Gümüşhane ÜniversitesiGümüşhane ÜniversitesiAçık Erişim Arşivi · RDL Open

Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Yeniden eskiyeEskiden yeniye
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2027
    Development of flood fear scale and investigation of psychometric properties

    Torpuş, Kemal; Cengiz, Sevil

    This study aimed to develop a flood fear scale. The study was designed as a methodological and cross-sectional study. The study was conducted with 1158 participants aged 18–65 residing in Türkiye’s Black Sea Region between February 15, 2025, and May 15, 2025. SPSS 25 and Amos 21 programs were used to analyze the data. The flood fear scale consists of four dimensions and 26 items. The Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.948, and the scale explained 62.644% of the total variance. The model fit indices were χ2/ df = 3.444, RMSEA = 0.065, SRMR = 0.056, CFI = 0.921, IFI = 0.922, NFI = 0.893, and TLI = 0.912. The findings indicated that the flood fear scale provided valid and reliable for adults aged 18–65 residing in Türkiye’s Black Sea Region. The total scores obtainable from the scale range from 26 to 130, with higher scores indicating an increased level of flood fear. Scale can be used to assess flood fear in community-based disaster risk reduction efforts. It is recommended that validity and reliability studies of the scale be conducted in different cultures and geographical regions.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2027
    Design, Synthesis, and X-ray Characterization of Benzohydrazide Derivatives as Cholinesterase Inhibitors for the Treatment of Alzheimer’s Disease: An Experimental and Computational Approach to Biological Activity

    Topal, Fevzi; Ünver, Hakan; Topal, Meryem; Çevik, Ulviye Acar; Kırboğa, Kevser Kübra; Işık, Mesut; Beydemir, Şükrü

    In this study, a series of new benzohydrazide derivatives (1a-i) were synthesized, and characterized as potential cholinesterase inhibitors for use in the treatment of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The inhibitory activities of the synthesized compounds against acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) enzymes were evaluated using in vitro and in silico methods. IC50 values for AChE inhibition ranged from 29.50 to 46.21 nM, with compound 1c exhibiting the highest inhibitory potential at an IC50 of 29.50 nM. For the BChE enzyme, the strongest effect was observed with compound 1d at an IC50 of 55 nM. The synthesized derivatives exhibited higher inhibitory potential compared to the reference tacrine (IC50: 58.73 nM for AChE and 187.30 nM for BChE) against cholinesterase enzymes through both competitive and non-competitive inhibition mechanisms. Molecular docking (ΔG: -10.67 to -9.95 kcal/mol for AChE; -9.80 to -8.69 kcal/mol for BChE) and 100 ns molecular dynamics simulations supported the binding affinities and indicated the dynamic stability of the enzyme-inhibitor complexes, in agreement with the experimental inhibition data. In silico ADMET profiling indicated favourable drug-likeness and high predicted gastrointestinal absorption and blood-brain barrier permeability (TPSA 41.46-61.69 A2), and structural alert screening returned no PAINS matches. The findings suggest that these derivatives may serve as promising lead compounds for further investigation as potential cholinesterase inhibitors relevant to AD, pending experimental cytotoxicity evaluation.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Optic disc segmentation: Improved U-Net model and hyperparameter optimization with harmony search algorithm

    İncir, Ramazan; Bozkurt, Ferhat

    Vision loss negatively impacts individuals quality of life, creating a societal issue. As stated by the World Health Organization, vision loss is significant concern among health problems. Glaucoma and Diabetic Retinopathy are among the primary causes of vision impairment and loss. Early diagnosis of these diseases is crucial for guiding appropriate treatment. Optical disc segmentation plays a key role in diagnosing these diseases and helps in effectively detecting them through the analysis of retinal images. This study proposes method based on the automatic processing of fundus images to contribute to the early diagnosis of eye diseases. Improved U-Net architecture developed for optical disc segmentation is used. To enhance the models performance, the improved U-Net architecture has been strengthened with residual and custom convolution blocks. Genetic Algorithm, Particle Swarm Optimization Algorithm, Ant Colony Optimization and Harmony Search Algorithm were used for hyperparameter optimization. Comparisons showed that the Harmony Search Algorithm achieved better results, improving overall model performance and providing more accurate segmentation outcomes. The models performance has been tested on the IDRiD and DRISHTI-GS datasets. The improved architecture outperformed existing methods in the literature. Significant improvements were observed in key segmentation metrics such as IoU and Dice coefficient. In experimental studies using the IDRiD and DRISHTI-GS datasets, the proposed model achieved IoU scores of 93.65% and 95.20% and Dice scores of 96.72% and 97.54% respectively. The model was able to accurately define optical disc boundaries even in low contrast and complex images. The obtained success demonstrates the models potential as valuable tool for the early diagnosis of vision loss causing diseases.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    A comprehensive optimization framework for indoor laser-based optical wireless communication using gimbal-steered transmitters

