Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/14193
  Snow cover detection using remote sensing techniques over different climate zones of Türkiye

  Çakir, Günay; Bozali, Nuri; Sivrikaya, Fatih

  Snow-covered land surfaces can be easily mapped using remote sensing technologies. Accurate estimation of snow cover on the land surface allows for the construction of water resource management today. Using Landsat TM/ETM + satellite images, this study tried to assess how much snowfall covered the soil in Trabzon, Gümüşhane, and Bayburt provinces between 1999 and 2023. Satellite images were classified into three categories using the ERDAS 9.1 TM software. These classes are classified as snow-covered surfaces, other places, and data loss (cloud-shadow). When performing image analysis, it was important to verify that the cloudiness rate in the images was less than 15%. Images with cloudiness rates of more than 15% were not used. Seasonal and annual trend analysis of snow-covered areas (SCA) over three distinct regions (Trabzon, Gümüşhane, and Bayburt) were examined using the Mann-Kendall test. When three distinct study regions were examined together, Bayburt had the highest SCA rate, followed by Gümüşhane and Trabzon. In all three fields, the highest SCA was recorded in 2000, while the lowest SCA was recorded in 2017. The trends noticed that SCA on both annual and seasonal scales did not reach the statistical significance level of 0.05. Although snowfall in Trabzon, Gümüşhane, and Bayburt was beneficial in the autumn and spring seasons, no statistically significant association was found. The research concluded that the existing data are inadequate to make any statements on the impact of global warming in the area. However, the study figured out that satellite data may be effectively used to identify snowy places as a result of the study. Comparable investigations need to be undertaken in regions with varying climates, utilizing diverse remote sensing data and classification methodologies.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/20141
  Orman Ekosisteminin Su Üretim Değerinin Galyan Su Üretim Havzasında Değerlendirilmesi (Atasu Barajı)

  Çakir, Günay; Sivrikaya, Fatih; Bozali, Nuri

  Orman ekosistem hizmetleri; tedarik, düzenleyici, destekleyici ve kültürel hizmetleri bünyesinde barındırmaktadır. İnsanlar ve canlıların ekosistemden doğrudan veya dolaylı olarak elde ettiği faydalar çok çeşitlidir. Ekosistemin sunduğu düzenleyici hizmetler sürdürülebilir kalkınma ve insan yaşamı açısından önem arz etmektedir. Aynı zamanda ekosistem hizmetleri insan refahı ile yakından ilişkilidir. Yaşamın en temel taşlarından birisi de su kaynaklarıdır. Dünya yüzeyinde kullanılabilir suyun çok az olması ve su kaynaklarının insanlara sunduğu hizmetlerin artması bu önemi daha da artırmıştır. Su döngüsünün faydalı bir biçimde kullanılması için evapotranspirasyon süreçlerinin de belirlenmesine ihtiyaç duyulmuştur. Faydalı suyun depolanmasında barajlar inşa edilmektedir. Baraj havzaları içerisinde mevcut arazi örtüsünün korunması ya da geliştirilmesi gerekmektedir. Bu çalışmada, bazı ülkelerdeki içme suyu havzalarındaki ormancılık çalışmaları ile ekosistem hizmetleri arasındaki ilişkiler ele alınarak Trabzon ilinin içme suyu ihtiyacının yaklaşık %70’ini sağlayan Galyan (Atasu Baraj) havzasındaki orman ekosisteminin sürekliliği açısından değerlendirmelerde bulunulmuştur. Orman ekosistemi ile su üretiminin karşılıklı etkileşimlerine değinilmiştir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/12828
  Significance of Model Forest Stakeholders in the Management of Sustainable Forest Resources: The Case of Yalova Model Forest, Turkey

  Bekiroğlu, Sultan; Özdemir, Mehmet; Özyürek, Ercan; Çakır, Günay

  Success of model forests, which are organized to support sustainable management of forests in collaboration with environmental, social, and economic forces on forest-based large territories, depends on the development of civil society index dimensions defined as “stakeholder participation,” “organizational structure,” “environment,” “values,” and “impact.” In this study, which was carried out within the scope of Yalova Model Forest, situation analysis strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was used as a method. Literature and official documents, expert opinions on “stakeholder engagement,” and data obtained through a 30-question survey were used as material. In this study, “historical development,”“legal regulations,” “activities” of Yalova Model Forest and weaknesses, strengths, opportunities, threats of civil society index and strategies pertaining to them were determined. Strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats analysis was conducted by forming four separate focus groups for four dimensions of the Yalova Model Forest civil society index. According to the results of this study, the stakeholder participation dimension was concluded to be exceedingly inadequate. This is evidenced by advocate stakeholders’ insufficient participation rates in activities, absence of adverse stakeholders in this reconciliation platform, and the fact that 99% of dormant–indifferent stakeholders are unaware of this organization’s existence. Therefore, stakeholder participation dimension should be strengthened and the strategic plans that will be implemented should be prepared with the participation of stakeholders. Otherwise, Yalova Model Forest’s existence, as a civil society organization, will be jeopardized. However, active advocate stakeholders’ enthusiasm about resolving problems is reassuring for the future of Yalova Model Forest.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20260
  Giresun ilinde Covid-19 pandemisinin ekoturizmi nasıl etkilediğinin belirlenmesi

  Çakir, Günay; Kır, Haşim

  Ekoturizm, insanların doğal ortamlarda eğlenerek ve doğa harikalarını hayranlıkla izleyerek vakit geçirdikleri bir aktivite türüdür. Doğal güzelliğin en önemli özelliklerinden biri sosyal ve kültürel sakinliği sağlama potansiyelidir. Türkiye'de Mart 2020'de Covid 19 pandemisi salgını haini almaya başlamıştır. Bu çalışma, Giresun'un ekoturizm destinasyonlarını 2018-2021 yılları arasında kaç kişinin ziyaret ettiğini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Özellikle 2020 yılında bölgeye gelen turist sayısı azalmıştır. Giresun İli'ne gelen ziyaretçiler, İl Turizm Müdürlüğü tarafından kentin girişinde kayıt altına alınmaktadır. Turizm acentelerinin kayıtları hem yerli hem de yabancı turistlerin tespitini kolaylaştırmaktadır. Giresun iline 2018 yılında 182313 turist ve 2020 yılında 105064 turist gelmiştir. Covid-19 pandemisi nedeniyle turist sayısında iki yılda 77249 azalma olmuştur. Pandemi kısıtlamalarına rağmen yerli turistler temiz hava ve güzel bir yaşam tarzı sağladığı için eko-turizm mekânlarını tercih etmişlerdir. Giresun'a uzak bölgelerden gelen yerli turistler ekoturizm bölgelerinde konaklamışlardır. Bölgemizde çok sayıda ekoturizm destinasyonu bulunmasına rağmen altyapı, ulaşım alternatifleri ve konaklama imkânlarının yetersizliği nedeniyle çok sayıda ziyaretçinin çevre illere yöneldiği de tespit edilmiştir.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/16495
  Analysis of Basin Characteristics for Stream Management Using GIS: A Case Study of Gümühane Micro-Watershed

  Çakir, Gunay

  Aim of study: Topography and climatic conditions have effected in determining the processes of the streams of the micro-watershed. Nowadays, the management plans were made for water and soil protection measures in the basins. Area of study: This study was carried outto characterize and prioritize the streams of the Gumushane upper Harsit micro-watershed using a GIS-based spatial approach. Material and methods: Fundamental watershed characteristics including drainage density, slope, land use types, and stream class were evaluated and interpreted for the Gumushane micro-watershed. Calculatea comprehensive value for each parameter, drainage density (Dd), flow frequency (Fs), slope (S), length of land flow (Lg), and land use (Lu) was used. Main results: The drainage density, stream flow frequency, and form factor of the microwatershed are from-4 to 26. Finally, the weighted rankings were summarized, and all micro-watersheds were categorized to five classes based on the risk index as very low risk, low risk, medium risk, high risk, and very high risk. This risk map overlaid to land use type maps in GIS where risk areas were evaluated in the finalrisk results. The 739 ha productive forest area within very high-risk areas was changed to non-risk parameters. Highlights: The carrying capacity of streams was calculated using the stream density of streams in the Gumushane micro-watershed. The risk values produced by streams that pass through neighborhoods where land use values for preventing erosion are present.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/16041
  Assessing Spatio-Temporal Change and Dynamics of Forest Ecosystem Succession Using Patch Analysis

  Sivrikaya, Fatih; Çakir, Gunay

  Aim of study: This study focuses on creating a secondary forest succession (SFS) map between 1972 and 2014 according to the Clementsian theory based on land cover, assessing the spatio-temporal pattern of forest succession change, and determining the factors affecting the forest ecosystem.Area of study: This study was conducted at the cermik Forest Enterprise (FE) in Diyarbakir city, located in the Southeastern Anatolia Region of Turkiye.Material and methods: Clementsian theory, Remote Sensing (RS), and Geographical Information System (GIS) were used to generate the SFS map. Patch Analyst 4.0 was used to determine changes in spatiotemporal patterns with landscape indices.Main results: The total forested area increased from 32405.1 ha (13% of the study area) in 1972 to 45054.7 ha (18% of the study area) in 2014, with a net increase of 12649.6 ha. It was determined that the progressive succession area was 87736.7 ha, the regressive succession area was 39216.5 ha, and the unchanged succession area was approximately 129989.6 ha. The number of patches increased over a 42 -year period.Research highlights: The forest ecosystem was more fragmented, with patches becoming more irregular, complex, and edgy.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12631
  Modelling some stand parameters using Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 satellite images by machine learning techniques: a case study in Türkiye

