Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
- Alemdag, Selcuk(3)
- Gurocak, Zulfu(2)
- Kaya, Yusuf(2)
- Polat, Alper(2)
- Sari, Mahmut(2)
- Alemdaǧ, Selçuk(1)
- Bendine, K.(1)
- Bulut, Fikri(1)
- Cakir, Tufan(1)
- Cosgun, Suleyman Istemihan(1)
- Dag, Serhat(1)
- Elif Yıldız(1)
- Kanik, Mustafa(1)
- Karabudak, Filiz(1)
- Kaya, Ayberk(1)
- Kaya, Y.(1)
- Kaşif Furkan Öztürk(1)
- Kulekci, Gokhan(1)
- Nasery, Mohammad Manzoor(1)
- Ozturk, Kasif Furkan(1)
- Polat, A.(1)
- Sayin, Aytuna(1)
- Temel, Bayram Ali(1)
- Yusuf Saraçoğlu(1)
- Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim(1)
- Çakir, Tufan(1)
- Özsahin, Talat Sukru(1)
- Özşahin, T.Ş.(1)
Yayınlar
- Yüksek Lisans TeziYalnız künye2026Farklı özelliklerdeki tarihi minarelerin sonlu elemanlar yöntemi ile dinamik karakteristiklerinin belirlenmesi
Yusuf Saraçoğlu
Bu tez çalışmasında, Gümüşhane İli Süleymaniye Mahallesi'nde bulunan üç farklı tarihî yığma minarenin dinamik karakteristikleri sonlu elemanlar yöntemiyle karşılaştırmalı olarak incelenmiştir. Çalışmanın temel amacı, aynı malzeme parametreleri kullanılarak farklı geometrik özelliklere sahip minarelerin doğal frekans, periyot ve mod şekillerindeki değişimleri ortaya koymaktır. Bu kapsamda minarelerin kaide, gövde, şerefe, petek ve külah bölümlerine ait geometrik ölçümleri yapılmış ve ANSYS Mechanical APDL ortamında üç boyutlu sayısal modelleri oluşturulmuştur. İncelenen minarelerin malzeme özellikleri, yapıya zarar vermeyen tahribatsız yerinde değerlendirmeler, saha gözlemleri ve literatürde tarihi yığma yapılar için kabul gören yaklaşık malzeme parametreleri birlikte dikkate alınarak belirlenmiştir. Yapılan değerlendirmeler sonucunda elde edilen bulguların literatürdeki benzer tarihi taş yığma minare değerleriyle uyumlu olması nedeniyle, üç minare için ortak malzeme parametreleri kullanılmıştır. Böylece analiz sonuçlarındaki farklılıkların daha çok minarelerin yükseklik, kesit düzeni, gövde genişliği, şerefe konumu ve genel narinlik oranı gibi geometrik özelliklerinden kaynaklanması hedeflenmiştir. Modal analizler sonucunda elde edilen frekans, periyot ve mod şekilleri karşılaştırılarak minarelerin dinamik davranışları değerlendirilmiştir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ1Geophysical and numerical approaches to solving the mechanisms of landslides triggered by earthquakes: A case study of Kahramanmaraş (6 February, 2023)
Sari, Mahmut
Many landslides occurred in the 11 Turkish provinces affected by the earthquakes centered in Kahramanmaraş in February 2023, and many people lost their lives due to those landslides. To reduce the risks and hazards brought on by landslides induced by earthquakes, it is essential to identify the mechanisms causing landslides to arise in such situations. In this study, the geological strength index and both seismic refraction tomography and electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) geophysical methods were used to determine the failure mechanism of layered sedimentary units defined as flysch (claystone-siltstone-sandstone-marl). The shear strength reduction finite element method (SSR-FEM) was used with the RS2 computer program for model solutions. One of the geophysical methods, ERT, facilitated an interpretation of the cyclic failure mechanism that occurs in flysch, and it was found to be congruent with numerical models. Landslide slip circle depth, water-saturated layers, and resistivity values were determined with the ERT method. Seismic methods were employed to determine the velocity values (Vp, Vs) of the landslip mass. These velocity data, along with the elasticity modulus and Poisson ratios derived from them, were utilized in our numerical model. In the maximum shear strength and horizontal displacement analyses performed on the section line determined before the landslide, the natural state and the situation under the influence of groundwater were examined and the strength reduction factor (SRF) was determined as 1.35 and 1.24, respectively. In an evaluation conducted under the influence of the maximum horizontal ground acceleration (0.22 g) determined by taking into account the seismicity of the study area, it was concluded that instability occurred in the flysches and the SRF value was 0.72. An important finding of this study is that the results of geophysical methods used to determine the lithological properties of sedimentary rock masses and understand the causes of landslides align closely with those of numerical analysis methods, providing high accuracy. These methods also support new approaches, particularly in identifying landslip boundaries and detecting areas with high water saturation. It has been discovered that earthquakes actively contribute to the instability of these kinds of soils.