    Başer, Oğuzhan; Küçük, Mehmet Ali; Türk, Kadir

    The growing demand for high-speed wireless communication, driven by data-intensive applications such as high-definition video streaming and augmented reality, has highlighted the limitations of the Radio Frequency (RF) spectrum. Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) has emerged as a promising complementary technology, offering wide bandwidth, license-free operation, high security, and immunity to electromagnetic interference. Among OWC transmitters, Laser Diodes (LDs) provide high modulation bandwidth and narrow divergence angles, enabling data rates of several tens of gigabits per second. However, the narrow beam of LDs requires precise Line-of-Sight (LoS) alignment, making beam steering essential. This study focuses on optimizing the positioning and orientation of gimbal- or galvo-based LD transmitters in indoor OWC systems to minimize outage probability under LoS constraints and physical obstructions. An outage probability model considering room geometry and device field-of-view angles is developed and analyzed for three scenarios within a 7 × 5 m room: an empty environment, a room with a 1 × 1 m column, and a user-occupancy-aware environment. The complex optimization problem is solved using multiple meta-heuristic algorithms, including Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), L-SHADE, and Stochastic Fractal Search with Fitness-Distance Balance (FDB-SFS). The obtained results are subsequently validated through grid search approach. The proposed approach achieves significant outage reduction, demonstrating that incorporating obstacle and user-distribution information enables efficient coverage with fewer terminals, reaching outage probabilities as low as 0.4%.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Crustal structure and major tectonic features of the South Caspian Basin: Insight from Bouguer gravity data

    Kadirov, Fakhraddin; Maden, Nafiz; Safarov, Rafig; Gahramanov, Murad

    The South Caspian Basin is characterized by high tectonic activity, which resulted in the presence of significant hydrocarbon resources that are currently being exploited. This has led to a surge in research efforts, as the basin's substantial hydrocarbon reserves, coupled with its complex tectonic history, attract considerable scientific interest. This research study aims to contribute to our understanding of the crustal structure of the South Caspian Basin. To achieve this objective, we employed geophysical techniques, with a primary focus on analyzing Bouguer gravity data, power spectrum analysis, and edge detection methods. This comprehensive approach, integrating diverse methodologies, provided substantial advancements in our understanding of the basin's geological framework, with valuable insights into the tectonic processes operating in the region. In the Absheron-Prebalkhan zone, the Moho depth was constrained to an estimated 42 km. The investigation further reveals a constriction of the area towards the east, reaching a depth of 36 km near Prebalkhan and a final depth of 39 km within Prebalkhan itself. The total horizontal gradient technique and the logistic filter were implemented on the gravity data of the study region to figure out faults, geological boundaries, and structural lineaments within the South Caspian Basin.

    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Knowledge-awareness paradox in sustainable consumption: Attitudes and intentions toward green restaurants

    Genç, Gökhan; Kızılcık, Onur; Akyürek, Suat

    This study examines the effects of general environmental awareness and knowledge on patronage intention and intention to pay more, mediated by green restaurant attitude. Data were collected from 327 participants via a survey method and analyzed using partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM), demonstrating robust measurement reliability and validity. The findings indicate that environmental awareness (value-based commitment) has a significantly stronger influence on the formation of green restaurant attitude than cognitive knowledge. Green restaurant attitude accounted for a substantial portion of the variance in patronage intention and emerged as its strongest positive predictor. This confirms that a positive attitude is a fundamental antecedent of restaurant choice. However, while the impact of positive attitude on willingness to pay more was significant, it was notably weaker than other observed relationships. This suggests that the willingness to incur additional costs for green products depends on factors extending beyond attitude alone. Furthermore, green restaurant attitude functions as a full mediator between the external variables (awareness and knowledge) and patronage intention. Consequently, green restaurants should focus marketing strategies on environmental awareness to build positive attitudes, while addressing additional factors, such as perceived value, to justify pricing policies.

