Suffixes -(I)p /-(U)p and Their Functions in Turkmen Turkish

Suffixes -(I)p and -(U)p have been used as verbal adverb suffixes during the historical development of Turkish language. When these suffixes are added, verbs modify the central meaning in terms of 'situation, time and style.' Therefore, they are used instead of the verbal adverb suffix (- arak), not used in Turkmen Turkish, that is used to refer to situation and style. These suffixes mostly form verbal adverbs stating situation and style with their function mentioned above in Turkmen Turkish. Besides, when they are added to verbs, they form descriptive verbs by attaching verbs to auxiliary verbs. In this case, it has been seen that they take role in the formation of descriptive verbs that refer to sufficiency, quickness, duration, process, ending and starting. As these suffixes have the function of attaching completed conclusions to another conclusion, they have lost their verbal adverb function in time in Azerbaijani Turkish as in Turkmen Turkish and have been used as past perfect tense. These suffixes are used especially in second-person singular and plural in past perfect form in Turkmen Turkish. They are used in the form of past perfect tense when followed by the (- dir) affix.