AtıfScopus6WoS5OpenAlex6
İncele - Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2023Konsol istinat duvarlarının sismik davranışı üzerinde duvar yüksekliğinin etkisi
Elif Yıldız
Doğa-insan etkileşimi ve hızlı nüfus artışı nedeniyle şehir kurulumları, inşaat sektörünün ve mühendislik çalışmalarının en büyük tetikleyicilerinden biridir. Yapılan her mühendislik yapısı, hizmet ömrü boyunca doğanın dengesinin korunması ve insanların gereksinimlerinin karşılanması amacına hizmet etmektedir. İstinat duvarları inşaat mühendisliği uygulamalarında farklı amaçlarla yaygın olarak kullanılan özel mühendislik yapılarıdır. İstinat duvarlarının sismik davranışının tasarım öncesinde değerlendirilmesi büyük bir önem taşımaktadır. Zira istinat duvarı ile arka dolgu ve temel zemini arasındaki etkileşim mekanizmasının bu yapıların sismik davranışını değiştirebileceği bilinmektedir. Bu çalışmanın başlıca amacı, zemin-yapı etkileşimini dikkate alarak konsol istinat duvarlarının dinamik davranışı üzerinde duvar yüksekliği değişiminin etkilerini incelemektir. Belirtilen bu amaç doğrultusunda, üç farklı konsol duvar yüksekliği, beş farklı temel zemini koşulu ve üç farklı deprem kaydı dikkate alınarak sonlu elemanlar yöntemine dayalı dinamik çözümlemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Elde edilen sonuçlar, duvar dinamik davranışının yer hareketi frekans içeriği, duvar yüksekliği ve zemin-yapı etkileşimi gibi faktörlerden önemli düzeyde etkilenebileceğini göstermiştir. Dolayısıyla farklı tasarım amaçlarına yönelik olarak farklı yüklere ve zemin etkilerine maruz kalan istinat yapılarının dinamik davranışında önemli farklılıklar gözlenebileceği vurgulanabilir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2023Scopus SJRQ1Multi-Scenario Analysis of Rockfall Hazard for a Historical Vaulted Masonry Building in Sumela Monastery
Nasery, Mohammad Manzoor; Cosgun, Suleyman Istemihan; Temel, Bayram Ali
Sumela Monastery located in the northeast city of Trabzon is one of the most-visited touristic places in Turkey. As it is located in a mountainous area, rockfall hazards have become a crucial problem that the Monastery complex faces, especially in the last decade. Due to several rockfall cases, the monastery was closed for visitors in 2015 to take preventative measures. The current study examines the whole stages assessing and eliminating rockfall hazards that a historical Vaulted masonry building in the Sumela Monastery is exposed to. First of all, field studies were conducted to determine the kind and type of rockfall hazard. For this purpose, the regional geology of the area was evaluated and due to the inaccessibility of the region, industrial climbers were recruited to climb the slope above the Historical Vaulted building to determine the locations, dimensions, and risk level of the risky blocks that threatened the building. After that, the terrain of the risky area was modeled with Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) using the digital photogrammetry method. In the last step of the field studies, samples were taken to determine the mechanical and physical properties of the rocks and several laboratory tests were conducted. In the second part of the study, probabilistic analyses of 2400 rockfall simulations with eight different trajectories were conducted to calculate the maximum run-out distance, velocity, kinetic energy, and bounce heights of falling blocks. In the third part, to evaluate the damage status on the vaulted building, six different possible rockfall scenarios determined by the rockfall analysis were simulated using the Finite Element Method. After determining the rock block size that would not cause significant damage to the building, the cleaning and controlled removal method of the risky blocks was determined. In the last stage, controlled crushing and removing practices for risky rock blocks were carried out and the building was restored. Consequently, the rockfall hazard for the historical Vaulted building was eliminated and the monastery complex opened for visitors in 2021.