    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Synthesis, characterization, and thermal-magnetic evaluation of novel triazine-derived polyamides and their metal complexes

    Çanakçı, Dilek; Sarıbıyık, Oğuz Yunus

    In this work, novel triazine-containing polyamide derivatives possessing thermal stability and magnetic properties were synthesized. The synthesis process involves two steps: first, the chlorination of adipic acid and succinic acid using thionyl chloride; and second, the amidation of triazine. As a result of these procedures, two different triazine-containing polyamides were synthesized. The synthesized polyamides formed complexes with Ag, Cu, and Zn ions to enhance their thermal stability and magnetic properties.The structures of the synthesized polyamides were elucidated primarily by FTIR analysis, focusing on distinctive bands corresponding to the carbonyl group. The molecular structures of the polyamides were confirmed using 1H NMR and 13C NMR spectroscopy. Scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) was employed to obtain information on the morphology and elemental composition of the samples. In addition, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis was performed to characterize the crystal structures, unit cell parameters, and orientations of the solid-state metal complexes. The thermal stability of both the polyamides and their metal complexes was investigated using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA). The magnetization of the synthesized compounds was measured as a function of temperature under zero-field-cooled (ZFC) and field-cooled (FC) conditions using a physical property measurement system (PPMS).

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    Real maritime measurement-driven machine learning for path loss modeling in shore-to-ship wireless links

    Sağır, Nuğman; Eyüboğlu, Ekrem; Kuzulugil, Kenan; Tuğcu, Zeynep Hasırcı; Çavdar, İsmail Hakkı

    Reliable propagation modeling remains a fundamental requirement for the design and deployment of maritime wireless communication systems, particularly in shore-to-ship scenarios characterized by highly variable environmental conditions. Unlike conventional empirical and deterministic models that rely on theoretical assumptions, the proposed approach is entirely measurement-driven, enabling more accurate and robust propagation modeling. Four regression algorithms—Gaussian Process Regression, Least Squares Boosting, Decision Tree, and Support Vector Regression—are evaluated using a feature set that includes transmission distance, sea state, weather conditions, and antenna configurations. Among the tested models, the Decision Tree achieves the best performance, with an RMSE of 1.18 dB and an R2 of 0.96, corresponding to an error reduction of approximately 45.6% compared to the best-performing empirical model. Feature importance analysis shows that transmission distance and antenna geometry dominate signal attenuation, while environmental variables have a limited influence at this frequency. Unlike most existing studies that emphasize deep learning or black-box models, this work demonstrates that lightweight and interpretable regression models can achieve comparable accuracy while enabling real-time link planning and practical deployment. The focus is on engineering applicability rather than proposing new learning architectures. Overall, the results indicate that measurement-driven machine learning provides accurate and interpretable solutions for shore-to-ship path loss modeling under real maritime conditions.

    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Spatial heterogeneity of microscopically detected Nosema spp. infection in honeybees: Climate-associated patterns in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Türkiye

