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- MakaleYalnız künye2026The Concepts of Daimonion and Daimōnin Plato's Texts: An Analysis in the Context of Apology and Symposium
Öztürk, Umit; Yalçin, Seda
It is possible to say that Plato's texts are heavily intertwined with mythological elements or narratives. One of the main reasons for this fact can be found that the characters in the dialogues are constructed in a way that vividly conveys the spirit of the period. However, some terms or concepts that were present in the cultural atmosphere of the period and in the vocabulary of every philosopher writing at that time make the understanding of the texts extremely difficult, especially when the metaphorical contexts are taken into account. Among such concepts, there are daimonion and daim & omacr;n and their grammatical derivatives, which are extremely difficult to translate into different languages. Moreover, when the last-mentioned concepts are being connected with the terms such as theos and its derivatives, which altogether can be considered to be in the same semantic family, it becomes even more difficult to understand some Platonic texts. This article primarily aims to analytically distinguish between the daimonion and daim & omacr;n narratives in the Apology and the Symposium. Secondly, via referring to other Platonic texts, the question of whether these concepts can be understood on common ground is discussed.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026The Transformative Function of Knowledge in Augustine: Inner Enlightenment and Virtue
Çalik, Erdogan Serdar
This article examines Augustine's understanding of knowledge not merely as a theoretical acquisition but as a moral process that transforms the human being. The first section of the study addresses the foundations of Augustine's epistemology, discussing the connection between knowledge, happiness, and wisdom, as well as the ethical dimension of knowledge and its role in the transformation of the soul. Furthermore, the epistemological role of memory and time is evaluated as dynamics that enable the pursuit of truth. The second section analyzes the influence of Augustinian epistemology during the scholastic period. In this context, Anselm's faith-based approach, Bonaventure's mystical interpretation, and Thomas Aquinas' Aristotelian synthesis are examined, with a focus on the nominalist critiques beginning with William of Ockham. The conclusion states that Augustine's epistemology presents a unique and enduring model that grounds the source of knowledge in inner enlightenment and its purpose in virtuous living, thus concluding the study.
- MakaleYalnız künye2026Thought Experiments in Islamic Philosophy: Ibn Sina's Flying Man and the Estimative Faculty
Kaya, Asli Uner
The nature and function of thought experiments, which have become an important part of philosophical and scientific discourse, are among the topics that have been researched with great interest not only by philosophers but also by historians of science, cognitive scientists and psychologists in recent years. Thought experiments, which we can trace back to the Pre-Socratics, are frequently encountered in the Middle Ages, especially in fields such as theology and natural philosophy. Imaginary scenarios designed by important figures in the Islamic world such as Ibn Sina, Ibn al-Haytham and Ghazali provide important information about the way thought experiments were used in the period. Ibn Sina was the first philosopher to try to explain the psychological basis of thought experiments. The fundamental question he focuses on is: What is the source of the premises used in thought experiments? According to Ibn Sina, the source of thought experiments is wahm, an internal, sensory faculty that has no exact English equivalent but is usually translated as estimative faculty. My aim in this article is to focus on the faculty of illusion that Ibn Sina introduced while creating the psychological infrastructure of thought experiments and to reveal the role that this faculty plays in the formation of thought experiments.
- MakaleYalnız künye2022The Problem of Mental Causation in John Searle's Theory of Consciousness
Kaya, Asli Uner
Some philosophers of mind claim that non-reductionist physicalist theories of the mind cannot explain the causal interaction between consciousness and the physical world. The problem is about explaining how consciousness, which cannot be reduced to physical processes, interacts with the physical world without violating the laws of physics. John Searle claims to have solved the problem of mental causation in his theory of mind, which he calls Biological Naturalism, exhibiting a non-reductionist attitude. In this study, I aim to evaluate Searle's solution to the problem of mental causation. For this purpose, I will first touch on mental causation and how it is understood. Then, I will outline the problem and address the specific criticisms against non-reductionist physicalists. Finally, considering these criticisms, I will show under what conditions Searle's solution to the problem of mental causation can be accepted as correct.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Modern Man in Techno-Scientific Progressivism and Nostalgic-Developmentalism Dilemma
Demir, Sertac Timur
