Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Uzun, Sevda(11)
- Baltacı, Cemalettin(5)
- Gül, Abdulkadir(5)
- Şengül, Mustafa(5)
- Ar, Ilker Murat(4)
- Erol, Ismail(4)
- Kulakaç, Nurşen(4)
- Peker, Iskender(4)
- Ürkek, Bayram(4)
- Aktaş, Haktan(3)
- Başoğlu, Mehmet(3)
- Düzgün, İbrahim(3)
- Kankal, Murat(3)
- Karpuz, Ömer(3)
- Searcy, Cory(3)
- Ustuner Top, Fadime(3)
- Çakmak, Seher(3)
- Çetin, Bülent(3)
- Özad Düzgün, Azer(3)
- Şahin, Rıdvan(3)
- Şan, Murat(3)
- Acet, Tuba(2)
- Akay, Seref(2)
- Akbulut, Zeynep(2)
- Akdoğan, Arda(2)
- Altun, Fatma(2)
- Azakli, Zeki(2)
- Başoğlu, Aysel(2)
- Başoğlu, M.(2)
- Benli, Tolga(2)
- Demir Doğan, Melike(2)
- Demir Çam, Sevgi(2)
- Duman, Şeyda(2)
- Ejder, Nebahat(2)
- Erer, İmren(2)
- Gücer, Mehmet Ali(2)
- Gümrük, Recep(2)
- Kahraman, M. Mustafa(2)
- Kalleci, Gülse Nur(2)
- Karsli, Fevzi(2)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2026The Stranger at Home: Lived Experiences of Online Gambling Within the Family in Siirt, Türkiye
Bektaş, Ahmet; Toprak, Adnan; Solmaz, Mustafa; Solmaz, Fatih; Erbaş, Sefa; İliter, Seyfettin; Parlar, Yasin
Online gambling is a growing public health concern whose harms extend to the family, yet its familial consequences remain underexplored in contexts where gambling is illegal and extended-family ties are strong. This study examined how men who gamble online perceive gambling to affect their families in Siirt, Türkiye. Using a qualitative exploratory design, in-person semi-structured interviews with nine married or previously married men who currently or formerly gambled online (recruited via purposive and snowball sampling) were analyzed with a hybrid deductive-inductive, codebook thematic analysis (Fereday & Muir-Cochrane, 2006), informed by the six phases of Braun and Clarke (2006). Four themes were identified: entry into online gambling and the experience of addiction; the internal disintegration of the nuclear family; the household’s economic collapse and drift into crime; and the extended family, stigmatization, and the cultural framing of harm. Participants perceived gambling to erode communication and trust, dispossess the household, and displace men from the provider role, while family responses followed conventional gendered lines-disrupting the material division of roles while reactivating a traditional gender order. Distinctive contextual mechanisms emerged, including the extended family’s collective debt-clearing in exchange for religious oaths and the operation of stigma through kinship networks that threatened collective family honor. Because all participants were gamblers, the findings reflect their perceptions of family impact rather than the direct experiences of affected others. The results extend a predominantly Western evidence base and underscore the need for culturally sensitive, family-inclusive support that works with existing kinship structures while protecting those most burdened.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Investigation of the Antioxidant, Antibacterial, and Food Safety Potential of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles Green Synthesized Using Pointed Cherry Laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) Extract
Kobya, Havva Nur; Gül, Abdulkadir; Karpuz, Ömer; Baltacı, Cemalettin
This study reports the green synthesis of silver (PFAgNPs) and copper (PFCuNPs) nanoparticles using an aqueous extract of pointed cherry laurel (Prunus laurocerasus L.) fruit (PF-E) and explores their applicability in food safety. The NPs were characterized via UV–Vis spectroscopy, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, EDX, and TEM confirming their successful formation and morphology. Total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant capacity (TAC) were measured for both PF-E and the synthesized NPs. While PFCuNPs exhibited higher TPC, PFAgNPs showed superior TFC and TAC. Notably, antioxidant assays (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP) indicated stronger radical scavenging activity for PFCuNPs. Antibacterial tests against Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa revealed broad-spectrum activity of PFAgNPs, with the highest inhibition against E. coli (19.4 ± 0.3 mm), whereas PFCuNPs showed dose-dependent efficacy, strongest against E. faecalis (9.6 ± 0.2 mm). LC–MS/MS analysis of the PF-E extract revealed quinic acid (63.42 mg/g), chlorogenic acid (2.38 mg/g), protocatechuic acid (0.07 mg/g), protocatechuic aldehyde (0.04 mg/g), hesperidin (0.03 mg/g), and naringenin (0.02 mg/g) as major components. The adsorption efficiencies of the synthesized PFAgNPs and PFCuNPs were evaluated against the toxic food contaminants patulin and HMF using both standard aqueous solutions and real food systems (apple juice). In standard aqueous solutions, PFAgNPs achieved removal efficiencies of 70.96% for patulin and 52.22% for HMF, while PFCuNPs showed 61.08% and 36.38%, respectively, at 5 g/L after 240 min. In real food systems, the adsorption efficiencies decreased, with PFAgNPs and PFCuNPs removing 34.24% and 32.90% of patulin, and 39.09% and 31.87% of HMF, respectively. The adsorption kinetics of HMF and patulin onto PFCuNP and PFAgNP were found to conform to both the pseudo-first-order and pseudo-second-order kinetic models for aqueous solutions as well as real samples. These findings confirm that the biosynthesized NPs offer dual functionality as antibacterial agents and toxin adsorbents, presenting a green, sustainable approach to food safety enhancement.