    Tosun, Onur; Bekircan, Çağrı; Kurnaz, Muammer

    Nosemosis has emerged as the predominant microsporidian infection of honeybees (Apis mellifera L.) in many regions, including Türkiye, yet the climatic drivers of its epidemiology remain insufficiently quantified. This study assessed the effects of temperature and relative humidity on nosemosis prevalence across seven provinces in the climatically diverse Eastern Black Sea region. A dataset of 2688 colony-level observations was analyzed using generalized linear models, mixed-effects models, beta regression, generalized additive models, and spatial autocorrelation. Both temperature and humidity were consistently significant predictors (p < .001). Quadratic temperature terms and nonlinear GAM smooths were consistent with a thermal performance pattern, with infection peaking at intermediate ranges. Humidity exerted threshold-like effects, with disproportionately higher prevalence at upper quantiles. Province-level random effects accounted for ∼18% of variance, underscoring spatial heterogeneity, while elevation was not significant once climatic variables were included. Exploratory spatial analysis (Global Moran's I = −0.476, p = 0.043) tentatively suggested dispersion rather than clustering; however, given the very small number of spatial units (n = 7), this result should be regarded as hypothesis-generating only. The beta mixed-effects model achieved moderate predictive accuracy under cross-validation (RMSE ≈ 0.109). Collectively, these findings indicate that nosemosis prevalence in the region is strongly associated with climatic variability, exhibits nonlinear and threshold-like responses, and shows pronounced spatial heterogeneity. We emphasize that these are statistical associations and that unmeasured factors (e.g., colony strength, nutrition, pesticide exposure, management practices, and co-infections) likely contribute to the unexplained variance. By integrating hierarchical, nonlinear, and spatial approaches, this study establishes a climate-associated epidemiological assessment of nosemosis risk in A. mellifera and highlights the importance of localized climatic suitability under ongoing climate change.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    Enhancing precision of low-cost detectors via machine learning for accurate mass attenuation coefficient estimation

    Düzgün, İ.; Küçük, M.A.; Kaya, S.; Çelik, N.

    Low-cost NaI(Tl) detectors are practical for gamma-ray spectrometry but their limited energy resolution can introduce systematic errors in mass attenuation coefficient measurements when scattered photons are included in the peak region. This study proposes a machine-learning correction framework that maps NaI(Tl)-derived attenuation coefficients to XCOM-based HPGe-equivalent reference values through a dimensionless correction factor. An EGS4/XCOM dataset of 756 model-development configurations, covering 18 atomic numbers, six monoenergetic photon energies, and seven collimator radii, was used to train twelve regression models and evaluate them over 60 randomized train–validation–test cycles. Sodium and Bismuth were withheld for external material-wise validation. Gaussian Process Regression with a Matérn 5/2 kernel provided the best overall testing performance. For the withheld materials, the correction reduced the mean deviation from XCOM references from 3.07% to 0.83%, supporting its use as a practical correction layer for low-cost attenuation measurements.

    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Novel 1,2,4-triazole-based n-mannich derivatives: Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and enzyme inhibitory activities, and in silico studies

    Yılmaz, Yonca; Medetalibeyoğlu, Hilal; Kapancık, Serkan; Tüzün, Burak; Lukšič, Miha; Aslan, Rukiye; Topal, Fevzi; Kocyigit, Umit M.; Yüksek, Haydar; Harmankaya, Ahmet

    A series of novel 1,2,4-triazole-based Mannich bases was designed, synthesized, and evaluated for biological and theoretical properties. Schiff base intermediates (C1–6) were prepared by condensing 4-benzoxy-3-methoxybenzaldehyde with various 3-substituted-4-amino-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-ones. Mannich reactions with formaldehyde and 2,6-dimethylmorpholine produced six target compounds (D1–6). Structures were confirmed using spectroscopic techniques. Following structural confirmation, the compounds showed significant cytotoxicity against HT-29 and MCF-7 cancer cell lines in MTT assays. Enzyme inhibition studies demonstrated activity against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (G6PDH) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), indicating potential relevance to cancer metabolism. Moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibition was observed, with IC50 values from 56.81 to 182.40 µM. Antimicrobial testing showed that D1, D3, D4, and D5 were active against selected microbial strains, while D2 and D6 were inactive. Density functional theory (DFT) calculations, molecular docking, ADME/T predictions, and molecular mechanics simulations were conducted to complement the experimental findings. These computational analyses indicated favorable binding interactions and pharmacological profiles.In summary, the newly synthesized triazole-based Mannich derivatives represent promising candidates for further pharmacological investigation.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleAçık Erişim2026
    Microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvent-based system for sustainable eritadenine extraction from shiitake mushroom (Lentinula edodes)

