Yazarlar
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2CsPbBr3 single-crystal growth by temperature-lowering method as a case study for EGS4 benchmarking against commercial radiation detectors
Akbulut Özen, Songül; Özen, Murat; Çelik, Necati
CsPbBr3 single-crystals were synthesized using a hydrobromic acid–based temperature-lowering method, and their structural and optical properties were confirmed by XRD, DSC, and UV–Vis analyses. A solubility curve was established to optimize growth conditions, enabling enlargement of the seeded crystals. The radiation detection potential of CsPbBr3 was evaluated using EGS4 Monte Carlo simulations across photon energies ranging from 10 keV to 1 MeV. Simulated full-energy peak efficiencies and resolution values were compared with conventional detectors (Si(Li), NaI, and HPGe) and with alternative perovskite derivatives (CH3NH3PbBr3, Cs4PbBr6, CsPb2Br5). CsPbBr3 exhibited efficiency scaling with detector volume and resolution behavior consistent with the statistical 1/√E dependence typical of direct-gap semiconductors. While HPGe maintained superior intrinsic resolution, CsPbBr3 offered promising room-temperature performance without cryogenic requirements. These results demonstrate that the temperature-lowering method provides a viable route to scalable CsPbBr3 single-crystals and confirm their potential as cost-effective, high-Z semiconductor detectors for X- and γ-ray applications. The findings establish a foundation for the further optimization of perovskite-based radiation detection technologies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ3Enhancing precision of low-cost detectors via machine learning for accurate mass attenuation coefficient estimation
Düzgün, İ.; Küçük, M.A.; Kaya, S.; Çelik, N.
Low-cost NaI(Tl) detectors are practical for gamma-ray spectrometry but their limited energy resolution can introduce systematic errors in mass attenuation coefficient measurements when scattered photons are included in the peak region. This study proposes a machine-learning correction framework that maps NaI(Tl)-derived attenuation coefficients to XCOM-based HPGe-equivalent reference values through a dimensionless correction factor. An EGS4/XCOM dataset of 756 model-development configurations, covering 18 atomic numbers, six monoenergetic photon energies, and seven collimator radii, was used to train twelve regression models and evaluate them over 60 randomized train–validation–test cycles. Sodium and Bismuth were withheld for external material-wise validation. Gaussian Process Regression with a Matérn 5/2 kernel provided the best overall testing performance. For the withheld materials, the correction reduced the mean deviation from XCOM references from 3.07% to 0.83%, supporting its use as a practical correction layer for low-cost attenuation measurements.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ2A combined Monte Carlo, analytical, and experimental study of true coincidence summing correction factors for 152Eu
Çelik, Necati; Ali, Ahmed H.; Apaydin, Gokhan; Çevik, Ugur; Açikel, Selami
The radionuclide 152Eu presents a significant challenge in gamma-ray spectrometry due to its complex decay scheme and significant true coincidence summing (TCS) effects, especially in close-measurement geometries. This study presents a comprehensive investigation into TCS correction factors for the principal gamma-ray lines of 152Eu using tripartite methodology: a custom Monte Carlo (MC) simulation based on the EGS4 system, an established analytical method, and direct experimental measurements. The MC simulation explicitly models the complete decay process, including branching ratios, gamma emissions, internal conversion, and subsequent X-ray emissions for both decay branches (beta-minus to 152Gd and EC to 152Sm). Experimentally, correction factors were derived using a well-characterized point source measured at multiple distances with a coaxial HPGe detector. The analytical, method based on probabilistic analysis of the decay scheme, served as an examination. Results demonstrate that the analytical method underestimated the TCS correction factors, particularly for low-energy lines such as 121.78 keV, where it predicted a mere 0.78 % correction compared to 25.5 and 23.5 % from MC and experiment, respectively. This discrepancy is attributed to the analytical method's neglect of gamma-X ray coincidences and the internal conversion effects. In contrast, the MC simulation showed remarkable agreement with experimental results across all energies, validating its capability to accurately model the full complexity of TCS effects. The study concludes that while analytical methods offer rapid estimates, MC simulations, especially when experimentally validated, are essential for achieving metrological accuracy in the gamma-ray spectrometric analysis of complex radionuclides like 152Eu.
AtıfScopus1WoS1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ3A comprehensive analysis of the effect of BaO incorporation on Gamma-Ray attenuation characteristics in SiO₂-B₂O₃-SrO-ZrO₂ glass systems
Kaya, Selim
This work presents an analysis of the effect of BaO incorporation on the gamma-ray attenuation properties of systematically evaluated SiO₂-B₂O₃-SrO-ZrO₂ glass matrices. Radiation shielding parameters determined using XCOM and EGS4 calculation codes were compared. There was an increase in glass density from 5.84 g/cm3 to 6.32 g/cm3 when the BaO content rose from roughly 10% to 40%. Using sophisticated WinXCom and EGS-4 calculations, the mass attenuation values (µ/ρ) of BaO doped SiO₂-B₂O₃-SrO-ZrO₂ glass systems (abbreviated BaSiBSZ) were found. This study systematically and thoroughly evaluated the effect of BaO integration on the radiation shielding capabilities of the glass system over a wide range of gamma-ray photon energies, specifically between 59.5 keV and 1332 keV. Initially, HVL (half-value layer) and MFP (mean free path) values were derived from the calculated mass attenuation coefficients. The evaluation of several crucial shielding parameters, including RPE, Zeff, ΣR, and kγ, came next. The steady reduction of SrO oxide concentration and substitution of BaO in BaSiSBZ glass systems resulted in notable modifications in radiation protection properties. The BaSiBSZ glass systems showed a similar decrease in both HVL and MFP at a constant energy level as the BaO doping concentration was progressively raised. Concurrently, a notable enhancement was noted in RPE, Zeff, ΣR, and kγ coefficients. The results demonstrate that higher BaO concentrations greatly enhance the material's radiation-shielding capabilities, enhancing both photon and neutron attenuation and bolstering the overall performance of the glass system.
AtıfScopus8WoS8OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2015Scopus SJRQ2Building-up a code for the purpose of TRUE coincidence summing correction in gamma-ray spectrometry with EGS4
Celik, Necati; Altin, Duygu; Cevik, Ugur
In the presented study, a code was created for the purpose of true coincidence summing (TCS) correction factors for 134Cs. The created code was implemented in EGS4 Monte Carlo simulation package. TCS factors were determined for nine different energies for different detector-source geometries. The calculated results were successfully validated by an empirical method using a point 134Cs radioactive source and a p-type HPGe detector having 55% relative efficiency. Although the code created gives TCS factors only for 134Cs, the technique presented can be used to obtain the factors for any radionuclide used in gamma-ray spectrometry.
AtıfScopus5WoS4OpenAlex4İncele