Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Uzun, Sevda(67)
- Merdan, Mehmet(59)
- Duran, Celal(49)
- Ozdes, Duygu(46)
- Kaygusuz, Abdullah(45)
- Demir, Selim(37)
- Turan, Ibrahim(37)
- Karsli, Orhan(36)
- Öztürk, Serkan(35)
- Dokuz, Abdurrahman(34)
- Araz, Onur(32)
- Kandemir, Raif(31)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(29)
- Sipahi, Ferkan(29)
- Arslan, Mehmet(27)
- Baltaci, Cemalettin(27)
- Baltacı, Cemalettin(27)
- Kurt, Kemal(27)
- Topal, Fevzi(27)
- Gücer, Mehmet Ali(25)
- Peker, Iskender(25)
- Aydin, Faruk(24)
- Bayrakdaroglu, Serdar(24)
- Maden, Nafiz(24)
- Ozturk, Samet(24)
- Vural, Alaaddin(24)
- Yolcu, Halil(24)
- Yücel, Cem(24)
- Aliyazicioglu, Yuksel(23)
- Kankal, Murat(23)
- Reis, Hatice Catal(23)
- Ürkek, Bayram(23)
- Günen, Mehmet Akif(22)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(22)
- Topal, Meryem(22)
- Karimullah, Suud Sarim(21)
- Uysal, Ibrahim(21)
- Ashyralyyev, Charyyar(20)
- Aydin, Aydanur(20)
- Bayraktar, Alemdar(20)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1Analytical solution to continuous contact problem for a functionally graded layer loaded through two dissimilar rigid punches
Polat, Alper; Kaya, Yusuf; Özşahin, Talat Şükrü
A continuous contact problem of functionally graded layer resting on an elastic semi-infinite plane, which is loaded with through two different blocks is addressed in this study. The elasticity theory and integral transformation techniques are used in solution of the problem. The problem is reduced to a system of singular integral equations, and solved numerically by the aid of appropriate Gauss–Chebyshev integration formula. It is assumed that the elastic semi-infinite homogeneous plane is isotropic and all surfaces are frictionless and continuous. The shear modulus and the mass density of the FG layer vary exponentially along the thickness direction.
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İncele - Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1A Review Study on the Using of Diethyl Ether in Diesel Engines: Effects on Fuel Properties and Engine Performance
Sezer, İsmet
This study was compiled from the results of various researches performed on using diethyl ether as a fuel or fuel additive in diesel engines. Three different techniques are used the reduction of the harmful exhaust emissions of diesel engines. The first technique for the reduction of harmful emissions is improved the combustion by modification of engine design and fuel injection system, but this process is expensive and time consuming. The second technique is the using various exhaust gas devices like catalytic converter and diesel particulate filter. However, the use of these devices affects negatively diesel engine performance. The final technique to reduce emissions and also improve diesel engine performance is the use of various alternative fuels or fuel additives. The major pollutants of diesel engines are oxides of nitrogen (NOx) and particulate matter (PM). It is very difficult to reduce NOx and PM simultaneously in practice. The most researches declare that the best way to reduce is the use of various alternative fuels i. e. natural gas, biogas, biodiesel or using the additives with alternative fuels or conventional diesel fuel. Therefore, it is very important that the results of various studies on alternative fuels or fuel additives are evaluated together to practice applications. Especially, this study focus on the use diethyl ether in diesel engines as fuel or fuel additive in various diesel engine fuels. This review study investigates the effects of diethyl ether addition on the fuel properties and performance characteristics.
