Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Akpinar, Adem(4)
- Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan(3)
- Özger, Mehmet(2)
- Aksoy, Metin(1)
- Anılan, Tugce(1)
- Aras, Egemen(1)
- Baltaş, Hasan(1)
- Bayrak, Esra Yılmaz(1)
- Berkun, Mehmet(1)
- Cavdar, Ismail Hakki(1)
- Doğru, Fikret(1)
- Eyuboglu, Ekrem(1)
- Hasirci Tugcu, Zeynep(1)
- Kurnaz, Muammer(1)
- Kuzulugil, Kenan(1)
- Kömürcü, Murat I.hsan(1)
- Limon, Elif Gürdal(1)
- Limon, Onur(1)
- Maden, Nafiz(1)
- Tanir Kayıkçı, E.(1)
- Tanır Kayıkçı, Emine(1)
- Yanchukov, Alexey(1)
- Yavuzdoğan, A.(1)
- Yavuzdoğan, Ahmet(1)
- Yilmaz, Ozgur(1)
- van Vledder, Gerbrant Ph.(1)
- Çetintaş, Ortaç(1)
- Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat(1)
- Şirin, Murat(1)
Yayınlar
- MakaleYalnız künye2025A record of the Lebanese Lizard (Phoenicolacerta laevis) in northern Türkiye: Evidence of possible human-mediated dispersal
Şahin, Mehmet Kürşat; Çetintaş, Ortaç; Yanchukov, Alexey; Kurnaz, Muammer
The Lebanese Lizard (Phoenicolacerta laevis), primarily native to the Levant region, has recently been discovered in isolated populations well beyond its known distribution. This study presents the first confirmed record of P. laevis along the Black Sea coast of northern Türkiye, specifically in the city of Karadeniz Ereğli, Zonguldak Province. Mitochondrial cytochrome b (cyt b) sequence analyses revealed a high degree of genetic similarity (>99%) between the Karadeniz Ereğli specimens and those from both Andırın, Kahramanmaraş (within the species' native range in southern Türkiye) and Anaklia on Georgia's Black Sea coast, suggesting a shared origin. We propose that the presence of P. laevis in Karadeniz Ereğli is likely the result of human-mediated introduction, possibly via maritime trade, as the lizards were found restricted to the walls of a single building near a major port. A comparable introduction scenario has previously been suggested for the Anaklia population. The highly localized occurrence and absence of the species in neighboring areas indicate a recent introduction; however, the factors inhibiting further spread within the urban landscape remain unclear. This finding contributes to the broader understanding of species distribution dynamics and underscores the significant role of anthropogenic activity in facilitating the range expansion of non-native reptiles.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Advancing sea level anomaly modeling in the black sea with LSTM Auto-Encoders: A novel approach
Yavuzdoğan, A.; Tanir Kayıkçı, E.
Rising sea levels pose significant risks to coastal communities and ecosystems. Accurate modeling of sea level changes is crucial for effective environmental management and disaster mitigation. Machine learning methods are emerging as an important asset in improving sea level predictions and understanding the impacts of climate change. Especially, Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) models have emerged as a powerful tool for sea level anomaly modeling, but there is an increasing need for more advanced models in this area. This study enhances existing methodologies by introducing a novel approach using an LSTM Auto-Encoder model, designed to compress input data into a lower-dimensional latent space before reconstructing it, thereby capturing complex temporal dependencies and anomalies effectively. We compared LSTM Auto-Encoder model performance with that of a Stacked LSTM network, which learns complex temporal patterns through multiple layers, and a traditional damped-persistence statistical model. Our results demonstrate that the LSTM Auto-Encoder model not only outperformed these models in predicting sea level anomalies across various lead times but also exhibited superior generalization capabilities across both satellite altimeter and in-situ data. These findings highlight the potential of the LSTM Auto-Encoder model as a powerful tool in coastal management and climate change studies, underscoring the critical role of advanced machine learning techniques in enhancing our predictive abilities and informing disaster preparedness strategies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Modified REL-Based Piecewise Path Loss Modeling Approach for Shore-to-Ship Communication at 5.6 GHz
Eyuboglu, Ekrem; Hasirci Tugcu, Zeynep; Kuzulugil, Kenan; Cavdar, Ismail Hakki