    Kaya, Murat; Berktas, Serap; Alasalvar, Hamza; Cam, Mustafa

    Shiitake (Lentinula edodes) mushrooms contain a significant level of eritadenine, a cholesterol-lowering compound. However, volatile organic solvents such as methanol are commonly used in the extraction of eritadenine. To overcome this disadvantage, in the present study, microwave-assisted natural deep eutectic solvents (NADESs) extraction was tested for the extraction of eritadenine. The efficiency of NADESs was compared with benchmark solvents (water, aqueous ethanol, aqueous methanol). NADES, composed of betaine and sorbitol, demonstrated superior efficiency in the extraction of eritadenine. Based on the results obtained from preliminary experiments, microwave-assisted extraction was optimized using a statistical optimization method. A microwave power of 300 W and an extraction time of 15 s were established as optimal conditions with an eritadenine content of 10.63 mg/g dry weight (DW). Further comparisons using NADES revealed the superiority of microwaves over homogenization and stirring methods. The highest level of eritadenine was measured with the microwave-assisted method (10.56 mg/g DW), followed by homogenization (7.22 mg/g DW) and stirring (1.03 mg/g DW). A similar trend was detected in the total phenolic content of the extracts (microwave: 8.27 mg GAE/g DW, homogenization: 2.32 mg GAE/g DW, and stirring: 0.46 mg GAE/g DW). The DPPH and ABTS antioxidant capacities of the extracts ranged from 1.18 to 29.40 mg TE/g DW and 2.42-34.69 mg TE/g DW, respectively. According to the sample preparation metric of sustainability tool, the microwave-assisted approach for the extraction of eritadenine was more sustainable due to the short extraction time. Overall, NADES combined with microwave technology represents an efficient approach for recovering eritadenine, enhancing extraction efficiency and sustainability from shiitake mushrooms.

    • SDG 12 · Sorumlu Üretim ve Tüketim
    İncele
  • Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2026
    A systematic and evolutionary analysis of software design pattern detection and recommendation approaches (2015–2025)

    Turk, Salih; Coskuncay, Ahmet

    Context: Automated detection and recommendation of software design patterns is crucial for software maintenance, reverse engineering, and architectural quality. Despite decades of research, the field has undergone a significant transformation with the emergence of deep learning and large language models (LLMs), leading to a fragmented landscape of methodologies and evaluation settings. Objective: This study aims to provide a systematic and evolutionary synthesis of design pattern detection and recommendation approaches published between 2015 and 2025, categorizing them into distinct technological paradigms and identifying open research challenges. Method: Following Kitchenham’s evidence-based software engineering guidelines and PRISMA principles, a systematic literature review was conducted. We executed a structured search on the Web of Science database, identifying 212 initial records. After rigorous multi-stage screening and quality assessment, 66 primary studies were selected for final synthesis and analysis. Results: The evolution of the field is characterized through six distinct paradigms: Rule-Based, Graph-Based, Feature-Driven Machine Learning, Representation Learning (Deep Learning), Hybrid, and Contextual Intelligence (LLM). Findings reveal a clear methodological shift from structural exactness to semantic and contextual understanding. However, the analysis also identifies a high concentration on specific datasets (JHotDraw and P-MARt) and a lack of standardized benchmarks for variant detection and multi-modal analysis. Conclusions: While LLM-based approaches show promise in handling pattern variants and semantic context, the field requires more diverse benchmarks and explainable models. This review provides a comprehensive research roadmap, emphasizing the need for multi-modal frameworks and industry-scale validation to bridge the gap between academic research and practical software engineering.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2026
    Psychometric validation of the Turkish Short form of the disaster resilience scale for individuals

    Doğru, Salih

    Purpose This study adapts and validates the Short Form of the Disaster Resilience Scale for Individuals (DRSi-SF) into Turkish, aiming to provide a practical tool for assessing disaster preparedness in high-risk contexts. Method Data were collected from 505 adults across Türkiye, a country highly exposed to earthquakes, floods, and landslides. The DRSi-SF was translated and back-translated, with linguistic equivalence confirmed via paired t-tests and correlations. Psychometric analyses included exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, internal consistency, concurrent validity testing with the Disaster Risk Perception Scale, and measurement invariance across gender and disaster experience groups. Findings and Conclusion The Turkish DRSi-SF retained its original three-factor structure—knowledge, readiness, and action—with acceptable fit indices (CFI = 0.906, RMSEA = 0.074) and reliability (α = 0.71). Disaster resilience correlated positively with risk perception, supporting concurrent validity. Measurement invariance was established at configural, metric, and scalar levels across groups, enabling meaningful subgroup comparisons. Practical implications The DRSi-SF offers a brief, scalable instrument for policymakers, emergency agencies, and NGOs to identify resilience levels, inform preparedness strategies, and target interventions. Its brevity facilitates integration into e-government systems, mobile applications, and community-based screenings. Originality This is the first Turkish adaptation of the DRSi-SF, aligning with the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction and providing a culturally relevant, psychometrically sound tool applicable to other hazard-prone regions.