AtıfScopus17WoS15OpenAlex19İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3Effect of amino acid substitution in New Delhi metallo-β-lactamase on carbapenem susceptibility
Düzgün, Azer Özad
The aim of this work was investigation of clinically important amino acid substitutions of NDM-1 variants. A blaNDM-1 gene was cloned into expression vector pET100/D-TOPO. The sequence of NDM-1 variants with substituted amino acids was determined by ClustalW program. A pET100/D-TOPO + blaNDM-1 was used to generate the alanine mutations at different positions, such as NDM-2 (P28A), NDM-3 (D95A), NDM-4 (M154A), NDM-5 (V88A), NDM-7 (D130A), and NDM-9 (E152A). The mutant variants were transformed into Escherichia coli DH5α. Changes in the activities of alanine mutation variants were determined by E-test. All samples had 32 μg/ml MIC values against ampicillin. The 28th amino acid mutation sample had the highest MIC value against ceftazidime, whereas decreased MIC value for piperacillin. It was observed that the resistance to imipenem was increased in mutant variants D95A, M154A, D130A, and E152A, comparing with P28A and V88A. It was found that NDM-1 has 0.64 μg/ml and the 130th amino acid mutation sample has 0.75 μg/ml meropenem MIC value.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3ANALYZING THE DYNAMICS OF EBOLA TRANSMISSION WITH RANDOM EFFECTS
Merdan, Mehmet; Bekiryazici, Zafer; Kesemen, Tulay; Khaniyev, Tahir
In this study, a deterministic mathematical model of Ebola transmission is analyzed under random ef-fects. A recent compartmental model of Berge et al. incorporates both direct and indirect transmission in the model. We assume the parameters of this model are normally distributed random variables to investigate the random behavior of disease transmission. Random differential transformation method is used to obtain the ap-proximate expectation of disease recovery. Furthermore, the approximation for expected recovery is modified by using Laplace-Padé method. Comparison of results indicate that the Laplace-Padé modification provides a better approximation. We also interpret the long term random behavior of the disease dynamics using simulation results.
AtıfScopus3WoS2OpenAlex3İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1Primula vulgaris extract induces cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in human cervix cancer cells
Demir, Selim; Turan, Ibrahim; Aliyazicioglu, Rezzan; Yaman, Serap Ozer; Aliyazicioglu, Yuksel
Primula vulgaris belongs to the genus Primula, members of which are frequently used in folk medicine. Various studies have investigated the cytotoxic effect of different Primula species, but there have been limited studies on the cytotoxic effect of P. vulgaris. The aim of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effects, and possible mechanisms involved, of P. vulgaris flower extract on human cervical cancer (HeLa) cells. The cytotoxic effect of the extract on HeLa cells was revealed using the MTT assay. Mechanisms involved in the extract's cytotoxic effect were then investigated in terms of apoptosis, mitochondrial membrane potential, and the cell cycle, using fluorometric methods. P. vulgaris flower extract exhibited selective cytotoxic effects against HeLa cells by arresting their cell cycle at the S phase, and inducing the number of apoptotic cells compared to normal fibroblast cells by reducing mitochondrial membrane potential in a concentration-dependent manner. This is the first study to reveal the antiproliferative effect of P. vulgaris flower extract. Further studies are now needed to identify the cytotoxic molecules in the extract and their mechanisms.
AtıfScopus29WoS32OpenAlex40İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ3In vitro antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of the five different solvent extracts of Centaurea pulcherrima var. Freynii from Turkey
Ozcan, Kadriye; Acet, Tuba
Various extracts of Centaurea pulcherrima var. freynii were investigated for total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities. The antioxidant properties of plant extracts were evaluated by free radical scavenging assays (DPPH and ABTS). Antimicrobial activities were examined using disc diffusion methods. According to the results of antioxidant capacity assays, the plant showed moderately antioxidant activity in test methods. It was found that ethyl acetate extract showed the most effective activity including total phenolic, flavonoid, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities.
AtıfScopus11WoS10İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Relationship between the geological environment and element accumulation capacity of Helichrysum arenarium
Vural, Alaaddin
This study was carried out to determine the effect of geological environment on the biogeochemical properties of Helichrysum arenarium. Plant samples from Upper Cretaceous andesite, basalt, and their pyroclasts; Eocene andesite, basalt, and their pyroclasts; and Upper Eocene granitic rocks were collected. Roots, stems, and flowers of the plant were analyzed to determine their major and trace elements, such as Ca, Mg, Al, Na, K, Fe, Mn, U, Sr, P, La, Cr, Ba, Ti, B, W, Hg, Cs, Hf, Rb, Zr, and Ce. This study is one of the few studies in which the element content of H. arenarium is studied in detail and the element accumulation capacities are examined according to the types of rocks the plants grow. Result showed that the plants exhibited different element accumulation capacities according to the lithological environments where they grew. The element concentrations in the root, stem, and flower of the plant were predominantly high in Eocene andesite, basalt, and pyroclasts. High values were also observed in plants grown on the Upper Eocene granitic rock. Some elements were also high in plants grown in the Upper Cretaceous andesite, basalt, and pyroclasts. Therefore, the high element contents of plant are related to the element contents of the rocks where the plants grew. Furthermore, the alteration and tectonic influences on the plants are also influential.