This article interrogates the human crisis of the modern age with a comparative and synthesist approach. Indeed, in the hands of techno-scientific progressivism that has been accelerated since the industrial revolution and the nostalgic-developmentalism that is provoked by the progressivism, the central issue in crisis is not humanity; but man himself. Moreover, this crisis, which encircles daily life entirely, is not merely epistemological, also ontological. Perhaps the most valid question of the day for the modern individual who is torn between techno-scientific progressivism that glorifies speed, technique, method, invention and externality, and the doctrines of nostalgicaldevelopmentalism that prioritise the past, memory, mystical orientation and internality, is perhaps to remain human. While Stanley Kubrick's 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968), one of the two philosophical films subject to analysis in the article, refers to such a progressivism; and Andrei Tarkovsky's Solaris (1972) visualises developmentalism. Beyond a science-fiction analysis, this study, which approaches both positions critically, aims to focus on the crucial questions that become evident in the films with the answers of significant thinkers such as Paul Chesterton, Gaston Bachelard, Gunther Anders, Ivan Illich, Lewis Mumford, Zygmunt Bauman and Y. Noah Harari. Besides, as a proposition, it can be stated that today sci-fi movies -even the most extraordinary ones- have ironically turned into one of the most authentic projectors in making sense of the fantastic world we live in.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Criticism of Kant's Conception of Freedom in Adorno
Tüzen, Muhammed Ahmet
Adorno, who has critical thoughts on the positivist perspective that is the core of the philosophy of Enlightenment and the mental comprehension to which positivism depends, states that Kant's notion of freedom, which puts strictly adhesion to the law in the center, is an abstract, disconnected from experience, compelling/oppressive nature. Accordingly, Kant, who activates the mind against the blind power of nature, explains the free action as to act according to the pure mind. In Kant, which approaches moral laws as freedom laws, freedom is considered as the law that both is to use of the mind in an absolute manner and must be obeyed and treated accordingly. In this context, Adorno implies that Kant's moral philosophy is structured in such a way as not to allow it to act otherwise, although it does not have authoritarian thoughts. This study which is based on Adorno's thoughts aims to evaluate Kant's understanding of freedom in four parts within the above-mentioned framework: (i) Freedom as a balancing force against the causality of nature, (ii) freedom disconnected from experience and spiritualized, (iii) freedom to express action by centering the law, (iv) freedom intertwined with bourgeois work ethic.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019Hobbes and Construction of Modern Politics from the Perspective of Leo Strauss
Tüzen, Muhammed Ahmet
The modern political philosophy which emerged in reaction to classical political philosophy became apparent with the modernity led by Machiavelli according to Strauss. Hobbes who was inspired by Machiavelli's thought on classical political philosophy tried to apply mathematical methods to society and human beings by connecting modern natural sciences with political understanding. Contrary to Machiavelli, who cuts the relationship between natural law and politics, Hobbes rebuilt the notion of natural right. Instead of classical perception that puts duty in the center, Hobbes who counted the fear of violent death that is the most basic sensation of man as a starting point, adopted the rights-based political approach. The aim of this work that puts Strauss's interpretation into the center is to question the changes in political philosophy and problematize on which foundations Hobbes built the philosophy of modern politics. This theory of Hobbes, the so-called first philosophy of power, also pioneered the transition from a virtuous life conception to a comfort-oriented life design by separating morality from politics.
- MakaleYalnız künye2018The Problem of Positioning Erasmus in the context of His Thoughts about War and Peace
Yesilçayir, Celal
Desiderius Erasmus who is known as a prominent philosopher of renaissance period has been mentioned as a humanist or pacifist in many sources. Nevertheless, it seemed that he articulated some different thoughts beyond the ideas attributed to him. About the point in question, this work aims to discuss how to position Erasmus in ideological terms through analyzing his ideas he revealed in his works about war and peace. Within this context, it will be examined to what extent the ascription of humanist and pacifist frequently to him is coherent. Consequently, it will be tried to suggest a proposal about how we should describe him depending on the findings.
- MakaleYalnız künye2016Disease and Death in the Modern Culture: On Now and Eternity
Demir, Sertac Timur
This paper is basically about nowism as a representation of modernity rather than a temporal fragment, about cancer as philosophical reference rather than as a biological illness, and about death as constructive value rather than as a destructive experience. All these representation-loaded concepts are dealt with through the story of Tessa, the protagonist in the film Now is Good (2012). In the liquid modernity, on the one hand nowist orientations, tendencies and acts are wryly reduced to a cliche: Carpe diem (seize the day) and on the other hand temporal uncertainty of death implies the essential principle of memento mori (remember you will die) or Mutu qabla an tamutu (die before you die). The now is, as a worldview beyond a temporality, not merely good, but perhaps the God of the modern society. However, deadly cancer, which is an uninvited guest, nullifies this modern doctrine that commercializes the now as eternity and immortality itself. Cancer that marks death and the sense of chaos what cancer stirs are antithesis and perhaps antidote of the liquid modernity. This paper, for the very reason, unexpectedly affirms death while criticising the nowist culture.
- DergiBEYTULHIKME-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHILOSOPHY