Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ1/r/gumushane/12443
  The technology, innovation, and income inequality nexus: an investigation on G7 countries

  Çelik, Orkun; Sayın, Ferhan

  This paper aims to explore the causality nexus among technology, innovation, and income inequality for G7 countries. For this aim, the bootstrap panel Granger approach is employed. The dataset covers the years between 1981 and 2015. Using two different Gini coefficients with pre-tax and post-tax income, the impact of income taxes on the nexus above is investigated. The results indicate that the bi-directional causality nexus is not detected in G7 countries except France. The signs of the nexus become different by countries. In this differentiation, income tax plays an important role. The novelty of this paper is to consider both the bi-directional causality and the effect of income tax in the technology, innovation, and income inequality nexus. It is thought that obtained findings may play a significant role in determining income distribution policies for policymakers.

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  AtıfScopus2·WoS3·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/gumushane/12823
  Does ecological footprint in ECCAS and ECOWAS converge? Empirical evidence from a panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks

  Çelik, Orkun; Adali, Zafer; Bari, Bilgin

  The costs due to climate change have been increasing day by day. In addition to the risk of losing our planet’s natural assets due to the increasing destructiveness of climate-related natural disasters and extreme climate events, we are also faced with grave economic risks. For this reason, researchers have recently focused on environmental issues. Nevertheless, they generally have investigated developed countries and ignored developing and least developed countries such as African countries. The United Nations (2015) report highlights that African countries should be specially investigated. Hence, the paper analyzes whether the ecological footprint in the Economic Community of Central African States (ECCAS) and Economic Community of West African States (ECOWAS) converges for the period from 1961 to 2017. We employ Bahmani-Oskooee et al.’s (2014) panel unit root test with sharp and smooth breaks. The empirical findings demonstrate that the ecological footprint is stationary in ECCAS and ECOWAS. Stated in other words, the ecological footprint in these countries converges. Therefore, policymakers could implement similar policies to reduce the ecological footprint in these countries. This policy framework paves the way for an effective sustainable development.

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  AtıfScopus13·WoS11·OpenAlex18

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023Scopus SJRQ1/r/gumushane/11413
  Testing the Short, Medium, and Long-Term Effects of Shocks on Ecological Balance

  Yilanci, Veli; Adali, Zafer; Çelik, Orkun; Bari, Bilgin

  Ecological balance is an indicator of environmental degradation, which is computed as the difference between biocapacity and ecological footprint. In this study, we examine whether the effect of shocks on the ecological balance is permanent or temporary in the EU-15 countries, considering the period from 1961 to 2018. The application of unit root tests, with and without a Fourier function, indicates that the effects of shocks are temporary in only four countries. To reveal the persistence of shocks at different frequencies, that is, the short-, medium-, and long-run, we decomposed the ecological balance series by using the Discrete Wavelet Transform method. The unit root test results show that the effects of shocks are temporary in all countries in the short-run. However, the results also show that the shocks are temporary in nine countries in the medium-run and ten countries in the long-run. Thus, the implemented policies to balance ecology are not effective in the short-run but are effective in only six countries in the medium-term and in only five countries in the long-term. These findings demonstrate the importance of considering different frequencies when testing the effectiveness of empirically implemented policies. Regarding policy implications, this study suggests focusing on medium- and long-term environmental policies rather than short-term ones.

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  AtıfScopus4·WoS3·OpenAlex6

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ1/r/gumushane/16472
  How human capital affects labor income share at the sectoral level?: Evidence from the EU-13 countries and the UK

  Çelik, Orkun

  Purpose The author investigates the effects of human capital on labor income share in the 15 sectors of the European Union (EU)-13 countries and the United Kingdom (UK) over the period 2008-2015. Design/methodology/approach The author employs pooled ordinary least squares (OLS) estimation with panel data, using the EU KLEMS database. Findings The results show that when education level increases, labor income share increases and gender-based labor income share differentials decrease. Return to education is higher in qualitative sectors in contrast with the other sectors. Moreover, there are gender-based labor income share differentials at the sectoral level. These differentials are higher in nonqualitative sectors, while they are relatively lower in qualitative sectors. Research limitations/implications The biggest limitation of the study is that the data range cannot be expanded because of the database. The author is of opinion that the empirical findings will guide to policy makers in terms of wage setting. Originality/value The expected contribution of this study to the literature is to investigate the effect of human capital on labor income share at the sectoral level for the EU-13 countries and the UK. As far as the author knows, there is no study which investigates this topic at the sectoral level such a comprehensive, in the literature.