AtıfScopus13WoS13OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ4Evaluation of stability in rock-fill dams by numerical analysis methods: a case study (Gümüşhane-Midi Dam, Türkiye)
Sari, Mahmut
Serious stability issues could arise both during and after construction if the dams’ body designs are not realistically accurate. Engineering studies are therefore crucial for identifying the body’s instability prop-erties in designing the dam body. In this study, horizontal and vertical displacement and stress-deformation analyses were carried out on the body of the Midi Waste Dam located in Karamustafa Village of Gümüşhane Province. In these analyses, the elasticity modulus and Poisson’s ratio of the soil were determined using the seismic method, which is one of the commonly used geophysical methods. The cohesion and internal friction angle of the rock fill were determined by taking into account Leps’ charts. The state of the dam body under the influence of the siltation load and seismic load at the end of operation was shown by applying the finite element method. It was found that there was no instability issue with the researched dam because the safety numbers obtained from the stability study of the dam body were greater than the 1.2 safety number accepted for the stability of the dams (SRF: 2.03, SRF: 1.37). The maximum vertical displacement of the dam body at the foundation base was found as 3.78 cm, the horizontal displacement as 5.80 cm, and the total displacement amount as 6.75 cm when the dam body was examined in terms of displacements. In terms of the statics of the dam body, the vertical, horizontal, and total displacements estimated with the numerical analysis methods did not present a problem, and it was demonstrated that this scenario was also supported by the stability of the body in the applied analyses.
AtıfScopus7WoS7İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1Analysis of discontinuous contact problem in two functionally graded layers resting on a rigid plane by using finite element method
Polat, Alper; Kaya, Yusuf
In this study, the problem of discontinuous contact in two functionally graded (FG) layers resting on a rigid plane and loaded by two rigid blocks is solved by the finite element method (FEM). Separate analyzes are made for the cases where the top surfaces of the problem layers are metal, the bottom surfaces are ceramic and the top surfaces are ceramic and the bottom surfaces are metal. For the problem, it is accepted that all surfaces are frictionless. A two-dimensional FEM analysis of the problem is made by using a special macro added to the ANSYS package program The solution of this study, which has no analytical solution in the literature, is given with FEM. Analyzes are made by loading different Q and P loads on the blocks. The normal stress (sigma y) distributions at the interfaces of FG layers and between the substrate and the rigid plane interface are obtained. In addition, the starting and ending points of the separations between these surfaces are determined. The normal stresses (sigma x, sigma y) and shear stresses (tau xy) at the point of separation are obtained along the depth. The results obtained are shown in graphics and tables. With this method, effective results are obtained in a very short time. In addition, analytically complex and long problems can be solved with this method.
AtıfWoS23OpenAlex2İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2021Fatigue analysis of the vehicle brake disc; [Araç fren diskinin yorulma analizi]
Karabudak, Filiz
In this study, the fatigue analysis of the vehicle brake disc was simulated using the finite element program, and life calculations were made in accordance with the analysis. The main purpose is to simulate experimental tests, which take a long time to result, in the computer environment and to obtain results in a short time and at a very low cost. With the help of the ANSYS computer program, which operates with the finite element logic, the disk brake system was created in three dimensions, and the boundary conditions closest to reality were determined and analyzed using the finite element method. In the disc brake system selected, the data obtained by conducting stress, fatigue life, and safety coefficient analyses in line with the forces formed on the wheel and the vehicle during braking were examined. According to the analysis results, our brake disc is in different life ranges in accordance with the material used and the load applied, and when the force is increased, the life decreases and vice versa.
AtıfScopus2OpenAlex1
İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2020AN OVERVIEW TO THE DYNAMIC BEHAVIOUR OF THE INVERTED T TYPE CANTILEVER RETAINING WALL TAKING INTO ACCOUNT SOIL STRUCTURE INTERACTION PHENOMENON
Cakir, Tufan; Ozturk, Kasif Furkan
The dynamic response of the cantilever retaining walls is affected by many factors such as the geometry of the wall, the earthquake frequency content, the wall flexibility, the backfill characteristics, and the soil structure interaction. Therefore, it may not be possible to analyse all aspects of the dynamic response of the cantilever retaining walls in spite of their simplicity. It is also well known that some unfavourable effects on the behaviour of the walls may impair the balance of the wall. In this context, the study aims to investigate the dynamic response of the T type cantilever retaining wall considering soil structure interaction. In line with this purpose, the soil structure interaction system is produced with a three dimensional finite element model. The seismic analyses are performed in time domain using C-OLC360 component of 1983 Coalinga earthquake, and four different foundation soil systems are used in these analyses. The elasto-plastic behaviour of the backfill and the foundation soil are represented with Drucker-Prager material model. In order to reflect the material damping of the system, Rayleigh damping is utilized considering mass and stiffness proportional dampings. In addition, the viscous boundary dashpot elements which consider the criteria of Lysmer and Kuhlemeyer for wave propagation, are placed around the boundaries of the numerical model. The results are examined in terms of both the stresses and displacements. The findings have revealed that the dynamic response of the T shaped cantilever retaining walls is considerably affected by the soil structure interaction.