  Bulut, Sinan; Günlü, Alkan; Çakır, Günay

  Remote sensing technologies have been extensively used in forest management in predicting stand parameters. The goal of this study is to use Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images to estimate stand volume, basal area, number of trees, mean diameter, and top height. 180 temporary sample plots were taken in pure Crimean pine stands with varied structure. Reflectance, vegetation indices, and eight texture values were generated from Landsat 8 and Sentinel-2 satellite images. The stand parameters were modelled with the remotely sensed data using multiple linear regression, support vector machine, and deep learning techniques. The results showed that the support vector machine technique provided the highest level of model performance with 45° orientation for number of trees (R2 = 0.98, RMSE%=5.97) and 90° orientation for basal area (R2=0.91, RMSE%=15.22). The results indicated that the texture values presented better results than the reflectance and the vegetation indices in estimating the stand parameters.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022/r/gumushane/17319
  Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin Dijital Dönüşüm ve Covid-19 Pandemisine İlişkin Çalışmalarının Değerlendirilmesi

  Çam, Handan; Çakır, Günay; Zeybek, Halil İbrahim; Sipahi, Ferkan

  Dünya, 2019 yılında ortaya çıkan ve 2020 yılı başında pandemiye dönüşen SARS-CoV virüs salgını ile mücadele etmeye başlamış ve salgın tüm yaşam biçimimizi etkilemiştir. Bu zorlu süreçte tüm insanlık bir arada savaş vermek zorunda kalmıştır. Salgından önce teknolojik gelişmeler ve çevresel kirlilikler hayatımızın her alanında etkili olmaya başlamışken, salgınla eğitimde de radikal değişiklikler olmuştur. Ülkemizde salgın öncesi az sayıda üniversite uzaktan eğitimde ön planda yer almıştır. Yükseköğretim Kurulu, pandemiden önce, üniversitelerde dijital teknoloji kullanımını yaygınlaştırma stratejisi ile geleceği görerek etkili bir adım atmış ve “Yükseköğrenimde Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi” başlatmıştır. Bilgi teknolojileri kullanımının yaygınlaşması, öğrenme tekniklerinin değişmesi, toplumsal istekler, öğrenen/öğreten profili ve son olarak pandemi, dijital dönüşümde etkili olmuştur. Dijital dönüşümün gerekliliği, pandemi döneminde daha belirgin şekilde anlaşılmıştır ve yaşanılan zorluklar, toplumlarda farklı eğilimlerin daha hızlı benimsenmesine neden olmuştur. Gümüşhane Üniversitesi de Yükseköğretim Kurulu’nun 2018 yılında başlattığı Dijital Dönüşüm Projesi’ne ikinci aşamada dahil olmuştur. Bu çalışmanın ana amacı da Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin COVID-19 pandemisi dönemindeki dijital dönüşüm ve pandemi odaklı çalışmaların bir kısmını değerlendirmektir. Sonuç olarak, Gümüşhane Üniversitesinin pandemi süreci boyunca oldukça başarılı faaliyetler yürütmüş ve dijitalleşmeyi eğitimin her alanına yaymak adına önemli çabalar sarf etmiştir.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/gumushane/16683
  DETERMINATION OF THE HONEY PRODUCTION AREAS WITHIN LAND USE TYPES: A CASE STUDY TERCAN, TURKEY

  Cakir, Gunay

  Forestry makes decisions based on one of the tactical planning applications for decades' years. Especially forested areas and rangeland provide very wide support to the world in terms of fresh air and food. In particular, World areas provide a wide range of support for living things in terms of naturalness and nutrition. Honey is not only a source of healing for humans but also the richness of the natural. Honey producing activities (beekeeping) was generally done in the open areas in and around the forest or rangeland. This study was carried out in Tercan Forest Planning Unit (FPU) in 2013 to determine the areas of beekeeping with the help of high-resolution aerial photographs. Placed hive areas for honey production had been identified in Tercan FPU. The distances of honey production areas and other areas to land use types were determined in GIS environment. Of these 95 beehive areas had found in Tercan Forest Planning Units. These hive areas were produced to buffer zone map that is respectively 0-500 m, 501-1000 m, 1001-1500 m and 1501-2000 m. Analysis to the distance of the hive areas with land use maps has been determined in GIS environment. The estimated amount of honey production has been tried to be rubbed over honey hive numbers. The location of honey casings is generally found in the land use classes, which are close to freshwater.

  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/16045
  Effects of Using Solar Water Heating System on Fuelwood Consumption in Forest Villages

  Çakir, Gunay; Tonyali, Suleyman

  Ain of study: In this study, the effects of the use of solar water heating system of forest villagers in Gumushane were investigated. Material and methods: For this purpose, random selected by 70 forest village households were examined and the results were analyzed by One Sample T-Test. Within the scope of the research, face-to-face surveys were conducted with the families with the villagers who were determined with information provided by Department of Forest-Village Relations. The villagers were chosen among those who had used this solar energy heating system for at least 5 years. The data in the questionnaires were transferred to digital media and it was tried to determine how the forest villagers were affected by solar water heating systems. Main results: As a result, after the use of solar water heating systems; the consumption of firewood for heating has not changed. The consumption of wood used for cooking and the consumption of wood used for hot water has also decreased. Highlights: Thanks to this solar water heating system, carbon accumulation in forests has increased and a positive contribution has been made to climate change.

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