    • SDG 3 · Sağlık ve Kaliteli Yaşam
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2025
    Performance assessment of solar-powered electric vehicles: Importance of maximum power point tracking, range enhancement and charging frequency analysis under various operating and irradiance conditions

    Başoğlu, Mustafa Engin

    Decarbonizing the transportation sector is becoming a crucial focus in the 21st century. As the popularity of internal combustion engine vehicles declines, the adoption of hybrid and electric vehicles (EVs) is significantly increasing. One of the main challenges for battery-powered vehicles, aside from safety concerns, is the limited driving range and frequent charging requirements. Integrating a photovoltaic (PV) module onto a vehicle's surface enables continuous battery charging during both motion and stationary periods, thereby extending the vehicle's range on a full charge. This study presents two main contributions: a modified 0.8VOC-based maximum power point tracking (MPPT) method for fast-changing irradiance conditions for flat-roof vehicle-integrated PV (VIPV) systems, and a long-term simulation analysis of classical MPPT methods using two new indicators for range extension and vehicle charging frequency variations under different irradiance profiles. The proposed MPPT method yielded superior energy performance, achieving 16–25 % higher energy generation compared to both the incremental conductance (IC) algorithm and the variable step-sized (VSS) perturb and observe (P&O) method. Long-term simulations conducted for three EV models demonstrated a daily driving range extension of 2–7 km with an 185W PV module, along with up to a 19 % reduction in charging frequency, depending on the battery capacity and vehicle models.

    • SDG 7 · Erişilebilir ve Temiz Enerji
    • SDG 9 · Sanayi, Yenilikçilik ve Altyapı
    • SDG 13 · İklim Eylemi
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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025
    Paleolatitudinal movements of the eastern Sakarya Zone from Jurassic to Eocene

    Kayın, Sercan; Hisarlı, Z. Mümtaz; İşseven, Turgay; Dokuz, Abdurrahman; Algur, Bahadırhan Sefa

    The study area covers a region oriented north-south from the Black Sea coastline in the north to the Kelkit Basin in the south within the eastern Sakarya Zone in northern Türkiye. The objective of this study is to investigate the paleolatitudinal movements of the eastern Sakarya Zone during the Jurassic-Eocene time interval through paleomagnetism. Various volcanic and sedimentary units (e.g., the Şenköy, Berdiga, Mescitli, Çatak, Kızılkaya, and Çağlayan Formations) spanning the time interval from the Early Jurassic to Middle Eocene were identified. A total of 98 locations belonging to Early/Middle Jurassic to Eocene volcanic and sedimentary units were selected for paleomagnetic core sample collection. The samples were subjected to demagnetization through thermal and alternating field methods. Characteristic remanent magnetization directions (ChRM) were obtained. Isothermal remanent magnetization (IRM) and high temperature susceptibility (HTS) measurements were made to identify the minerals responsible for magnetization. To ascertain whether magnetization was acquired through rock formation or as a consequence of subsequent tectonic processes, conglomerate and fold tests were performed. The results showed that magnetization was acquired before folding, i.e., the rocks have primary magnetization. Polarity tests were also conducted using coeval normal and reverse polarity sites. The results indicate that the mean magnetization direction for the Early-Middle Jurassic is 18.1°/55.2° (D/I) and 3.3°/51.5° (D/I) for sedimentary and volcanic rocks, respectively, and 348.7°/46.7° (D/I) for Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous sedimentary rocks. In the Late Cretaceous period, the mean magnetization direction is 8.0°/49.3° (D/I) and 9.1°/47.0° (D/I) for sedimentary and volcanic rocks, respectively. In the case of the Early/Middle Eocene, the mean magnetization direction is 348.6°/52.7° (D/I) and 5.9°/48.8° (D/I) for sedimentary and volcanic rocks, respectively. In this study, the E/I correction was applied to the Late Jurassic/Early Cretaceous sedimentary rocks, and paleolatitude data obtained from sedimentary rocks were also utilized. Our paleomagnetic results indicate that the eastern Sakarya Zone was situated at latitudes spanning from 27.9° to 35.7° during the Early Jurassic - Middle Eocene time interval. In consequence, the eastern Sakarya Zone constituted a portion of the southern margin of the Eurasian continent during the Late Jurassic and Middle Eocene periods.

