Investigation of antibiofilm and biological activities of Vaccinium arctostaphylos L.

This study investigated the total phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant, antimicrobial, antibiofilm and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of methanol extract from Vaccinium arctostaphylos L. leaf and fruit parts. The highest antioxidant activity with 53 µM TEAC and 0.0084 mg/mL SC50 using the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assays, respectively determined in leaf part. The data indicated that the leaf of the plant had the higher total phenolic content (49 µg/mL GAE) and total flavonoid content (0.071 µg/mL QAE) compared to fruit. The α-glucosidase enzyme activity of the leaves (0.179 mg/mL IC₅₀) was observed to be higher than that of the fruits (0.386 mg/mL IC₅₀). The MIC values of the leaf and fruit parts of blueberry were 6.25 mg/ml and 3.125 mg/ml, respectively. The results of this study indicate that the leaf extract was found to significantly reduce the biofilm-forming capacity of the Acinetobacter baumannii isolate by approximately 3-fold, whereas the fruit extract was observed to have only a marginal effect, reducing the biofilm-forming capacity by approximately 1.4-fold. The effects of plant extracts on microbial biofilms may be examined with a view to combating antibiotic resistance. Also results suggesting that it might be an effective and safety medical plant to prevent or treat diseases associated with oxidative damage and bacterial infections. Consequently, further research on natural substances may lead to the development of treatment options.