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Vibrational Spectroscopy Coupled with Chemometrics for Olive Oil Authentication: Recent Advances and Future Perspectives
İlyasoğlu, Huri
Food authentication has become a critical issue for consumers, producers, and regulatory authorities, particularly for high-value products such as olive oil, which is highly susceptible to adulteration. In recent years, vibrational spectroscopy techniques, including mid-infrared (MIR), near-infrared (NIR), and Raman spectroscopy, have attracted significant attention as rapid and non-destructive analytical tools for assessing the authenticity of olive oil. When combined with multivariate chemometric approaches, these techniques enable the extraction of meaningful spectral fingerprints and the development of predictive models for adulteration detection. This review provides a comprehensive evaluation of studies conducted over the past decade, with a focus on the application of vibrational spectroscopy coupled with chemometrics for the authentication of olive oil. The reviewed studies demonstrate that combining vibrational spectroscopy with chemometric methods offers advantages, including minimal sample preparation, rapid analysis, environmental sustainability, and potential suitability for routine quality control and official food inspection. The current limitations and future research directions are also highlighted to facilitate the extensive implementation of these techniques in olive oil authentication frameworks.
- BildiriAçık Erişim2026The New Numerical Solutions of the Atangana-Baleanu Fractional Benney Equation
Alkan, Aslı; Anaç, Halil; Duman, O.; Erkus-Duman, E.
This study focuses on the novel Atangana-Baleanu method employed to obtain new numerical solutions for the Benney equation with Atangana-Baleanu fractional derivatives. The Atangana-Baleanu q-Elzaki homotopy analysis transform method is used to numerically solve this equation. This paper presents an investigation of the numerical solutions obtained using this technique. Furthermore, the proposed method has been subjected to numerical simulation using Maple software, considering different fractional orders.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Investigation of the adhesion properties of duplex coating on AZ91 alloy surface by MAO/HiPIMS-PVD methods
Kaplan, Emine Boynueğri; Şüküroğlu, Süleyman; Şüküroğlu, Ebru Emine
This study focuses on enhancing the surface properties and minimizing the mechanical incompatibility between the AZ91 magnesium alloy and the coating by applying CrAlYN/CrYN gradient coatings through the HiPIMS-PVD method, combined with the enlargement of a MgO intermediate layer via the Micro Arc Oxidation (MAO) method. The duplex coating approach was designed to strengthen adhesion and structural integrity between the substrate and the coating. Coating parameters for both MAO and HiPIMS-PVD processes were optimized using a Taguchi L4 orthogonal array, and the coatings were analyzed using SEM, EDS, XRD and scratch testing. MAO coatings exhibited porous and rough surfaces with volcanic morphologies. The best adhesion performance under MAO conditions was achieved with 650 V, 700 Hz, and a Type B solution, resulting in a critical load value of Lc₂ = 24 N. CrAlYN/CrYN gradient coatings alone showed coating thicknesses from 0.83 μm to 1.66 μm with compact and homogeneous microstructures. Adhesive strength was relatively low (Lc₂ = 5–10 N). In the duplex coating configuration, CrAlYN/CrYN coatings were deposited on the MAO-formed MgO layer, significantly increasing adhesion. Critical load values (Lc₂) ranged from 90 to 110 N, with the highest adhesion achieved under low CrY target voltage and current conditions. The findings demonstrate that the MAO/HiPIMS-PVD duplex coating method substantially improves adhesion and surface characteristics of AZ91 alloy, offering a promising solution for advanced surface engineering applications.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026The impact of addictive substances on employees’ job performance and workplace safety: A phenomenologi̇cal study
Doğan, Onur
This study aims to explore the impact of substance addiction on employees’ job performance and workplace safety through a phenomenological lens. The research focuses on how individuals with substance use disorders perceive their professional experiences, emotional states, and social interactions within the work environment. The study was designed using a qualitative phenomenological method. Semi-structured in depth interviews were conducted with 15 mining employees selected via criterion sampling. The participants, all of whom had a history of substance use, were interviewed across different regions in Turkey. Audio recorded interviews were transcribed and analyzed through thematic analysis. The study adhered to ethical standards and was reported according to the COREQ checklist. Three main themes and related subthemes emerged from the analysis: (1) The impact of substance use on job performance and safety attitudes; (2) Alienation and loss of professional identity in the workplace; and (3) Inner emotional challenges and individual coping strategies. Participants described cognitive difficulties, emotional exhaustion, increased workplace errors, weakened safety compliance, social isolation, and loss of belonging. Some individuals also reported efforts to recover and reestablish self control through personal strategies and peer support. The findings reveal that substance use significantly disrupts professional functionality, emotional stability, and organizational connectedness. The study emphasizes the need for empathy driven, context sensitive support strategies to improve employee well being and workplace safety. By bringing forward the lived experiences of affected workers, this research contributes valuable insights for developing preventive approaches and reinforcing safety culture within occupational settings.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Germination as a Pre-isolation Modification Method for Common Buckwheat Protein Isolate
Gülbahar, Esma; Tunç, Merve Tuğçe; Akdoğan, Arda; Baltacı, Cemalettin; Sarıcaoğlu, Furkan Türker; Parlak, Mahmut Ekrem; Aydın, Engin; Odabaş, Halil İbrahim
This study investigated germination as a pre-isolation modification method to enhance the techno-functional and nutritional properties of common buckwheat (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench) protein. Germination was conducted at two different temperatures (20 and 30 °C) for 24, 48, and 72 h, and isolated proteins were analyzed for their chemical, structural, and functional properties. Results showed that the highest protein yield was achieved at 30 °C for 24 h, though durations exceeding 48 h reduced purity. SDS-PAGE and FTIR analyses confirmed that endogenous protease activity degraded high-molecular-weight proteins and increasing random coil proportions, indicating partial unfolding. SEM imaging revealed that germination transformed the dense protein surface into a porous morphology. Increasing germination time and temperature led to decreased lightness (L*) and hue angle, along with moderate increases in redness (a*), indicating notable changes in the visual appearance of the protein isolates. DSC results showed a decrease in thermal stability (Td) due to structural changes. In addition, germination significantly improved solubility, emulsifying activity, foaming capacity, and water/oil absorption, particularly at the 24 h of germination. Most notably, germination at 30 °C for 24 h increased in vitro protein digestibility from 75.67 to 82.19%. The results show that the germination is a promising approach to enhance the functionality and digestibility of buckwheat protein for potential application in food industry.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Improving the hydrothermal reduced graphene oxide supercapacitor with heat-moisture-treated potato starch as binder
Daulay, Amru; Yassaroh, Yassaroh; Samada, Lukmanul Hakim; Amrulloh, M. Hanif; Kumaş, Cavit; Nariswari, Mentari Kirana; Putri, Devi Mariska; Chambioso, Yugo
Alternative binders that can be processed in water are still in the early stages of development for more efficient and sustainable supercapacitors. However, their electrochemical performance is still below average. This study uses heat-moisture-treated starch (starch HMT) as a binder for reduced graphene oxide (rGO) supercapacitors. Starch HMT has been fabricated at 120 °C. The XRD diffractogram exhibits peaks at 2θ angles of 15°, 17°, 22°, and 24°. The 2θ values indicate that potato starch is of type B. FTIR spectra show the formation of OH, C–O–C, C-O, C–O–C, and C-H bonds. SEM images show cracks in the morphology. Electrochemical testing shows a specific capacity of 230 F/g at a current density of 1 A/g. The charge–discharge stability of the electrodes at 5000 cycles is 90%. These results offer a framework for developing electrode materials and binders for supercapacitors.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Burned area detection using Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 features and analysis of ensemble models with explainable AI
