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Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/19348
  An Analysis of Forest Crimes Committed between 1997-2025 at the Trabzon Forest Regional Directorate

  Güvendı, Engın; Kahyaoğlu, Nuray; Ertuğrul, Murat Han

  Forests have been one of the most valuable resources for human survival and meeting needs from the beginning of life to the present day. Even the smallest intervention in forests can affect all living things. Therefore, forest crimes are an important issue that needs to be addressed in terms of the sustainable management of natural and forest resources. In this study, forest crimes, crime types, and the distribution of these crimes within the Trabzon Regional Forestry Directorate (OBM) and its affiliated Forestry Management Directorates (OİM) between 1997 and 2025 were examined. According to the research findings, a total of 15,879 crimes were committed in Trabzon OBM during the relevant period, of which 9131 were cutting, 2664 were clearing, 1464 were occupation, 1214 were possession, 755 were transportation, 337 were consumption, 112 were grazing, 115 were arson, 2 were hunting, and 1 was mining. The results show that the most common types of crime in Trabzon Forestry Directorate and its affiliated Forest Management Units are logging, clearing, and illegal occupation, while grazing, arson, mining, and hunting crimes remain at low levels. In conclusion, the types of crimes committed in forest areas within the jurisdiction of the Trabzon Regional Directorate of Forestry and its affiliated Forest Management Directorates, as well as the causes of these crimes, have been comprehensively evaluated; based on the findings, various recommendations have been developed to reduce the frequency of these crimes.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19514
  Örümcek ormanlarının topraküstü karbon depolama miktarlarının bazı ekolojik faktörler açısından değerlendirilmesi (Gümüşhane-Kürtün)

  Güvendı, Engın; Kahyaoğlu, Nuray; Ertuğrul, Murat Han

  Giriş ve Hedefler Ülkemizdeki farklı orman ekosistemlerinin karbon bağlama potansiyelinin belirlenmesine ve tahmin edilmesine yönelik çalışmalar incelendiğinde sadece ağaçlar üzerinde çalışmalar yapılmış olduğu görülmektedir. Ancak “Orman” deyimini sadece ağaç topluluğu olarak algılamak doğru değildir. Ormanı ağaçlarla birlikte aralarında karşılıklı etki ve ilişkiler bulunan diğer bitkiler, hayvanlar, mikroorganizma, toprak, hava, su ve iklim gibi diğer doğa faktörlerinin birlikte oluşturdukları bir sistem olarak kabul etmek gerekir. İşte bu nedenledir ki; söz konusu çalışmada, Gümüşhane-Kürtün yöresi için çok büyük öneme sahip olan Örümcek Ormanları, klimatik, edafik (toprak özellikleri), fizyografik (denizden yükseklik, bakı, eğim) ve biyotik (arazi kullanım sınıfı, bonitet) özellikler bakımından incelenerek yükselti, eğim ve bakı etmenlerine göre karbon depolama miktarlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Yöntemler Araştırmanın gerçekleştirilmesine yönelik gerekli veriler amenajman planlarından elde edilmiştir. Topraküstü biyokütle ve buna bağlı olarak topraküstü karbonun hesaplanması için literatür verilerinden yararlanılmıştır. Çalışmada yapılan hesaplama ve haritalama çalışmaları Coğrafi Bilgi Sistemleri ortamında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Bulgular Toplamda 30332,48 ha alanda depolanan topraküstü karbon değerleri toplamının 485249,30 ton/ha olduğu belirlenmiştir. Çalışma sonucunda; en fazla topraküstü karbon, yükselti basamaklarına göre 288247,77 ton ile 1501-2000m aralığında, eğim sınıflarına göre 464121,69 ton ile pek sarp alanlarda, bakı gruplarına göre 340870,72 ton ile kuzeyli bakılarda, bonitet sınıflarına göre 332907,65 ton ile IV. bonitet sınıfında, arazi kullanım sınıflarına göre ise 477058,26 ton ile verimli orman alanlarında olduğu belirlenmiştir. Sonuçlar Böylesine büyük bir öneme sahip olan Örümcek Tabiatı Koruma Alanı’nda yetişme ortamı koşulları ve ormanın yapısı çok iyi etüt edilmelidir.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12786
  Predicting and Mapping Dominant Height of Oriental Beech Stands Using Environmental Variables in Sinop, Northern Turkey