AtıfScopus16WoS13OpenAlex18İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3A new species of the genus microliobunum from Turkey (Opiliones, Sclerosomatidae)
Kurt, Kemal
A new harvestman species, Microliobunum erseni sp. nov., is described and illustrated with photographs of both sexes from Kilis Province, Turkey. It is the second species in this genus, which is otherwise known only from Lebanon.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Comparative analysis of mathematical knowledge in physics textbooks
Takaoğlu, Zeynep Başkan
When different disciplines that physics lesson is related are examined, it is seen that mathematics becomes prominent as one of the most used fields. Physics textbooks are the most significant resources to clarify this relationship. Therefore, in this study, it is aimed to analyze the involvement of mathematical knowledge in physics textbooks used during 2011-2012 and 2016-2017 academic year in Turkey and to evaluate them according to mathematics subject distribution. In line with this aim, 9 th , 10 th , 11 th , and 12 th -grade textbooks used in physics lessons during 2011-2012 and 2016-2017 academic years are examined through document analysis method. According to the research results, it is found that mathematical knowledge is mostly located in Force and Movement chapters in both physics textbooks belonging to two different years. The involvement of mathematical knowledge in the chapters can result from the fact that Force and Movement chapters are the most suitable chapters for daily practices of mathematics. Besides, it occurs that the most used mathematical knowledge is the category of numbers and operations. This is because of the fact that basic level knowledge is used more because all mathematical knowledge is based on numbers and four operations. In this respect, that mathematical knowledge involved in physics textbooks is very excessive stands as the most significant evidence for that there is a strong connection between physics and mathematics.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex1İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ3On partial sums of normalized q-Bessel functions
Aktaş, Ibrahim; Orhan, Halit
In the present investigation our main aim is to give lower bounds for the ratio of some normalized q-Bessel functions and their sequences of partial sums. Especially, we consider Jackson's second and third q-Bessel functions and we apply one normalization for each of them.
AtıfScopus5WoS5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1Modal parameter identification of RC frame under undamaged, damaged, repaired and strengthened conditions
Altunişik, Ahmet Can; Karahasan, Olguhan Şevket; Genç, Ali Fuat; Okur, Fatih Yesevi; Günaydin, Murat; Kalkan, Ebru; Adanur, Süleyman
Structures are built on a design and then damaged in time by natural and manmade effects, repaired and strengthened for reusing. Determination of the structural behavior is very important to avoid future disaster. Operational Modal Analysis has been widely used recently to determine the inherent modal parameters of engineering structures and give significant information about the structural condition. Also, this method can be used to further studies such as model updating, damage detection and health monitoring. In this paper, it is aimed to investigate the changes of modal parameters considering undamaged, damaged, repaired and strengthened conditions using ambient vibration tests. For this purpose, a reinforced concrete frame model having two-floor with two spans in the longitudinal direction considering ½ geometric scales is built in laboratory. Four different cases are considered to emerge the efficiency of this procedure and the undamaged RC model is measured firstly to determine the initial modal parameters. Secondly, the lateral forces are applied to floor levels to obtain the damages, especially in beam-column joints. Thirdly, the damaged model is repaired using injection material and lastly strengthened with Carbon Fiber Reinforcement Polymer. It is also examined that what rate the dynamic characteristics return to back after repairing and strengthening studies by the comparison with undamaged condition? In addition to this the evaluation of carbon fiber reinforcement polymer effectiveness in strengthening for real applications is presented. It is seen that ambient vibration test is enough to identify the modal parameters of engineering structures for different conditions. The modal parameters are decreased distinctly with damages, and reverted almost initial condition with strengthening.