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  • MakaleYalnız künye2025
    Tectonic structures of Lake Eğirdir (SW Türkiye) revealed by magnetic analysis

    Aktaş, Gülten; Hisarlı, Z. Mümtaz; Öksüm, Erdinç

    Lake Eğirdir, located within the tectonically complex Isparta Angle of southwestern Türkiye, hosts an actively deforming transtensional basin shaped by multidirectional stresses. Although the surrounding fault systems have been studied previously, the subsurface fault architecture beneath the lake remained largely unresolved. Understanding the lake's subsurface tectonic framework is crucial for regional geological and seismic assessments. This study addresses this gap by applying traditional and advanced edge detection techniques to identify magnetic lineaments and assess their connection with surrounding faults using newly acquired high-resolution magnetic data, corrected for noise and distortions. The distinct magnetic lineaments identified confirm a structural connection on land with the regional fault network around the lake, also showing their continuity under the lake. The results reveal dominant NW-SE and E-W trending magnetic lineaments. The most prominent structure identified within the lake is a NE-SW fault that cuts the NW-SE anomalies and is spatially related to the Yaka Fault on land. Its continuation beneath the lake is confirmed by clustered seismicity and normal fault-type focal mechanisms, indicating active transtensional deformation. These findings highlight active faulting processes that continue to shape the lake basin and contribute to understanding regional seismic hazards. Integration of magnetic, bathymetric, seismic, and geodetic datasets reveals that Lake Eğirdir acts as a dynamic neotectonic transfer zone within the Isparta Angle, facilitating the westward extrusion of the Anatolian Plate.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025
    Supervised classification-based framework for rock mass discontinuity identification using point cloud data

    Günen, Mehmet Akif; Öztürk, Kaşif Furkan; Aliyazıcıoğlu, Şener

    Mapping and evaluating rock mass discontinuities using point clouds is a critical task in mining, civil, and geological engineering. Rock discontinuities can significantly impact the integrity, strength, and stability of rock masses. The orientation of these discontinuities is also a key characteristic of the rock mass. Accurate orientation estimation from point clouds enables more precise predictions of rock mass behavior, leading to improved safety, more efficient excavation processes, reduced operational costs, and significant time savings. In this context, a supervised classification-based framework is proposed for calculating orientation parameters from point cloud. Supervised classification plays a crucial role in tasks where a model learns complex patterns from labeled data to accurately predict previously unseen instances. The proposed method consists of eight-steps, including: data collection, pre-processing (data filtering), adaptive neighborhood size selection (omnivariance-based), feature extraction (geometric features), feature selection (Minimum Redundancy Maximum Relevance method), classification (Support Vector Machine), clustering (connected component labeling), and plane fitting to calculate orientation parameters (dip angle and dip direction). The framework was applied to two real-world datasets and one synthetic dataset, which was tested in two different subsampled forms (random and uniform subsampling). The results statistically demonstrated that the technique was effective in detecting and characterizing rock mass discontinuities with high Accuracy, Recall, Precision, and F-Score values ranging from 94.64% to 99.57%. The deviations of the method in the measurements of the dip angle and the dip direction, compared to the manual measurements, range from 1% to 4%, indicating strong agreement with the manual measurements and the existing studies.