Günen, Mehmet Akif; Türk, Salih
Wildfires are serious environmental disasters that threaten ecosystem sustainability, reduce biodiversity, and disrupt the global carbon cycle. This study aimed to improve the accuracy and interpretability of burned area mapping in the Bodrum, Köyceğiz, and Marmaris districts of Muğla province, Türkiye, by integrating multi-sensor satellite data with ensemble machine learning and explainable artificial intelligence (XAI). Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 imagery were processed to derive 50 optical and radar-based features, which were classified using four ensemble methods: AdaBoost.M1, Random Forest, GentleBoost, and RUSBoost. The SHapley Additive exPlanations framework was applied to quantify the contribution of each feature and guide feature selection. Results indicated that Sentinel-2 spectral indices, particularly NBR, NBRSWIR, and bands B12 and B8, were the most decisive variables for burned area classification, while Sentinel-1 features contributed less strongly overall but the IVH_ratio variable emerged as the most informative radar-based indicator. Among the classifiers, AdaBoost.M1 achieved the most stable and accurate performance, Random Forest showed strong sensitivity to spectral variability, GentleBoost performed effectively with reduced feature sets, and RUSBoost addressed class imbalance but showed weaker spatial continuity. Importantly, classification accuracy saturated after approximately 15 features, demonstrating that high accuracy can be achieved with fewer inputs and lower computational demand. Moreover, McNemar’s statistical test confirmed that the observed differences among classifiers were significant, highlighting GentleBoost’s clear superiority over other methods. Overall, the integration of optical and radar data with XAI provides a transparent, efficient, and replicable framework for operational burned area monitoring in Mediterranean ecosystems.
- Derleme MakaleAçık Erişim2026Postbiotics in Dairy: A Comprehensive Review of Applications and Health Impacts
Kaya, Yasemin; Aktaş, Haktan; Meral-Aktaş, Hacer; Ürkek, Bayram; Gürbüz-Kaçan, Zeynep; Çiftçi, Esengül; Erkaya-Kotan, Tuba; Şengül, Mustafa; Çetin, Bülent
Purpose of Review: This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of postbiotics—defined as non-viable microbial cells, cell components, and microbial metabolites—and their emerging role in dairy products. It focuses on their functional, technological, and health-promoting properties in various dairy matrices, including yoghurt, cheese, kefir, fermented milk, and ice cream. Additionally, the review highlights the potential of postbiotics as stable and safe alternatives to probiotics in the development of functional dairy foods. Recent Findings: Recent evidence demonstrates that postbiotics such as exopolysaccharides (EPS), bacteriocins, short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), bioactive peptides, and organic acids significantly enhance both the nutritional value and technological quality of dairy products. These compounds have been shown to improve texture, sensory attributes, shelf life, and microbial safety while exerting biological activities, including antimicrobial, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, and gut health–promoting effects. Compared with probiotics, postbiotics offer greater stability during processing and storage as well as reduced safety concerns, particularly for vulnerable populations. Summary: Postbiotics represent a promising strategy for advancing functional and sustainable dairy products by combining health benefits with technological improvements. Their applications in functional food formulation, biopreservation, and bioactive compound delivery are rapidly expanding. However, challenges remain regarding standardised production processes, accurate quantification of bioactive components, and clinical validation of health claims. Future research should focus on optimising postbiotic production and strengthening evidence for their physiological effects to support their broader incorporation into next-generation dairy products.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Microwave-assisted green synthesis of gold nanoparticles using MAE-derived aqueous Rubuscaesius L. Fruit extract: characterization and UV–Vis spectral stability
Serdar, Gönül; Serdaroğlu, Vildan; Keşi̇r, Melek Koç; Kokoç, Memnune; Terzi̇oğlu, Salih
Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) were synthesized through a microwave-assisted green route using an MAE-derived aqueous Rubus caesius L. fruit extract as a natural reducing and stabilizing medium. The effects of precursor concentration, extract volume, and microwave power were systematically evaluated within the tested experimental range. The combination of 0.075 mM HAuCl₄0.3 H₂O, 0.4 mL fruit extract, and 180 W microwave irradiation produced the most distinct and symmetric surface plasmon resonance response. FT-IR analysis suggested that oxygen-containing functional groups in the extract may have contributed to Au³⁺ reduction and AuNP surface stabilization. TEM analysis revealed spherical, triangular, and hexagonal nanoparticles with an average core size of 11.6 ± 3.2 nm. DLS showed a hydrodynamic diameter of 71.92 ± 4.12 nm and a polydispersity index of 0.425, while the near-neutral zeta potential indicated limited colloidal stability. UV–Vis monitoring showed that the RC-AuNPs largely retained their spectral characteristics for up to 45 days. The synthesized nanoparticles exhibited a core size comparable to previously reported Rubus-mediated AuNPs. The specific contribution of this study is the use of an MAE-derived aqueous R. caesius L. fruit extract together with the systematic evaluation of key synthesis parameters affecting AuNP formation, optical response, and colloidal behavior.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Layered Polymeric Carbon Nitride as a Green Support for Cellulase Immobilization: Improved Stability, Activity, and Reusability
Gulesci, Nuri; Altan, Orhan; Toprak, Ali; Yalçın, M. Serkan; Bilgin, Ramazan; Yildirim, Deniz
Polymeric carbon nitride (PCN) has attracted considerable attention in recent years due to its layered structure and donor groups such as terminal amines and triazine units. In this study, PCN was synthesized from melamine and employed for the first time as a support material for the immobilization of cellulase, a key enzyme used in numerous industrial applications. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis revealed that ranged from 219 to 375 nm in size, thereby confirming their nanoscale layered morphology. Cellulase from Aspergillus sp. was immobilized onto PCN using three methods. In the first approach, cellulase was adsorbed onto PCN to form PCN@cellulase. In the second method, PCN@cellulase was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde (PCN@cellulase/Glu). Finally, the primary amino group of PCN was modified with glutaraldehyde, and the cellulase was immobilized onto this support via covalent attachment (PCN/Glu@cellulase). Each cellulase preparation was assessed for its optimal pH, temperature conditions, thermal stability, and enzyme kinetics. The optimal pH was 5.5 for all cellulase preparations, while the optimal temperature was 45 °C for free cellulase and 55 °C for all immobilized cellulase preparations. Thermal stability of PCN@cellulase, PCN@cellulase/Glu, and PCN/Glu@cellulase increased by 2.1-, 2.7-, and 3.7-fold, respectively, compared to the free cellulase. PCN/Glu@cellulase showed a 1.4-fold higher catalytic efficiency than the free cellulase and retained 80% of its initial activity after 10 reuses. This work highlights PCN as a green, metal-free, and easy-to-prepare support for enzyme immobilization, thereby opening new possibilities for sustainable bioprocessing applications.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026A Dense and Sparse Attention in Vision Transformer for Remote Sensing Image Classification
Celik, Kemal
Satellite imagery plays a crucial role in various applications, such as environmental monitoring, urban planning, and disaster response. Previously, Convolutional neural networks have played a crucial role in improving remote sensing scene classification by effectively capturing spatial features. However, they often struggle with long-range dependencies and complex spectral patterns in satellite images. Recently, transformer-based architectures, initially designed for natural language processing, have been adopted in computer vision to leverage self-attention mechanisms for capturing long-range dependencies. To effectively extract the long-range dependencies and complex patterns, this paper proposes a novel method combining dense and sparse attention mechanisms to enhance remote sensing scene classification in different scales. The dense attention mechanisms capture comprehensive connections within satellite images, followed by sparse attention mechanisms applied at both tile and patch scale levels. This multi-scale attention strategy allows the model to efficiently focus on important spatial and spectral features while managing computational complexity. Extensive experimental evaluations on three benchmark datasets, such as Merced, AID, and Optimal-31, demonstrate significant improvements in classification accuracy, achieving 98.9, 97.5, and 97.8, respectively. Experimental results show that the proposed framework outperforms CNN and Transformer baselines, enhancing the accuracy and robustness of remote sensing scene classification for geospatial analysis.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Modulation of Hot Pepper Pungency by Melt Dispersion Encapsulation: Role of Wax Type on Microcapsule Structure, Bioactive Compound Content, and Antioxidant Activity