AtıfScopus40WoS35OpenAlex38İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ2Evaluation of Pomological and Morphological Characteristics and Chemical Compositions of Local Pear Varieties (Pyrus communis L.) Grown in Gumushane, Turkey; [Pomologische und morphologische Eigenschaften sowie Inhaltsstoffe lokaler Birnensorten (Pyrus communis L.) in Gumushane (Türkei)]
Kalkisim, Ozgun; Okcu, Zuhal; Karabulut, Besim; Ozdes, Duygu; Duran, Celal
The aim of the present research was to investigate the fruit quality of twenty different local pear varieties (Pyrus communis L.), namely Ahlat, Ankara, Arpa, Bıldırcın, Çermai, Cinci, Gelin Boğan, Hacı Hamza, Hahır, Kabak, Kızıl, Kokulu, Mehrani, Menendi, Sulu, Şalgam, Tokat Sultanı, Turşu, Yaz, and Yaz Meyriği, grown in Gumushane province in terms of pomological and morphological characteristics and chemical compositions. The fruit mass, fruit width and length, fruit stem thickness and length, fruit kernel width and length, hardness of pulp, number of seeds, leaf width and length, leaf stem length and thickness, and water soluble dry matter (WSDM) of the pear fruits have been determined as pomological and morphological characteristics. On the other hand, the chemical compositions of the pear varieties have been evaluated in terms of protein, ash, sucrose, fructose, glucose, total sugar, titratable acidity, moisture, and mineral element levels. Both pomological and morphological results demonstrated that the local pear varieties are important in terms of rehabilitation studies and detailed selection studies on these local varieties should be performed. The chemical analyses result of the pear varieties revealed that there is no component that may be harmful to human health when consumed, and also these varieties contains the necessary amount of mineral elements.
AtıfScopus10WoS10OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1Dynamic response of a historical armory building using the finite element model validated by the ambient vibration test
Altunişik, Ahmet Can; Genç, Ali Fuat; Günaydin, Murat; Okur, Fatih Yesevi; Karahasan, Olguhan Şevket
In this paper, the aim was to determine the nonlinear dynamic response of historical masonry armory buildings using a validated finite element model. Eight ambient vibration tests were conducted on the building, using three different measurement test setups to extract the dynamic characteristics using the Enhanced Frequency Domain Decomposition method. A finite element model was constructed in ANSYS and the dynamic characteristics were obtained numerically. It can be seen that there is a good correlation between the mode shapes, but there are differences in natural frequencies with maximum values of 10.1%, 7.4% and 13.4% for first the three modes. To determine the nonlinear dynamic response, the validated finite element model was analyzed using the Kocaeli earthquake motion. The Drucker–Prager criterion and Willam–Warnke surface were considered for the nonlinear material models. At the end of the analyses, maximum displacements, principal stresses and strains are given in detail using contour diagrams. It is evident that the displacements show an increasing trend from the base to the top point of the building. Stresses occurred on the corners, openings and transition segments. In addition, crack distribution diagrams were drawn up to illustrate the stress accumulation points.
AtıfScopus26WoS25OpenAlex23İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ2Natural convection in an enclosure with a discretely heated sidewall: Heatlines and flow visualization
Saglam, M.; Sarper, B.; Aydin, O.
Natural convection inside a rectangular enclosure is investigated experimentally and numerically. One of the sidewalls is heated discretely by two flush-mounted heat sources. The other sidewall is kept at a constant temperature, while the horizontal walls are unheated. Heat dissipation rates of the heat sources are equal to each other. The aspect ratio of the enclosure (AR) is 2 and the working fluid is air (Pr=0.71). The study is focused on the validation of the two and three dimensional computations under real test conditions against experiments for various modified Rayleigh number values. Experimental study is performed for various modified Rayleigh numbers in the range of 7.7×105 and 3.1×106 while numerical part covers the values between 104 and 5×106. Temperature measurements and flow visualization studies are performed in the experimental work, and streamlines, isotherms and heatlines are presented in the numerical part of the study. From the experimental and numerical studies, it is shown that two dimensional computations reflects the general characteristics of the problem, conduction and radiation heat transfer are not negligible, surface temperatures increase with the modified Rayleigh number and heatline approach is an important tool to analyze convective heat transfer.