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  • MakaleAçık Erişim2025
    Effect of heating rate on thermal inactivation kinetics of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef

    Ozturk, Samet; Huang, Lihan; Hwang, Cheng-An; Sheen, Shiowshuh

    The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of heating rate on thermal inactivation kinetics of microorganisms in food, testing the survival of Escherichia coli O157:H7 in ground beef during isothermal and dynamic heating. A 4-strain cocktail of E. coli O157:H7 was inoculated to irradiation-sterilized ground beef (10 % fat) and then subjected to isothermal heating (55–63 °C) and dynamic heating (20–63 °C). One-step analysis was used to determine the kinetic parameters. Different degrees of increased thermal resistance were observed in E. coli O157:H7 during dynamic heating. In comparison to isothermal heating, slight increase in the thermal resistance was found during fast heating (1.2–1.8 °C/min). However, slow heating (0.3–0.9 °C/min) led to significantly increased thermal resistance due to heat adaption at temperatures below 61.3 °C, but E. coli O157:H7 became more sensitive to heat above this temperature, suggesting that the increased resistance may diminish after reaching a critical temperature. To account for the increased heat resistance during dynamic heating, a unified kinetic model was developed and validated by applying one-step dynamic analysis, resulting in more accurate kinetic parameters to describe the survival curves of all heating rates. This study demonstrated that the kinetic parameters derived from isothermal conditions may not be applicable to dynamic conditions. It is necessary to consider the effect of heating rate and to determine the thermal inactivation kinetic parameters under dynamic conditions. It also demonstrated the advantage of using one-step dynamic analysis for evaluating thermal processes. The results of this study may be particularly useful for designing slow-heating processes to ensure proper cooking of products.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
    İncele
  • MakaleYalnız künye2025
    Determination of selection-focused physicochemical properties in the local Eğrisap pear (Pyrus communis L.) clone grown in Rize

    Kalkisim, Ozgun; Aydin, Mehmet Zahit; Ozdes, Duygu; Duran, Celal

    Turkey, located within the Western Asia gene center, is a significant genetic center for many fruit species, including pears. Rize, a province in the Northeastern part of Turkey, is located within the Northeast Anatolia Region, which falls within the genetic center area where pears have undergone evolutionary development. This study aimed to identify promising local Eğrisap pear clone genotypes with superior traits and to introduce them into economic use. For this purpose, Rize province and its districts were surveyed, and fruit and leaf samples were collected from pre-selected Eğrisap pear clone types. These samples were subjected to pomological, morphological, and chemical analysis. The JMP 13 statistical software package was used to compare the Eğrisap pear clone types. According to the research results, the pomological and morphological traits of the clone types varied as follows: fruit weight (99.10–139.54 g), fruit width (54.52–65.41 mm), fruit length (57.58–68.83 mm), fruit stem length (50.75–59.50 mm), fruit stem thickness (2.36–2.91 mm), core width (5.15–7.55 mm), core length (9.73–14.51 mm), flesh firmness (3.61–7.13 lb), seed number (5.30–8.55), leaf width (45.80–60.04 mm), leaf length (64.53–82.37 mm), petiole length (37.04–60.99 mm), petiole thickness (0.83–1.20 mm), and soluble solid content (SSC) (9.10 %-16.0 %). Regarding chemical composition, the pH values of the clone types ranged from (3.78–4.22), titratable acidity (0.22 %-0.47 %), protein content (1.50 %-4.95 %), vitamin C content (0.92–2.28 mg/100 g), ash content (1.16 %-4.30 %), and total sugar content (9.66 %-17.28 %). Mineral element analysis of the local pear varieties revealed that iron content ranged from (0–14.7 µg/g), copper (2.90–9.12 µg/g), manganese (2.9–11.6 µg/g), magnesium (321.7–771.5 mg/g), zinc (0 µg/g), sodium (9.6–39.6 µg/g), potassium (5.43–14.50 µg/g), calcium (50.1–219.7 µg/g), cobalt (0.01–0.31 µg/g), cadmium (0–0.1 µg/g), and nickel (0.08–4.41 µg/g). Among the local Eğrisap pear clones grown in Rize, clone type 53 IYD 01 was identified as having the most superior quality criteria and chemical composition. Consequently, it is recommended that this clone type be introduced to producers for cultivation.

    • SDG 2 · Açlığa Son
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