İncegül, Yasemin; Berktaş, Serap; Çam, Mustafa
In this study, it was aimed to suppress pungency and obtain a new product by using carnauba, beeswax, and their mixture in the encapsulation of hot pepper oleoresin. Melt dispersion technique was used in production and physical, chemical, and structural analyzes of the obtained capsules were examined. The suppression of the pungency sensation was determined by sensory analysis, and it was determined that the beeswax-based capsule (BW50) was the most effective formulation in suppressing pungency perception (0.83). When looking at the sensory and Scoville Heat Units (SHU) results, there is a parallelism, and it can be stated that the pungency sensation is suppressed. The highest encapsulation efficiency values were observed in CW20 (91.92%), BW20 (90.69%), BC20 (86.92%), and CW30 (86.49%) capsules. When capsule bioactivities were examined, beeswax capsules showed the highest values, while carnauba wax capsules generally showed the lowest values. As expected, as the amount of oleoresin in the capsules increased, the capsules exhibited higher phenolic, flavonoid, carotenoid, and antioxidant activity scores. SEM, FT-IR, and TGA determined that the encapsulation process did not cause any adverse structural reactions in oleoresin. This study broadened the potential application of encapsulated hot pepper oleoresin in food formulations, particularly in functional foods and products intended for consumers sensitive to pungency, by converting it into a more tolerable form.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Green Synthesis of Multifunctional Ag/ZnO Nanoparticles Using Vitis labrusca L. Extract: Bioactivity, Malachite Green Adsorption, and HMF Removal
Hammoudeh, Rama; Bozbeyoğlu, Pınar; Karpuz, Ömer; Gül, Abdulkadir; Ejder, Nebahat; Baltacı, Cemalettin
In this study, Ag/ZnO nanoparticles (Ag/ZnO NPs) were synthesized via a green route using Vitis labrusca L. extract and evaluated for their bioactive, environmental performance. BM-1 and BM-2 were prepared under different precursor/extract ratios and pH conditions to assess the influence of synthesis parameters. UV–Vis, FT-IR, XRD, HRTEM, DSC, and EDX analyses indicated the successful formation of Ag/ZnO nanostructures with distinct physicochemical features. HRTEM analysis determined that BM-1 exhibited an average particle diameter of 23.18 ± 11.84 nm, while BM-2 demonstrated a mean size of 6.14 ± 1.30 nm. The corresponding relative size-dispersion values were 0.261 for BM-1 and 0.045 for BM-2, indicating a more uniform particle size distribution for BM-2. Antioxidant assays showed that BM-2 exhibited the strongest overall antioxidant performance in DPPH, ABTS•⁺, Fe3+, and Cu2+ assays. Both NPs exhibited antibacterial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria and showed stronger effects than the grape extract alone. Cytotoxicity assays revealed dose-dependent inhibition in A549 and HeLa cancer cells, while lower toxicity was observed in normal ARPE-19 cells, suggesting cell-type-dependent biological response. In adsorption experiments, the NPs effectively removed malachite green, with isotherm analysis providing stronger support for the Langmuir model for BM-1 and comparable Langmuir and Freundlich fits for BM-2, while the pseudo-second-order model provided the best description of the adsorption kinetics. The maximum dye adsorption capacities were 85.5 mg/g for BM-1 and 101.3 mg/g for BM-2. Under optimum conditions (5.0 g/L NPs, 240 min), the highest HMF removal efficiencies reached 44.49% for BM-2 in standard aqueous solutions, whereas competitive matrix interactions in apple juice limited the maximum efficiency to 29.27%. Overall, this study highlights the value of integrating green synthesis, bioactivity, dye adsorption, and food-related contaminant removal within a single Ag/ZnO nanoplatform.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Nicotinamide complexes of metal(II) furan-2-carboxylates: synthesis, determination of crystal structures, Hirshfeld surface analysis, and in vitro and in silico evaluation of inhibitory properties on CA I, CA II, AChE, BChE, and GR enzymes
Nar, Merve; Senturk, Murat; Kaya, Afşin Ahmet; Öztürkkan, Füreya Elif; Kaya, Elif Çelenk; Şahin, Ertan