AtıfScopus11WoS8OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics: The Enron Effect-Love of Money, Corporate Ethical Values, Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI), and Dishonesty Across 31 Geopolitical Entities
Tang, Thomas Li-Ping; Sutarso, Toto; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Lim, Vivien K. G.; Teo, Thompson S. H.; Arias-Galicia, Fernando; Garber, Ilya E.; Chiu, Randy Ki-Kwan; Charles-Pauvers, Brigitte; Luna-Arocas, Roberto
Monetary intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the dark side of monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics-dishonesty (corruption). Dishonesty, a risky prospect, involves cost-benefit analysis of self-interest. We frame good or bad barrels in the environmental context as a proxy of high or low probability of getting caught for dishonesty, respectively. We theorize: The magnitude and intensity of the relationship between love of money and dishonest prospect (dishonesty) may reveal how individuals frame dishonesty in the context of two levels of subjective norm-perceived corporate ethical values at the micro-level (CEV, Level 1) and Corruption Perceptions Index at the macro-level (CPI, Level 2), collected from multiple sources. Based on 6382 managers in 31 geopolitical entities across six continents, our cross-level three-way interaction effect illustrates: As expected, managers in good barrels (high CEV/high CPI), mixed barrels (low CEV/high CPI or high CEV/low CPI), and bad barrels (low CEV/low CPI) display low, medium, and high magnitude of dishonesty, respectively. With high CEV, the intensity is the same across cultures. With low CEV, the intensity of dishonesty is the highest in high CPI entities (risk seeking of high probability)-the Enron Effect, but the lowest in low CPI entities (risk aversion of low probability). CPI has a strong impact on the magnitude of dishonesty, whereas CEV has a strong impact on the intensity of dishonesty. We demonstrate dishonesty in light of monetary values and two frames of social norm, revealing critical implications to the field of behavioral economics and business ethics.
AtıfScopus86WoS50OpenAlex102İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1Monetary Intelligence and Behavioral Economics Across 32 Cultures: Good Apples Enjoy Good Quality of Life in Good Barrels
Tang, Thomas Li-Ping; Sutarso, Toto; Ansari, Mahfooz A.; Lim, Vivien Kim Geok; Teo, Thompson Sian Hin; Arias-Galicia, Fernando; Garber, Ilya E.; Chiu, Randy Ki-Kwan; Charles-Pauvers, Brigitte; Luna-Arocas, Roberto
Monetary Intelligence theory asserts that individuals apply their money attitude to frame critical concerns in the context and strategically select certain options to achieve financial goals and ultimate happiness. This study explores the bright side of Monetary Intelligence and behavioral economics, frames money attitude in the context of pay and life satisfaction, and controls money at the macro-level (GDP per capita) and micro-level (Z income). We theorize: Managers with low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior will have high subjective well-being: pay satisfaction and quality of life. Data collected from 6586 managers in 32 cultures across six continents support our theory. Interestingly, GDP per capita is related to life satisfaction, but not to pay satisfaction. Individual income is related to both life and pay satisfaction. Neither GDP nor income is related to Happiness (money makes people happy). Our theoretical model across three GDP groups offers new discoveries: In high GDP (rich) entities, high income not only reduces aspirations-Rich, Motivator, and Power, but also promotes stewardship behavior-Budget, Give/Donate, and Contribute and appreciation of Achievement. After controlling income, we demonstrate the bright side of Monetary Intelligence: Low love of money motive but high stewardship behavior define Monetary Intelligence. Good apples enjoy good quality of life in good barrels. This notion adds another explanation to managers' low magnitude of dishonesty in entities with high Corruption Perceptions Index (CPI) (risk aversion for gains of high probability) . In low GDP (poor) entities, high income is related to poor Budgeting skills and escalated Happiness. These managers experience equal satisfaction with pay and life. We add a new vocabulary to the conversation of monetary intelligence, income, GDP, happiness, subjective well-being, good and bad apples and barrels, corruption, and behavioral ethics.