The need for reliable and uninterrupted communication systems in the marine environment has become critically important with increasing maritime activities, environmental monitoring, and the spread of autonomous systems. However, the complex structure of electromagnetic wave propagation in a sea environment limits the accuracy of the existing propagation models. Thus, the Modified Round Earth Loss (REL) model was first developed in this study to estimate the path loss more accurately in shore-to-ship communication. Subsequently, a piecewise modeling approach based on the principle of two-segment data modeling was proposed. In the Modified REL model, unlike the traditional REL model, the paths and gains of the direct and reflected waves were not considered equal in the calculations. Moreover, unlike in the classical approach, the receiver height was not taken as a fixed value; the estimated best receiver height value for each measurement was included in the calculations as a representation of the effect of roughness in the sea environment. Thus, the model is better adapted to various environmental conditions. In addition, the proposed piecewise model divides the propagation medium into two regions using a break point calculated by Fresnel zone theory. The Modified REL model was used for the first region and the log-distance model was used for the second region. This method allows for more accurate modeling of signal behaviors, especially at different distances. Experimental measurements and performance evaluations conducted using four different shore-to-ship communication scenarios show that the Modified REL model shows an average improvement of up to 3% in Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) values compared to the classical REL model. Additionally, the proposed piecewise model improves the fitting error of the Modified REL model, which models the data as a single whole, by an average of 22.25%. These findings emphasize the necessity of propagation models that are sensitive and adaptable to environmental changes for maritime communication.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024STRATEGIC FLASHPOINTS: NATO’S CONTAINMENT OF RUSSIA IN THE BLACK SEA AND ARCTIC REGIONS; [Puncte fierbinți strategice: îngrădirea Rusiei de către NATO în zona Mării Negre și în regiunea arctică]
Aksoy, Metin; Limon, Onur; Limon, Elif Gürdal
This study examines the strategic significance of NATO’s containment policy in the Black Sea and Arctic regions and its impact on Russia’s geopolitical and military responses. These areas, once peripheral to play only a minor role in global security dynamics, have become critical flashpoints because of NATO enlargement and increasing Russian aggression. By applying George Kennan’s containment theory to NATO’s post-Cold War strategy, this study examines how NATO’s actions have contributed to the escalation of tensions in these regions. The analysis addresses the challenges and risks NATO faces in maintaining its containment approach and offers insights into the future relationship between NATO and Russia.
- MakaleYalnız künye2024Human health risk assessment of heavy metals accumulation in different genders and tissues of whiting fish (Merlangius merlangus euxinus Nordmann, 1840) from Rize, Turkey
Şirin, Murat; Bayrak, Esra Yılmaz; Baltaş, Hasan
The contamination of fish resulting from marine pollution is a major concern, as it poses potential adverse effects on human health. Therefore, heavy metal concentrations (Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Pb) in different genders and tissues (muscle, liver, gonads and gills) of whiting fish collected from fish markets in Rize province were determined by Inductively–coupled plasma optic emission spectrometry (ICP–OES). The concentration ranges of heavy metals in all tissue samples, based on the overall average, were as follows (mg/kg wet weight): Cr: 0.081–0.25, Fe: 2.3–40, Ni: 0.070–0.095, Cu: 0.33–1.01, Zn: 3.0–20, and Pb: 0.015–0.043. The results indicated that the liver and gills exhibited a higher metal accumulation capacity compared to other tissues, whereas the muscle consistently displayed the lowest metal concentrations. The metal concentrations in the muscle were found to be below the maximum permissible levels set by international organizations for seafood. Additionally, calculated estimated daily intake (EDI), metal pollution index (MPI), target hazard quotient (THQ), total exposure hazard index (HI), and target carcinogenic risk (TR) indicate no potential risk to humans from whiting fish consumption.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Hydrocarbon reservoir depth identification in the eastern black sea basin: Implications from euler deconvolution and gravity tensor invariants
Doğru, Fikret; Maden, Nafiz
The Black Sea Basin (BSB) consisting of Eastern Black Sea (EBS) and Western Black Sea (WBS) basins which separated by the Mid Black Sea High (MBSH) is formed by the collision of Eurasia and Arabian-African Plates. Petroleum and gas hydrate contents of the BSB have been discussed by using different geological and geophysical research. In this study, the gravity gradient tensor and invariant data based on the Bouguer gravity anomaly of the EBS basin were evaluated to define the hydrocarbon reservoirs. Afterwards, Euler deconvolution technique is applied to the invariant to reveal the depth of subsurface bodies. Furthermore, the significant invariant anomalies are compared with known oil seepage and petroleum wells. The depth values of oil trace closest to the known Sürmene and Hopa drill holes were computed as 4809 m, and 4455 m according to the structural index values of SI = 2.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021A copula approach for sea level anomaly prediction: a case study for the Black Sea
Yavuzdoğan, Ahmet; Tanır Kayıkçı, Emine
Forecasting future sea levels is of great importance in terms of the conservation of coastal areas, monitoring and forecasting coastal ecosystems, and the maintenance and planning of coastal structures. In addition, highly accurate sea level forecasts allow adequate water management policies and coastal infrastructures to be developed. Today, many methods, such as harmonic analyses, artificial neural networks and support vector machines, are used to predict sea level anomalies. In this study, a novel approach based on Copula functions is presented for the prediction of sea level anomalies. The primary purpose of this study is to examine the applicability and capability of Copula-based prediction models in predicting short-term variations in the sea level. The minimum 95% correlations and minimum 22 mm RMSE values in sea level anomaly predictions during the testing period indicate that the Copula approach can be a powerful tool in the prediction of sea level anomalies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2014The New French Policy in Southern Black Sea: Pascal Fourcade and Sinop Consulate (1803-1809)
Yilmaz, Ozgur
The French Revolution and the invasion of Egypt created a crisis period in Ottoman-French relations and also arrested the French initiatives to trade in the Black Sea from the 17th century. However, on 25 July 1802 with the Treaty of Paris, the French were also given the right to trade in the Black Sea. In this way, France added the Black Sea to his privileges. With the 2nd and 3rd articles of the treaty, France has obtained the right to create consular agents on various points of the Black Sea. In this context, by a decision of 21 September 1802, a general consulate in Sinop and two consular agents in Trabzon and Eregli, depended to consulate general of Sinop, established. Pascal Fourcade was appointed as consul to Sinop and arrived to the city in the October of 1803. Fourcade was welcomed in a good way in Sinop; but the anarchy reigned in Anatolia after the Tayyar Pasha's exile, and intrigues of Russian colleague, Konuchenco, Fourcade stayed in difficult situations in the city. In fact, the preference of Sinop, as a general consulate centre was not in accordance with the terms of the period. Although Sinop had one of the best ports of the Southern Black Sea, the city was not as active as in the past on a commercial basis. It is known that Sinop was one of the places that mostly affected by Ottoman-Russian wars. Sinop had profited commercial relation that took place between the north-south ports of the Black Sea under the Ottoman dominance over the Black Sea. Especially in trade with Crimea, Sinop was the main port for Anatolian products. However, ever-expanding dominance of the Russia over the Black Sea, not only affected commercial relations between Black Sea ports but also started a decline period for southern Black Sea ports as Sinop and Trabzon that had strong commercial affairs with northern Black Sea. In this state Sinop was a small coastal town in the beginning of 19th century. But as the French consul stated, Sinop would became a strategic position as a port for trade of Anatolia and Iran in case of favourable conditions. Fourcade had very high expectations for the future of the city. The most important task of French consul was to achieve new markets for French goods; receive raw materials coming from Iran and Anatolia and establish warehouses for goods in Sinop. In this regard, Fourcade was describing the city as a trading port that had a very bright future and comparing the city to Alexandria and Baghdad, and also trying to show that Sinop was better port than Samsun and Trabzon. Fourcade's these expectations were not only connected to the creation of favourable conditions for trade and establishment of the necessary infrastructure. In fact, the realization of these plans depended on Tayyar Pasha's power, the governor of southern Black Sea region. As Fourcade's words, the main purpose of the consul was to establish good relations with Tayyar Pasa and convince him to gains of future French trade in his region. In the spring of 1804, Fourcade met with Tayyar Pasha and achieved positive results for his future plans; but because of obstructions of Russian consul in Sinop Fourcade did not realize his plans that emerged after the consul and Tayyar Pasa's interview in Bafra. Moreover defeat of Tayyar Pasha by Yusuf Pasha and exile to Sohum in 1805 created a real period of solitude for Fourcade in Sinop. Fourcade was met in early days in Sinop with Russian jealousy. When he arrived to Sinop, the city had been hosting Russian consuls since 1785. So, the biggest obstacle to plans of French consul was the Russian colleague Konuchenco. As the agent of Russia who did not want another European power in Black Sea, Konuchenco showed all his effort to fail Fourcade's mission in Sinop. In this context it is difficult to say that French Foreign Ministry predicted Russian rivalry in the Black Sea ports. Whereas with the Treaty of Kucuk Kaynarca, Russian had gained to right to trade in Black Sea and soon after the treaty they established a consular network in