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  AtıfWoS5·OpenAlex6

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022Scopus SJRQ2/r/gumushane/11805
  Economic Integration, Spatial Interaction and Labour Income Share: Evidence from the EU-13 Countries and the UK

  Çelik, Orkun; Karadağ, Metin

  We aim to investigate the effect of Single Market Programme on the spatial interaction of labour income share amongst the EU countries. Spatial panel data analysis is used for the aim of the study. The dataset is obtained from AMECO and WDI databases and covers the time period of 1960–2017. The results show that sign of spatial interaction between these countries in term of the labour income share has turned from positive to negative after the Single Market Programme. In other words, the Single Market Programme has induced to decrease the labour income share by negatively affecting the spatial interaction between these countries. In addition, we find that although the negative impacts of capital-output ratio and trade openness on the labour income share decrease, the negative impact of total factor productivity increases after the Single Market Programme. The results of robustness check also confirm our empirical findings.

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  AtıfWoS1·OpenAlex3

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021/r/gumushane/17650
  Causality linkages between income inequality and financial globalization for G7 countries

  Çelik, Orkun

  The main aim of this study is to evaluate the causality linkages between income inequality and financial glo- balization for G7 countries over the period 1970-2015. The bootstrap panel Granger causality analysis by Kónya (2006) is used. The empirical results indicate that there is a causality linkage between income inequality and fi- nancial globalization in most of the G7 countries. Furthermore, it is shown that income tax has a significant role on the causality linkage. Hence, in order to reduce income inequality, policy makers should apply high taxes on top income, using fiscal policy instruments.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin1

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/17550
  The nexus between financial globalization and income inequality: the case of emerging market economies

  Çelik, Orkun

  We analyze the causality nexus between financial globalization and income inequality for 19 Emerging Market Economies.We use the bootstrap panel causality analysis. The dataset covers the period 1979-2012. The results indicate that there is apositive causality nexus between financial globalization and income inequality. Also, they show that Granger causality runningfrom financial globalization to income inequality is seen in many countries such as Chile, China, Colombia, Egypt, India,Indonesia, Pakistan, and Singapore while there is Granger causality running from income inequality to financial globalizationin Egypt and Iran. Furthermore, there is bidirectional Granger causality in Malaysia, Philippines, and Thailand. The results arenot consistent with the conventional wisdom.

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  AtıfOpenAlex2·TR Dizin2

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/17477
  The Effect of Public Investment on Gender Inequalities in Employment in Turkey: Spatial Panel Data Analysis

  Çelik, Orkun

  The main aim of this study is to investigate the impact of regional public investments on male and female employment in Turkey, applying a spatial panel data analysis. The dataset covers for the period 2004-2018 and includes 26 regions at NUTS-2 level. According to the obtained empirical findings, there is a positive spatial interaction in male employment, while there is no statistically significant spatial interaction for female employment. Furthermore, while the impact of the regional public investments on male employment is positive, there is no significant impact of these investments on female employment. The impact of regional investment incentives and regional welfare on male and female employment is positive. This positive effect is higher in female employment. The impact of regional labor productivity on male and female employment is also negative. In addition, a rise in the regional labor productivity leads to further decrease female employment.

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  AtıfOpenAlex4·TR Dizin4

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• MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ3/r/gumushane/16580
  THE ROLE OF GENDER IN THE INVESTIGATION AT REGIONAL LEVEL FOR TURKEY

  Çelik, Orkun; Erer, Elif

  We aim to explore the role of gender in the government expenditure and unemployment nexus at regional level for Turkey. For this aim, we use the dataset covering the period 2004-2019 for 26 NUTS-2 regions in Turkey and employ a panel ARDL approach. The obtained empirical findings show that government expenditure and gross domestic product per capita provide overall, female, and male unemployment rates to diminish in the long term, which means the Keynesian approach is valid on the long term. Nevertheless, on the short term, government expenditure induces rises in the male and female unemployment rates. This result indicates the validation of the Abrams Curve Hypotesis in male and female unemployment rates on the short term. Also, inflation rate increases overall and male unemployment rate on the long term, but having significant and positive impact on only female unemployment rate on the short term. All these findings show that gender has a significant role in this nexus. The expected contribution of this study to literature is to investigate the impact of government expenditure on unemployment by gender at regional level for Turkey. We are of opinion that our empirical findings can guide policy makers in active plans fighting unemployment.

  İncele
• Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/14759
  Investigation of the foreign direct investment and environmental pollution nexus for developing countries

  Çelik, Orkun; Korkmaz, Özge; Adalı, Zafer

  In theory, the foreign direct investment and environmental pollution nexus is explained by three hypotheses. Firstly, pollution haven hypothesis assumes that there is a positive nexus between these variables. Secondly, pollution halo hypothesis supposes that there is negative connection between these variables. Lastly, neutrality hypothesis asserts the non-existence of the connection between these variables. In recent years, many researchers have frequently tested whether these hypotheses are valid for different countries. In this study, applying Westerlund panel cointegration test, the authors aim to explore the nexus between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution for 23 developing countries after global crisis. For this aim, they use annual data covering the period 2009-2019. According to the obtained empirical findings, the presence of the long-term nexus between foreign direct investment and environmental pollution is not detected for 23 developing countries. Accordingly, the authors can say that there is neutrality hypothesis.

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  AtıfScopus1·OpenAlex4

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