AtıfScopus3WoS3İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ2Stability evaluation of the Gümüşhane-Akçakale cave by numerical analysis method
Alemdag, Selcuk; Zeybek, Halil Ibrahim; Kulekci, Gokhan
The Akçakale Cave is located in the vicinity of the Arsa neighborhood within the boundaries of the Akçakale village, Gümüşhane, Turkey. The cave is rich in cave formations (stalactite, stalagmite, cave pearl, cave flower, wall travertines). Thus, the appropriateness of opening the cave to visitors to boost tourism is of importance for the local and national economy. This study analyzes the stability of the Akçakale Cave using a numerical analysis method. According to the results of the total displacement analysis, there are displacements in the entrance, ceiling, and sidewalls of the cave ranging from 1 mm to 48 mm. It seems that the entrance, ceiling, and sidewalls of the cave face a high risk of local or sudden collapse. According to the deformation analysis of the length section of the cave examined, local collapses may occur especially in the first 75 m from the entrance of the cave. We believe that this situation would not carry a risk for the Arsa neighborhood for now. In conclusion, the results of the stability analysis and in-situ observations showed clear evidence of former and ongoing cave-ins (collapses) and the Akçakale Cave faces a high risk of local or sudden collapse. Thus, although the Akçakale Cave is one of the most prominent karst caves in Turkey, it seems to be not appropriate to open the cave to tourist visits.
AtıfScopus26WoS20OpenAlex21İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ2Frictionless Contact Problem for a Functionally Graded Layer Loaded Through Two Rigid Punches Using Finite Element Method
Polat, A.; Kaya, Y.; Bendine, K.; Özşahin, T.Ş.
In this study, continuous contact problem in the functionally graded (FG) layer loaded with two rigid flat blocks resting on the elastic semi-infinite plane was analyzed by the finite element method. The two-dimensional numerical model of the FG layer was made with the software added to the ANSYS program. This software can be adapted to all contact problem types by making minor changes. The accuracy check of the program was performed by comparing with the analytical solution of the problem by homogeneous layer and its solution by the finite element method. So, fast and practical solutions can be obtained by the developed finite element method on many applications such as; automotive, aviation and space industry applications. The comparisons made showed that the proposed solution gave good results at acceptable levels. In the problem, it was thought that all surfaces were frictionless. The external loads P and Q were transmitted to the FG layer via two flat rigid blocks. Normal stresses between the FG layer and the elastic plane, initial separation loads, initial separation distances and contact stresses under the blocks were investigated for various dimensionless quantities.