the port cities. Sinop was one the port cities that the Russian preferred to create a consular agent. Russian consuls in Sinop were so powerful that they could change kadi of Sinop. There were also very strong relations between Russian consul Konuchenco and Tayyar Pasa who had territories in Crimea consigned to Battal Huseyin Pasa, father of Tayyar Pasa, in his exile in Russia. In the first two years of consulate, Fourcade complained so often the relations between Tayyar Pasa and Konuchenco and Russian dominance over the Sublime Porte that seen in Sinop. Indeed, until the expulsion of Russian consul in February 1807, a diplomatic war had taken place in Sinop. Both consuls followed each other tightly and try to stop each other's activities. In this way, in the early years of the 19th century Sinop lived a provincial diplomacy period that created by presence of French and Russian consuls in the city. After the Tayyar Pasha's exile to Sohum, all the balance in Anatolia had changed. In the period of Tayyar Pasa's reign in the region, Fourcade had only to try to establish good relation with Tayyar Pasa for French trade; but after 1805, Fourcade rested between a multiple powers in Sinop. In this state the turmoil reigned in Anatolia after the Tayyar Pasha's exile was a real obstacle for Fourcade's plans. Furthermore the consulate was attacked by Greek sailor under the Russian protection in 1806 when Fourcade was in Kastamonu. But aggression of 1807 was more drastic for French consulate in Sinop. Fourcade and chancellor of consulate, Bernage, were injured by Laz sailors who participated the turmoil ended Selim III' reign, debarked in Sinop in way of their homeland. The expulsion of Russian consul Konuchenco from Sinop by Ottoman-Russian War broke out in 1806 was really created a liberty atmosphere in the city. But Russian-French rapprochement and the Treaty of Tilsit reversed this atmosphere against to French in Anatolia. These new conditions that clearly seen in aggression of 1807, showed also the future of the Fourcade's mission in Sinop. Although Fourcade's Sinop consulate did not obtain significant result for French trade; his six-year consulate left us very valuable documents that exist in French foreign ministry archives in Paris and Nantes. These consular reports and detailed travel voyages accounts are very valuable sources for Southern Black Sea region at beginning of the 19th century. Fourcade, like an archaeologist and geographer travelled in his consular district and prepared detailed reports on Sinop, Kastamonu, Ladik and Amasya region. A portion of them were published; but there are also some reports are not reached until now. It is the Fourcade's archaeological activities that make the Sinop consulate worthwhile in the world of science. But beyond this, archival sources on Fourcade's six-year consulate, gives us valuable information about on the situation of Anatolia in Age of Ayans at the beginning of the 19th century, Russian impact on the Black Sea and history of Ottoman-French relations in the Black sea. This study aims to make a review on Fourcade's Sinop consulate by using resources of the French archives.
- MakaleYalnız künye2014Prediction of wave parameters by using fuzzy inference system and the parametric models along the south coasts of the Black Sea
Akpinar, Adem; Özger, Mehmet; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan
Forecasting of sea-state characteristics has a great importance in coastal and ocean engineering studies. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate performances of Adaptive-Network-Based Fuzzy Inference System (ANFIS) and several parametric methods in the Black Sea. For this purpose, different fuzzy models with different input combinations were developed for two different wind data sources (TSMS and ECMWF) at two offshore buoy stations. It also aimed to apply several approaches to event-based data sets for wave predictions. Generally, in literature the tendency is to use time series data for wave predictions. In this kind of prediction approach, lagged time series data are taken as inputs and current or future variables are taken as output. In this study, event-based data for each independent storm were extracted from time series data. Simultaneous or concurrent data of wind speed, blowing duration, fetch length and wave characteristics were detected for each single storm. These event data were then used to set up models. The hindcast results were validated with significant wave height and mean wave period data recorded in Hopa and Sinop buoy stations. The performance of developed fuzzy models were also compared with that of four different parametric methods (Wilson, SPM, Jonswap, and CEM methods) applied for two wind data sources at both buoy stations. Finally, it was determined that in the prediction of both wave parameters (H s and T z) the ANFIS models (R = 0.66, squared correlation coefficient, and MAE = 0.37 m, mean absolute error, for the best model in prediction of H s) were more accurate than the parametric methods (R = 0.63 and MAE = 0.75 m for the best model in prediction of H s).