In this study, nicotinamide complexes of Cu2⁺, Co2⁺, and Zn2⁺ furan-2-carboxylates were synthesized, and the crystal structures of the complexes were characterized by single crystal X-ray diffraction. The chemical composition and functional groups of the complexes were confirmed using elemental analysis, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), ultraviolet–visible region (UV–Vis) spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry (MS). Hirshfeld surface analysis detailed the intermolecular interactions present in the crystal structures of the complexes. The complexes feature a central six-coordinate ion (Cu2⁺, Co2⁺, or Zn2⁺) located on an inversion center, which is bonded to two N atoms from nicotinamide and four O atoms from water molecules. There is a furan 2-carboxylate anion that is not coordinated with metal atoms but links to complex structures via hydrogen bonds. Within the scope of biochemical studies, the inhibitory effects of the synthesized complexes on acetylcholinesterase (AChE), butyrylcholinesterase (BChE), carbonic anhydrase I and II (hCA I, hCA II), and glutathione reductase (GR) enzymes were investigated by spectrophotometric methods. It was determined that the complexes, especially Complex 2, exhibited strong enzyme inhibition properties. Molecular docking analyses revealed the binding tendencies and binding energies of the complexes to the active sites of the enzymes. Complex 2 has a high binding affinity with AChE, BChE, hCA I, hCA II, and GR enzymes, and these bindings were supported by hydrogen bonds and π-π interactions. ADMET predictions showed that the complexes have toxicologically safe profiles despite their pharmacokinetic limitations, such as low gastrointestinal absorption and inability to cross the blood–brain barrier. It was determined that the risks of hepatotoxicity, carcinogenicity, immunotoxicity, and mutagenicity were low. As a result, these metal complexes are evaluated as potential therapeutic agents in the treatment of diseases such as Alzheimer’s disease, glaucoma, epilepsy, malaria, and cancer. The data obtained in this study emphasize the biological activities and pharmacological potential of the complexes, and it is recommended that they be supported by future in vivo studies.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Purity of Density Operators for Non-Orthogonal Quantum States with Bounds and Applications to Quantum Fisher Information
Amirov, Orhan; Celik, Necati; Karabacak, Mesut
In this study, we investigate the purity of density operators constructed from non-orthogonal quantum states. Starting from a general statistical mixture of normalized states, we derive an explicit expression for the purity in terms of the associated probability distribution and the pairwise overlaps between the states, quantified by |⟨ψi|ψj⟩|2. This formulation clearly separates the contributions arising from classical probability weights and quantum interference effects induced by non-orthogonality. To further analyze the impact of state overlaps, we introduce an average overlap quantity that captures the global contribution of non-orthogonal components. Based on this representation, we establish upper bounds for the purity using both global and local overlap parameters. In particular, we show that the purity can be effectively controlled by the maximum pairwise overlap, eliminating the need to compute all individual inner products explicitly. A refined bound is also obtained by incorporating local overlap measures, leading to a tighter characterization of the system. In addition, we develop a general framework connecting overlap-based purity bounds with quantum Fisher information (QFI) in parameter-dependent quantum systems. We show that the overlap structure can be used to indirectly control and estimate the behavior of QFI, especially in cases where direct spectral analysis is not tractable. The applicability of the proposed approach is demonstrated through an explicit example involving non-orthogonal qubit states. These results provide a practical framework for estimating the mixedness of quantum states and offer useful insights into the interplay between non-orthogonality, purity, and quantum Fisher information in quantum information theory.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Potentially Toxic Metal Levels in Cheeses Produced in Türkiye: Regional Variation, Milk Source, Ripening Stage, Production Type, and Associated Dietary Exposure and Health Risk
Gürmeriç, Hüseyin Ender; Şengül, Mustafa; Basaran, Burhan
