Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Gender Analysis in the Islamic Law-Based Ecofeminism Movement for Ecosystem Protection
Malik, Ihyani; Karimullah, Suud Sarim; Okur, Hüseyin; Rahman
The ecological crisis reflects the failure of ethical relations between humans, nature, and power structures, thus demanding a review of the paradigm of domination that underlies these relations. This study analyzed how the principles of Islamic law can be integrated with the ideas of ecofeminism to create more inclusive and sustainable environmental policies. The study used an intersectional approach with comprehensive literature analysis and gender analysis frameworks to understand how social identity affects women's participation in ecofeminism and environmental protection based on Islamic law principles. The results of the study state that the integration of the principles of ecofeminism and Islamic law has excellent potential to create fair and sustainable environmental policies based on justice (‘adl), balance (mizan), and responsibility (khalifah). The concept of khalifah affirms the role of humans as custodians of the earth, provides a theological reason to support environmental conservation and inspires collective responsibility, including the role of women as essential agents. Programs that give women access to land and natural resources increase their participation in agriculture and environmental management, reduce poverty, and strengthen their role as agents of change. However, challenges such as resistance from patriarchal communities, lack of financial and technical support, and the need for ongoing education and training must be overcome. Technology also plays a crucial role in supporting inclusive and sustainable environmental policies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Eco-Apartheid: Unpacking Environmental Injustice and its Impact on Human Rights
Purba, Tumian Lian Daya; Karimullah, Suud Sarim; Palit, Silvester Magnus Loogman
This study comprehensively examines how existing environmental policies often exacerbate social inequality and neglect the rights of vulnerable communities, particularly minorities, indigenous peoples, and those living below the poverty line. This study adopts a library research method, exploring the concept of eco-apartheid and its implications for human rights through an integrated literature review, combined with a content analysis approach. The results of this study confirm that eco-apartheid reflects structural injustices that violate human rights, particularly the right to a clean and healthy environment. Land grabbing, exploitation of natural resources, and urban segregation widen ecological and social inequalities, which are exacerbated by weak law enforcement and the dominance of corporate interests. The right to a decent and healthy environment has been recognised in international law proceedings, such as UN Resolution No. 76/300 of 2022, the 1972 Stockholm Declaration, and the 1992 Rio Declaration. In the ASEAN region, exclusive development has marginalised poor communities and reinforced eco-apartheid, necessitating a new legal paradigm that places the environment as a subject of human rights protection, with the application of various principles of precaution and vigilance, transparent policy reform, and protection for environmental defenders. Ecologically, just legal excellence is critical for eliminating eco-apartheid and guaranteeing every individual's right to a safe, fair, and sustainable environment.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Climatic Niche Divergence and Conservatism Promote Speciation in Snake-Eyed Skinks (Sauria: Scincidae): New Insight into the Evolution and Diversification of Ablepharus Species
Vaissi, Somaye; Kurnaz, Muammer; Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat; Hernandez, Axel
The degree to which closely related species conserve or diverge in their niche characteristics may provide insight into evolutionary and diversification processes, as well as some understanding of broad-scale biogeographic patterns. In this study, we used an ensemble of 10 algorithms to predict the distributions of 12 Ablepharus species in geographical (G)-space for the recent time and the future (2081–2100) climate conditions. Niche overlap, equivalency, and similarity tests in environmental (E)-space were used to test niche divergence and conservatism. The consensus model showed that temperature seasonality (n = 6) and annual precipitation (n = 3) were the major factors predicting the distribution of 75% (9 out of 12) of the species. The ensemble models based on ssp585 predict that 83.33% of the species (n = 10) may have contracted their ranges, especially at lower altitudes along their southern margins. They may have also expanded northward during this period. However, in the ssp126, most species’ distribution ranges may remain unchanged despite contractions and expansions. Based on multivariate niche analyses, the distributions of 28 and 11 paired comparisons explored in this study significantly diverged and conserved. We found that closely related species inhabit different habitats and respond to their climatic characteristics, indicating that ecology has a significant influence on speciation.
- Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2022Türkiye'de atık yönetimi konusunda uygulanan mali tedbirlerin analizi
Melek Tunç
Hızlı nüfus artışı, aşırı büyüme, sanayileşme, kentleşme ile üretim ve tüketim alışkanlıklarında meydana gelen değişimlerin sebebiyet verdiği çevre kirliliği sorunlarından birini miktar ve içerik açısından farklılık gösteren, kontrolsüz şekilde artan atıklar oluşturmaktadır. Atıklar çeşitli boyutlarda insan yaşamına ve doğaya zarar vermektedir. Bu zararların önlenebilmesi atık yönetimini zorunlu kılmıştır. Atıkların yönetiminde başarının sağlanabilmesi adına uygulanacak hukuki ve teknik birçok önlem olup, bu önlemlerden birini de mali tedbirler oluşturmaktadır. Atık yönetiminde mali tedbirler atıkların oluşumunu önleme, oluşan atıkların toplanma, geri dönüşüm/ geri kazanım ve bertaraf işlem maliyetlerinin düşürülebilmesi ve atıkların ekonomik değerlerinin kaybedilmemesi bakımından önem arz etmektedir. Türkiye'de atık yönetimine ilişkin birçok çalışma mevcut olmakla birlikte doğrudan atık yönetimi konusunda yer alan mali tedbirlere ilişkin yapılmış çalışmalar sınırlı düzeydedir ve güncel değildir. Ayrıca yapılan çalışmalarda genel anlamda yalnızca tek bir uygulama veya tedbire odaklanılmıştır. Bu çalışmanın amacını Türkiye'de atık yönetimi konusunda uygulanan mali tedbirlerin analizi oluşturmaktadır. Çalışma kapsamında, atık yönetiminde yer alan mali tedbirler sınıflandırılmış ve her bir mali tedbir, genelde Avrupa Birliği ve önemli ülke uygulamaları, özelde ise Türkiye dikkate alınarak sayısal verilere yer verilerek teorik olarak ayrıntılı bir şekilde incelenmiştir. İnceleme sonucunda Türkiye'nin atık yönetimi konusundaki mali tedbirlerinin mevcut durumu ortaya konularak önerilerde bulunulmuştur.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in karagöl lake in karagöl-Sahara national park (Şavşat, Artvin, Turkey)
Akar, Bülent; Şahin, Bülent
The main goal of this study is to determine the composition, diversity and ecology of benthic diatoms in Karagöl Lake in Karagöl-Sahara National Park. Monthly sampling (from sediments, stones and aquatic plants in littoral zone of the lake) taken in three consecutive years revealed 57 diatom taxa with Gomphonema and Pinnularia being the most abundant species while other genera are represented with three or fewer species. Lindavia ocellata was the most dominant taxon in the samplings examined throughout the whole study. The values of diversity and evenness indices are high during the spring and early summer. Based on cluster analysis for monthly samples of epipelic diatom, there are two different groups at the lowest similarity level. The associations between August 2010 and September 2010 months are the most significant with 86.02%. The organism number of epipelic diatoms showed positive correlation (P<0.01) with dissolved oxygen, while negative correlation (P<0.05) with temperature. Detailed floristic and ecological examination of the benthic diatom communities has not been carried out before this study in this lake. Therefore, this study is the first to our knowledge towards revealing aquatic benthic diatom biodiversity of Karagöl-Sahara National Park and provides basis for future investigations.
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Ecological and economical advantages of solar water heating systems used by forest villagers in Gumushane, Turkey
Çakir, Günay
Clean and safety energies are crucial for our world energy requirements. Therefore, the environmental awareness on the topic will also increase the use of clean energy especially in rural and urban areas. A solar energy water heater solar system is one of the clean energy systems and has the best environmental impact in the region. This study concentrates on analyzing the solar energy heater systems having ecological impacts and economical advantages used by 891 single forest villagers in Gumushane province. Average energy saving were calculated for monthly and yearly for the families use solar heating water systems. Thus, we came to the conclusion of that it is highly important economically and ecologically having advantage of solar energy water heater systems for Gumushane province. The results of this study can be summarized as followings solar water heating systems; a) reduce the rate of burning wood and carbon emission, b) save 75 kW electric energy, c) total wood saved 1291.5 m3 and d) 1635 $/year for per forest villager house.