- MakaleYalnız künye2013Assessment of wave energy resource of the Black Sea based on 15-year numerical hindcast data
Akpinar, Adem; Kömürcü, Murat I.hsan
In this study, the existence and variability of wave energy resource potential of the Black Sea based on 15-year hindcast data is described in detail. The hindcasts of wave parameters were carried out by using the third generation wave prediction model (Simulated WAves Nearshore - SWAN), which is one of the most popular numerical wave models and has been widely used for estimating ocean waves. The model was forced with the ECMWF ERA Interim wind fields and applied with a spatial resolution of about 0.0167°. ×. 0.0167° and a model time step of 6. h to resolve efficiently offshore and nearshore wave conditions. The results were presented in the form of charts of the spatial distribution of significant wave height and wave power, on a monthly, seasonal and annual basis. Annual energy was calculated in the study region with the hindcast data set covering 15. years (1995-2009). The areas with the highest wave energy resource were determined and the south west coasts of the Black Sea are suggested as the best site for the installation of a wave farm. It was determined the western parts of the Black Sea (especially the south-west) are exposed to energetic waves more than the eastern parts.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Wave energy potential along the south-east coasts of the Black Sea
Akpinar, Adem; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan
This study aims to assess and characterize wave energy resource along the southeastern coasts of the Black Sea. For this purpose, wave energy potential was investigated at a total of 7 study points in this area. The potential for energy generation was assessed based on six-hourly data from a third generation wave model (SWAN) covering the period 1995-2009. The results were validated with buoy measurements and wave energy and power was calculated with the numerical hindcast data. For characterization of wave energy potential, average annual and seasonal variations of the wave power in this area was firstly investigated. Second, wave energy development indexes and the probabilities of exceedance of wave power at the study points were determined. Third, wave energy resource in different ranges of significant wave heights and zero-crossing periods were characterized. Finally, It was found that annual wave energy of all points except Sinop point, whose annual wave energy is 10 MWh/m, is approximately 6 MWh/m and the bulk of annual wave energy occurs for significant wave heights between 0.5 and 2 m and periods between 2 and 5 s.
- MakaleYalnız künye2012Evaluation of the numerical wave model (SWAN) for wave simulation in the Black Sea
Akpinar, Adem; van Vledder, Gerbrant Ph.; Kömürcü, Murat Ihsan; Özger, Mehmet
This study summaries the implementation of the SWAN model forced by the ECMWF ERA Interim dataset reanalyzed 10 m winds over the Black Sea which will be used to study the wind-wave climate and wave energy potential in the region, and its verification. The SWAN model results were compared with directional buoy measurements at three locations along the north and south coasts of the Black Sea, parametric model results based on the JONSWAP growth relations, and the results of previous studies. The SWAN model has been applied in a third generation and non-stationary mode with spherical coordinates. The linear and exponential growth from wind input, depth-induced wave breaking, bottom friction, whitecapping, four-wave (for deep water) and triad-wave (for shallow water) nonlinear interactions have been activated in the simulations. The results of this study indicate that agreement between simulated and observed wave parameters is satisfactory and it is slightly more accurate than the results of the previous studies. However, it still has lower estimates for the maximum values of both wave parameters. These lower estimates are probably due to too low wind speeds in the applied ECMWF wind fields, which is probably caused by orographic effects, and due to the relatively course resolution in time and space of the ECMWF (ERA-Interim) wind fields for the Black Sea. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
- MakaleYalnız künye2011Solid waste management practices in Turkey
Berkun, Mehmet; Aras, Egemen; Anılan, Tugce
As an economically developing country, Turkey has very well operated integrated solid waste management applications structured on modern facilities, besides over 2,000 scattered open dump areas in the country. Integrated waste management applications seem eligible for the metropolitan cities like Istanbul and Izmit (Kocaeli). Attempts have not been encouraging for the scattered regional settlements using central storage sites due to financial shortages and received rejections from nearby settlements. Small-scale compact solid waste management systems with materials recycling and composting can be more suitable alternatives in the small-scale regional settlements. The major constituents of municipal solid waste are organic in nature and approximately a quarter of municipal solid waste is recyclable. Although paper, including cardboard, is the main constituent, the composition of recyclable waste varies strongly by the source or the type of collection point. Solid wastes need primary treatment in order to be suitable for incineration and composting. Turkey needs to give more emphasis on the usage of modern solid waste removal technologies to overcome the overgrowing solid waste disposal problems.