AtıfScopus62WoS37OpenAlex71İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1A consensus linkage map of lentil based on DArT markers from three RIL mapping populations
Ates, Duygu; Aldemir, Secil; Alsaleh, Ahmad; Erdogmus, Semih; Nemli, Seda; Kahriman, Abdullah; Ozkan, Hakan; Vandenberg, Albert; Tanyolac, Bahattin
Background Lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medikus) is a diploid (2n = 2x = 14), self-pollinating grain legume with a haploid genome size of about 4 Gbp and is grown throughout the world with current annual production of 4.9 million tonnes. Materials and methods A consensus map of lentil (Lens culinaris ssp. culinaris Medikus) was constructed using three different lentils recombinant inbred line (RIL) populations, including CDC Redberry x ILL7502 (LR8), ILL8006 x CDC Milestone (LR11) and PI320937 x Eston (LR39). Results The lentil consensus map was composed of 9,793 DArT markers, covered a total of 977.47 cM with an average distance of 0.10 cM between adjacent markers and constructed 7 linkage groups representing 7 chromosomes of the lentil genome. The consensus map had no gap larger than 12.67 cM and only 5 gaps were found to be between 12.67 cM and 6.0 cM (on LG3 and LG4). The localization of the SNP markers on the lentil consensus map were in general consistent with their localization on the three individual genetic linkage maps and the lentil consensus map has longer map length, higher marker density and shorter average distance between the adjacent markers compared to the component linkage maps. Conclusion This high-density consensus map could provide insight into the lentil genome. The consensus map could also help to construct a physical map using a Bacterial Artificial Chromosome library and map based cloning studies. Sequence information of DArT may help localization of orientation scaffolds from Next Generation Sequencing data.
AtıfScopus31WoS14OpenAlex31İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ1The effects of ownership concentration and institutional distance on the foreign entry ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs
Ilhan-Nas, Tulay; Okan, Tarhan; Tatoglu, Ekrem; Demirbag, Mehmet; Glaister, Keith W.
We investigate how ownership concentration and institutional distance both directly influence the equity-based ownership strategies of a sample of Turkish MNEs, and also how institutional differences moderate the link between ownership concentration and the equity-based ownership strategies of these firms. The findings suggest that neither ownership concentration nor institutional distance significantly affects the level of equity ownership. Although institutional distance variables have no direct effects on equity ownership, they tend to moderate the relationships between the ownership concentration and foreign equity ownership strategy of Turkish MNEs. In particular, we provide evidence that the regulative and normative dimensions of institutional distance affect the strength of the relationships between equity ownership strategy of MNEs and ownership concentration more so than the cognitive dimension of institutional distance.
AtıfScopus37WoS38OpenAlex42İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3PRODUCTION OF STRUCTURED LIPIDS FROM HAZELNUT OIL WITH CONJUGATED LINOLEIC ACID BY LIPASE-CATALYZED ESTERIFICATION: OPTIMIZATION BY RESPONSE SURFACE METHODOLOGY
Bakir, N.; Ilyasoglu, H.; Yucetepe, A.; Kasapoglu, K. N.; Demircan, E.; Ozcelik, B.
The aim of this study was to synthesize structured lipid from hazelnut oil with conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) by lipase-catalyzed esterification reaction. The incorporation of CLA into hazelnut oil was optimized by response surface methodology (RSM). Substrate molar ratio, time, and temperature were independent variables chosen for optimization of the reaction. Substrate molar ratio was the most significant variable on the incorporation of conjugated linoleic acid. Good quadratic model was achieved by multiple regression analysis and backward elimination. Optimal incorporation conditions were determined as follows: reaction temperature, 59 degrees C; time, 6 hours; substrate molar ratio, 4. Under these optimum conditions, a maximum incorporation ratio of CLA into hazelnut oil of 49.42% was achieved.
AtıfScopus1WoS1OpenAlex3İncele - Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3A REVIEW OF FLOW BOILING IN MINI AND MICROCHANNEL FOR ENHANCED GEOMETRIES
Çebi, Alican; Celen, Ali; Donmez, Aydin Haci; Karakoyun, Yakup; Celen, Pinar; Cellek, Mehmet Salih; Dalkiliç, Ahmet Selim; Taner, Tolga; Wongwises, Somchai
Flow boiling researches in enhanced geometries practiced recently have been summarized in this review. Classical approximations in macroscale flows have not applied to the flows with small hydraulic diameters, so, this subject has been paid attention by the researchers. Application areas of these structures are increasing continuously due to cooling need in small confined spaces. The related studies have been reviewed in a chronological manner and their parameters have been given in a table in order for the researchers to observe the scientific duration regarding the progresses on this subject. Almost all papers on this subject have been produced after 2000, therefore, this subject is considered as an actual one to improve and worth to study in the literature. This study can not only be evaluated as the beginning argument for the researchers involved in flow boiling process in mini and microchannel, but it also consists of new works on the investigated subject.
AtıfScopus35WoS30OpenAlex33TR Dizin4İncele