  Yener, Ismet; Guvendi, Engin

  The dominant height of forest stands (SDH) is an essential indicator of site productivity in operational forest management. It refers to the capacity of a particular site to support stand growth. Sites with taller dominant trees are typically more productive and may be more suitable for certain management practices. The present study investigated the relationship between the dominant height of oriental beech stands and numerous environmental variables, including physiographic, climatic, and edaphic attributes. We developed models and generated maps of SDH using multilinear regression (MLR) and regression tree (RT) techniques based on environmental variables. With this aim, the total height, diameter at breast height, and age of sample trees were measured on 222 sample plots. Additionally, topsoil samples (0–20 cm) were collected from each plot to analyze the physical and chemical soil properties. The statistical results showed that latitude, elevation, mean annual maximum temperature, and several soil attributes (i.e., bulk density, field capacity, organic carbon, and pH) were significantly correlated with the SDH. The RT model outperformed the MLR model, explaining 57% of the variation in the SDH with an RMSE of 2.37 m. The maps generated by both models clearly indicated an increasing trend in the SDH from north to south, suggesting that elevation above sea level is a driving factor shaping forest canopy height. The assessments, models, and maps provided by this study can be used by forest planners and land managers, as there is no reliable data on site productivity in the studied region.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/17674
  The relatıonshıps between the sıte ındex of marıtıme pıne plantıng areas and some ecologıcal factors (case of sınop-bektaşa regıon)

  Güvendı, Engın; Kahyaoğlu, Nuray

  In order to meet the increase in demand for wood raw materials in Turkey, it has become imperative to focus on reforestation efforts. It is generally recommended to use consensual and rapidly developing species in afforestation studies. In this respect, our country's Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait.) it appears to be a good species to be used in industrial afforestation. For this reason, it is important to start working from the places where productivity is highest in order to obtain the highest income at the end of the period by determining the most important growing environment factors and the degree of impact that affect the development and growth of Maritime Pine. Therefore, it is seen that studies investigating the characteristics of the growing environment in the Western Black Sea region where this species is best developed are insufficient. In this study, the relationships between the absolute depth, mechanical composition (texture), soil reaction, organic matter quantity, external soil condition and humus form of the soils in the Maritime Pine afforestation area spread within the boundaries of Sinop-Bektaşa Forest Management Directorate and productivity (site index) were determined. For this purpose, a total of 145 soil samples were taken from 35 sample areas from Maritime Pine stands within the borders of Sinop-Bektaşa Forest Management Directorate. Soil type, soil reaction, organic matter, water holding capacity (WHC) etc. on soil samples taken such features have been identified. In addition, 20-year-old upper height values were calculated for each sample area. The calculated site index is divided into 3 groups: good, medium, low. The relationships between the site index and some soil properties in each sample area were statistically determined. As a result; there was a determined positive correlation between site index and clay (%), silt (%), organic matter content (%) and water holding capacity (%) and negative correlation with sand amount (%).

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2020/r/gumushane/14869
  Effects of elevation on the aboveground biomass and carbon stock in the oriental beech (Fagus orientalis lipsky) forests of the Sinop region, Turkey

  Kahyaoğlu, N.; Kara, Ö.; Güvendi, E.

  In this study it was our aim to assess the amount of aboveground biomass and carbon stock of beech stands based on elevation. To achieve this, in the research area, 55 trial sites were chosen by selective sampling method depending on elevation climatic zones (400–600 m, 600–800 m, 800–1000 m). In these trial areas, 55 trees were cut down and the weights of their bark, leaves, stem and branches were determined. The carbon content of each component was calculated. The results of the study showed that, in all elevation zones, the stem wood had the highest average biomass and carbon stock values of all the tree components (for the 400–600 m, biomass was 199.19 kg and carbon stock was 95.82 kg; for the 600–800 m, biomass was 378.75 kg and carbon stock was 182.49 kg; for the 800–1000 m, biomass was 372.56 kg and carbon stock was 183.39 kg). This was followed by the branches, bark and leaves in descending order. The aboveground biomass in the single tree components of leaves, branches, stem and total biomass, all except the biomass of their bark varied with elevation in oriental beech stands, which are economically significant species in Turkey.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2016/r/gumushane/15238
  Determination of stand structure in even-aged oriental beech forests in Turkey; [Determinación de la estructura de rodales de Fagus orientalis coetáneos en Turquía]

  Kahriman, Aydın; Altun, Lokman; Güvendi, Engin

  This study aimed at developing a stand yield model for even-aged and pure Oriental beech (Fagus orientalis) stands in Sinop Province, located in the north of Turkey. The data used in this study were obtained from 238 sample plots. The sample plots are 24–131 years of stand age range, 19.0–35.9 m of site index range, and 2.2–10.8 of stand density range (relative density index). With the generated equation systems, stand age, site index and density of the three main factors in Oriental beech stands, including the effects of individual, dual and triple factor interactions on the stands were numerically determined. As for even-aged Oriental beech stands, the main stand volume values increase depending on age, site index and density. The number of stems per hectare decreases as the stand grows older, and site index rises; the number, however, increases in parallel with stand density. The current annual volume increment reaches a peak at 30-35 years at all site index groups and density levels, and begins to fall afterwards. Mean annual volume increment peaks up at 65-75 years at all site index classes and density levels, before beginning to decline. The results were in arrangement with the acknowledged growth rules. Stand yield models were assessed as Density-Variable Yield Table used for estimation of the remaining, removal and total stands.

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