AtıfScopus14WoS14OpenAlex11İncele - Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2018Zemin-yapı etkileşimi ve farklı duvar geometrileri dikkate alınarak konsol istinat duvarlarının sismik davranışının incelenmesi
Kaşif Furkan Öztürk
İstinat duvarları çok farklı amaçlarla birçok inşaat mühendisliği uygulamasında yaygın olarak kullanılan özel mühendislik yapılarıdır. Bunlara örnek olarak; büyük miktarlarda yarma ve dolgu gerektiren yol inşaatları, kanallar ve su depoları, köprü kenar ayakları, malzeme depolama alanları, erozyon ve taşkın alanları verilebilir. İstinat duvarlarının farklı zemin koşullarında ve yükleme durumlarındaki davranışlarının belirlenmesi ve tasarım öncesi değerlendirilmesi kritik bir öneme sahiptir. Ayrıca Türkiye gibi aktif deprem kuşağında bulunan ülkelerde, işlevsel olarak birçok amaca hizmet edebilen istinat duvarlarının statik davranışlarının belirlenmesi yanında, dinamik davranışlarının belirlenmesi de önemli olmaktadır. İstinat duvarlarının sismik analizi ve tasarımı genellikle Mononobe-Okabe yöntemini esas alan sözde statik yaklaşımlarla yapılmaktadır. Mononobe-Okabe yöntemiyle istinat duvarlarına etkiyen sismik zemin basınçları, duvar arkasındaki zemin kamasına etkiyen kuvvetlerin dengesinden elde edilmekte ve bu yöntemde dalga yayılım etkileri ile zemin-yapı etkileşimi dikkate alınmamaktadır. Ancak istinat duvarlarının dolgu ve temel zemini ile olan etkileşimleri ve dalga yayılım etkileri bu yapıların deprem davranışlarını oldukça karmaşık bir probleme dönüştürmektedir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, zemin-yapı etkileşimini ve farklı duvar geometrilerini dikkate alarak dolgu-konsol istinat duvarı-temel/zemin sistemlerinin farklı yer hareketleri etkisi altında sismik davranışını incelemektir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, dört farklı temel zemini koşulu, üç farklı duvar geometrisi ve iki farklı deprem yer hareketi dikkate alınarak zaman ortamında sonlu elemanlar yöntemine dayalı sismik çözümlemeler gerçekleştirilmiştir. Çözümlemelerde 1999 Kocaeli Depremi Yarımca kaydı Kuzey-Güney bileşeni ve 1989 Loma Prieta Depremi Hollister-South & Pine kaydı HSP000 bileşeni dikkate alınmıştır. Bu çalışma üç bölümden oluşmaktadır. Birinci bölümde istinat duvarları, malzemelerin doğrusal olmayan davranışı, zemin-yapı etkileşimi hakkında genel bilgiler ile çalışmanın amacı ve kapsamı sunulmaktadır. İkinci bölümde, dolgu-konsol istinat duvarı-temel/zemin sistemleri için önerilen sayısal modeller tanıtılmakta ve bu sistemlerin dinamik çözümlemeleri gerçekleştirilmektedir. Üçüncü bölümde, çalışmadan elde edilen sonuçlar ve öneriler verilmektedir. Bu bölümü kaynaklar listesi ve özgeçmiş izlemektedir. Sonuç olarak bu çalışmada, konsol istinat duvarlarının sismik davranışının zemin-yapı etkileşimine, duvar geometrisine ve deprem frekans içeriğine bağlı olarak önemli mertebelerde değişebileceği görülmüştür. Ayrıca duvar kesitinin ve zemin etkileşiminin duvara etkiyen dinamik zemin basınçlarının büyüklüğünü etkileyebileceği belirlenmiştir. Bu bağlamda, gerçekçi ve güvenilir bir tasarım için bu etkilerin tasarım aşamasında dikkate alınması gerektiği ifade edilebilir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dalga Yayılımı, Deprem Frekans İçeriği, Konsol İstinat Duvarı, Sismik Davranış, Sonlu Elemanlar Yöntemi, Zemin-Yapı Etkileşimi
- MakaleYalnız künye2018COMPARISON OF FEM SOLUTION WITH ANALYTICAL SOLUTION OF CONTINUOUS AND DISCONTINUOUS CONTACT PROBLEM
Kaya, Yusuf; Polat, Alper; Özsahin, Talat Sukru
The continuous and discontinuous contact problem of a homogeneous layer loaded with three rigid flat blocks and resting on the elastic semi-infinite plane was investigated in this study by using the finite element method (FEM). All surfaces are assumed to be frictionless. The homogenous layer was loaded by means of three rigid flat blocks whose external loads are Q and P (per unit thickness in z direction). Two dimensional finite element analysis of the problem was performed using ANSYS package program. Analyzes were performed for loading conditions which are Q=P, Q=2P, Q=4P, Q=8P and Q=10P, and different values of block widths, distances between blocks and shear modulus. The initial separation loads and initial separation distances (lambda(cr), chi(cr)) between the homogeneous layer and the elastic semi-infinite plane were determined for continuous contact condition. The length of the separation zone was obtained for discontinuous contact condition. In addition to these, normal stress distributions between the layer and the semi-infinite plane were determined for continuous and discontinuous contact conditions. As a result of the study, the analytical results, and the results of the finite element method were shown by comparing as graphs and tables.