This study investigated potentially toxic metal (PTM) levels in cheeses produced in different regions of Türkiye and evaluated the associated dietary exposure and non-carcinogenic health risk. A total of 84 cheese samples were collected from seven geographical regions and classified according to milk source, ripening stage, and production type. After microwave-assisted acid digestion, PTM levels were quantified by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), and exposure and non-carcinogenic risk were evaluated using Estimated Daily Intake (EDI), Target Hazard Quotient (THQ), and Hazard Index (HI). Aluminium (Al), iron (Fe), and zinc (Zn) ranged from <0.00215 to 7.29,<0.00769 to 38.8, and 0.68 to 56.6 mg/kg wet weight, respectively, whereas chromium (Cr), nickel (Ni), copper (Cu), selenium (Se), cadmium (Cd), and lead (Pb) ranged from <0.58 to 244, <1.26 to 369, <1.88 to 4067, <0.91 to 1378, <0.06 to 12.3, and <2.19 to 1754 µg/kg wet weight, respectively. Values marked with “<” represent concentrations below the limit of quantification (LOQ). Arsenic (As) was not detected in any sample. Significant differences were observed for selected PTMs according to ripening stage, milk source, production type, and region (p<0.05). The toxicological contribution (TC) values for nutritional PTM exposure were low. THQ and HI values remained below 1, suggesting a low overall non-carcinogenic risk; however, Pb exceedances in some samples indicate the need for continued PTM monitoring.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Beeswax Waste-Derived Pyrolysis Liquid as a Novel Multifunctional Bioactive Fraction: An Integrated Chemical and Biological Evaluation
Gül, Abdulkadir
In this study, beeswax waste, a low-value by-product of apiculture, was converted into a liquid fraction with bioactive potential through pyrolysis-assisted thermochemical transformation. The LC–MS/MS-based chemical profile, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), antioxidant responses, and antibacterial, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory, and anticholinesterase activities of beeswax waste pyrolysis liquid (BWPL) were investigated. The TPC and TFC values were determined as 95.30 ± 1.13 mg GAE/L and 51.67 ± 1.12 mg QE/L, respectively. LC–MS/MS analysis revealed benzoic acid and vanillin as the predominant compounds, along with various phenolic acids and flavonoid derivatives. BWPL showed 51.83 ± 1.51% inhibition in the ABTS•⁺ assay and 9.71 ± 0.28% inhibition in the DPPH assay. It also exhibited measurable redox capacity in Fe3+ and Cu2+ reducing power assays. In antibacterial assays, BWPL produced inhibition zones against all tested strains at 1 mg/mL and against E. coli and E. faecalis at 500 µg/mL. The IC50 values of BWPL for 5-LOX and α-glucosidase were 38.17 µg/mL and 1503.0 µg/mL, respectively. In addition, the IC50 values for AChE and BChE were calculated as 112.38 ± 0.87 mg/mL and 13.01 ± 0.42 mg/mL, respectively. PCA and correlation analyses indicated the multidimensional relationships between the LC–MS/MS-based chemical profile and biological activities. Overall, the pyrolytic conversion of beeswax waste into a chemically complex liquid fraction provides a preliminary scientific basis for waste valorization and for further investigation of pyrolysis-derived bioactive fractions.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Improved generalized ratio estimators of population mean using auxiliary variables
Yadav, Subhash Kumar; Arya, Diksha; Sharma, Prayas; Zaman, Tolga
The Quest for the improved estimators of population mean is a continuous process to estimate it more efficiently and more closely to the true population mean of the study variable. There are various estimators of population mean in the literature, which estimate it efficiently, but still there is space for more efficient estimators. For improved estimation of population mean of primary variable, we suggest six different searls type ratio estimators utilizing the known auxiliary parameters. We derive the expressions for the biases and the mean squared errors of the introduced estimators for an approximation of degree one. The optimal values of the Searls characterizing constants, which minimize the mean squared errors of the introduced estimators, are obtained. The least value of the mean squared error of the proposed estimators for these optimal values of the characterizing scalars is also acquired. The efficiency of the proposed estimators is compared theoretically with the competing estimators of population mean through their mean squared errors. We derive the efficiency conditions of the proposed estimator for which it is more efficient than the estimators of population mean in competition. These efficiency conditions of the proposed estimators are verified through empirical data and the improvement over the competing estimators is calculated based on the minimum values of the mean squared errors. It is evident from the numerical study that the proposed estimator has the least mean squared error and the highest percentage relative efficiency in comparison to competing estimators. Thus, the proposed estimators are recommended for applications in different areas of applications.