraction, and classification was carried out with machine learning algorithms. In addition, the EL method has been used to improve the success of machine learning algorithms. According to experimental results, the SVM algorithm and EL method gave the most successful results with 98.68% accuracy values. The proposed method can benefit experts in the automatic classification of road cracks. The study can contribute to activating rapid coordination and transportation networks in natural disasters that cause fatal and destructive causes, such as earthquakes.