AtıfWoS5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2015DYNAMIC DISPLACEMENT AND STRESS ANALYSES OF CANTILEVER RETAINING WALLS CONSIDERING SOIL-STRUCTURE INTERACTION AND WALL FLEXIBILITY
Çakir, Tufan; Dag, Serhat
The Mononobe-Okabe (M-O) method based on limit equilibrium principle is widely used in the design of retaining structures against earthquake loads. However, this method does not consider the soil-structure interaction and wave propagation effects. On the other hand, it is known that the interactions of retaining structures with backfill and foundation soils transform the seismic behavior of these structures to a rather complex problem. The main purpose of this study is to evaluate the soil-structure interaction and wall flexibility effects on the seismic behavior of backfill-cantilever retaining wall-foundation/soil systems. In line with this target, three dimensional finite element models were utilized for analyzing the aforementioned systems. Seismic analyses were carried out in the time domain by considering five different foundation soil conditions and two different wall thicknesses. The results were comparatively interpreted in terms of lateral wall displacements and the stresses occurring at critical sections of the wall. It was observed that these responses may vary significantly due to soil-structure interaction and wall flexibility effects.
AtıfWoS1İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2015Scopus SJRQ2A comparison of support systems obtained from the RMR89 and RMR14 by numerical analyses: Macka Tunnel project, NE Turkey
Kanik, Mustafa; Gurocak, Zulfu; Alemdag, Selcuk
The aim of this study is to highlight the importance of the numerical approach in realistic support design for tunneling. The Macka Tunnel, which is planned to be constructed between the Trabzon-Gumushane highways, located in the Northeastern Turkey, was selected for a field study. The lithology of the study area consists of Late Cretaceous-aged sedimentary rocks, known as the Catak and Esiroglu formations, and the Late Cretaceous-aged Kackar Rhyodacite. In order to determine the geotechnical properties of rock masses and intact rocks, field and laboratory studies were carried out.The rock masses were classified in terms of the Rock Mass Rating (RMR) using the versions of RMR89 and RMR14 and then the preliminary support systems for the tunnel were determined, accordingly. The support systems obtained from the RMR versions were analyzed using the finite element method (FEM). The maximum total displacement and the maximum thickness of plastic zone occurred around the Macka Tunnel after installation the support systems suggested by the RMR89 and RMR14 versions were compared to determine which the RMR version suggests more realistic support system. The results showed that the support systems obtained from the RMR14 version suggests more realistic support element for fair rock masses and great horizontal stress values.
AtıfScopus29WoS27İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ1Assessment of permeability and injection depth at the Atasu dam site (Turkey) based on experimental and numerical analyses
Gurocak, Zulfu; Alemdag, Selcuk
This study was performed in order to evaluate the permeability of the basalts and pyroclastics and the maximum depth of grout injection at the Atasu dam site, Turkey, using the equations of Kiraly and Hoek and Bray based on values obtained from Lugeon tests. In order to evaluate maximum discharge values and depth of injection, seepage analyses were performed using the finite element technique for each 10 m up to 100 m. The results indicate that to establish an impermeable zone at the dam site, the depth of injection should be taken as 50 m for the left and right slopes and 40 m for the river bed.
AtıfScopus45WoS37OpenAlex49İncele - MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2011Scopus SJRQ3Analysis of support requirements for a tunnel portal in weak rock: A case study from Turkey
Kaya, Ayberk; Bulut, Fikri; Alemdaǧ, Selçuk; Sayin, Aytuna
In this paper, engineering geological properties of the entrance portal section of Konakönü Tunnel, located on Black Sea Coastal Highway, Turkey, is studied. Moderately weathered basaltic and andesitic tuffs orderly to be driven by the entrance portal section. Tunnel portal design in weak rock presents some special challenges to the designers, since misjudgements in the design of tunnel can lead to very costly failures. The entrance portal was analyzed by empirical and numerical methods. Both field and laboratory studies were carried out during this study. Field studies involved geological mapping, detailed discontinuity surveying and sampling. Laboratory tests were carried out to determine the physico-mechanical and elastical properties of rock units. For this purpose, tunnel stability analyses were performed at the entrance portal section. The RMR (rock mass rating), Q (rock mass quality), RMi (rock mass index), NATM (new Austrian tunnelling method) and GSI (geological strength index) systems were employed for empirical rock mass quality determination and preliminary tunnel portal support design. The parameters calculated by the empirical methods were used as input parameters for the FEM (finite element method) analysis. The results from the two methods were compared and preliminary support designs were carried out. This comparison suggests that for more reliable support design, empirical and finite element methods should be combined.
AtıfScopus32OpenAlex33İncele
