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Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/14212
  Remuneration and Duties in Ottoman Waqfs: The Case of Hafsa Sultan Waqf (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)

  Karademir, Ayşenur

  Ottoman charitable endowments, known as waqfs, were established by the sultan, his family, and the members of the ruling class, serving as primary employment institutions during the classical period. These waqfs offered a broad range of social services through various public structures, thereby employing a vast number of individuals with diverse skills and educational backgrounds across the empire. This study focuses specifically on wage determination within the Manisa Waqf of Hafsa Sultan, the mother of the renowned Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, established in 1523. The waqf complex outlined in the endowment deed, comprised a mosque, a primary school, a madrasa, a dervish lodge (hankah) and a soup-kitchen (imaret). Subsequently, it expanded to include a hospital (dârüşşifâ) and a Turkish bath (hamam). Starting with an analysis of the endowment deed, this study further examines the seventeenth and eighteenth-century accounting books retrieved from the Ottoman Archives. These records reveal various aspects, including the waqf’s expansion, the increasing employment individuals, changes in daily wages over time, in-kind payments, challenges encountered during inflationary periods, and practical measures implemented to mitigate these issues.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19656
  Economic and Financial History of Hüsnüşah Hatun Waqf in Manisa (1632-1789)

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study examines the waqf of Hüsnüşah Hatun, the wife of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Şehzade Şehinşah Sultan, in Manisa. The waqf’s charitable structures include a mosque, a school, and an imaret. Additionally, the Kurşunlu Han is also among these structures. The aim of the study is to outline the profile of the Hüsnüşah Hatun Waqf and to analyze its revenues, personnel salaries, and expenditures. This analysis is based on the waqf’s accounting books covering the years 1632-1789. The key finding of the study is the transformation in the waqf’s spending priorities. Initially, the primary focus was on the foundation’s core services and personnel payments. However, by the late XVIIIth century, a significant portion of the waqf’s revenues had begun to be allocated to expenditures such as treasury shares.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19481
  The Hafsa Sultan Waqf in the Early Seventeenth Century According to Accounting Books (1603-1635)

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study focuses on the Manisa waqf of Hafsa Sultan, the mother of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. The waqf included charitable institutions and revenue sources from various locations, particularly Urla and Manisa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and financial aspects of the waqf based on accounting registers from the years 1603–1635, a period marked by various rebellions in the region. According to the accounting data, the waqf paid salaries to approximately 200 personnel, making it a prominent employment institution in Manisa. Additionally, the expenditures of the imaret (soup kitchen), which exceeded half a million akçes in the early 17th century, can be interpreted as indirectly supporting the regional economy. The study concludes that the waqf experienced cash shortages and navigated the period through financial measures. Following the sudden rise in food prices in 1604, kitchen expenses were significantly reduced. Nonetheless, the waqf managed to maintain its operations and, for the most part, made salaries and various payments on time.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/16696
  Aspects of Employment in Ottoman Waqfs Examples of Fatih, Yavuz Selim, and Süleymaniye Waqfs

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study examines the role of Ottoman imperial waqfs as employment institutions, focusing on the salary register EV.HMH.1178, prepared for the Fatih, Yavuz Selim, and S & uuml;leymaniye waqfs in the early 18th century. By analyzing the administrative and financial oversight documented in this register, the article explores the redistributive functions of these waqfs and their contribution to sustaining long-term social and economic stability. Special attention is given to the intervention of the central office (Sadr-& imath; Acirc;li Nezareti/Grand Vizier's Office) through an imperial decree and the classification of employee roles by workplace. This research contributes to the literature on waqfs by providing insights into their employment systems and administrative practices.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2022/r/gumushane/17215
  Vazife yoklama defterine göre süleymaniye vakfı çalışanları: ücretler, görevler, unvanlar

  Karademir, Aysenur

  Bu çalışmanın konusu Kanuni Sultan Süleyman tarafından İstanbul’da tesis edilen Süleymaniye Vakfının çalışanlarının analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmanın birincil kaynağı Osmanlı Arşivinde Evkaf (EV) fonunda Evkaf-ı Haremeyn Defterleri (EV.HMH.d.) arasında 1178 numarayla kayıtlı Süleymaniye Vakfına ait 1702 tarihli bir vazife yoklama defteridir. Giriş paragrafında Süleymaniye Vakfı çalışanlarının yoklanması için hazırlandığı belirtilen defterin vakıf muhasebe defterine ek hazırlanan müfredat defterlerden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın vakıf literatürüne birinci katkısı vazife yoklama defterinin detaylarıyla tanıtılmasıdır. Vakıf çalışanlarının 53 gruba ayrılarak, isim, görev, unvan, ücret, ek ödemeler gibi detaylarla kayıtlandığı defterin ortaya koyduğu ilk sonuç çalışanların genel durumudur. Elde edilen bu bilgiler Süleymaniye Vakfının 1557’de kurulmasıyla hazırlanan tesis senedi yani vakfiye belgesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada vakıf çalışanlarının sosyal kimlikleri, görev türleri ve bunlar için belirlenen ücretler, bu ücretlerin değişimi Süleymaniye Vakfı örneğinde ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti’nin iktisadi ve sosyal yaşamında en geniş istihdam kurumu olan vakıfların çalışanları yönüyle işleyişi ve idaresi değerlendirilmiştir.

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  İncele
• Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/16509
  THE NOISELESS VOICE OF AKBABA VILLAGE IN BEYKOZ: KETHUDA CANFEDA HATUN

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study aims to discover the history of Akbaba village, which is located in the Beykoz district of Istanbul. It was named after Mehmed Efendi, who was a dervish ghazi from Mehmed the Conqueror's anny. He built a dervish lodge, tekke, worshipped there until the rest of his life, and was then buried near it. Mehmed Efendi was known as Akbaba Sultan among the public, and his tomb has been a sacred place visited by Muslims since then. Canfeda Khatun, a ketkhuda wormy: of Sultan Murad M.'s harem, established a mosque and other main buildings there as part of her pious foundation, waif, and a village arose around them at the end of the sixteenth century. That was the way the land became a residential area during the Ottoman period. However, the waqf accounting registers reveal that there was more on Canted& Khatun's mind as the tekke's followers were janissaries in Akbaba. The village stayed as the way it was until 1826 when Sultan Mahmud II abolished the ocak of Janissaries, ending all their tekkes, including the one in Akbaba. As its followers were exiled, Canfeda's waqf lost its importance in the village. It seems that nobody remembers the significance of her waqf at Akbaba today besides the name of Canted& Khatun. This work explores the roots of the village through the help of archival documents, especially from the waqf accounting registers.

  İncele
• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/16512
  SOME LITTLE-KNOWN ASPECTS OF OTTOMAN WAQFS AND THEIR FUNCTION IN SOCIAL WELFARE ECONOMY

  Karademir, Aysenur

  The expression of for the benefit of society or, ibadullahin terfihi ahvalleri which appeared in the court registers was a brief but nevertheless powerful summary of Ottoman economic and social perceptions. The Ottomans genuinely believed in this principle and, their whole social and economic life revolved around it. In this way, while they maintained the balance between rich and poor in social life, they benefited from Islamic pious foundations, waqfs, as a tool for delivering social projects. From education to health, the waqf institution provided all the services for the public, obviously supported by the Ottoman sultans. They built hospitals, soup-kitchens, universities and many other buildings, hayrat, under the management of waqfs, and they encouraged their families and government officials to do the same. Although the hayrat was the visual representation of the institution, waqf meant much more than just a building in the Ottoman economic and social understanding. In this chapter, I dig a bit deeper and, analyse some little-known aspects of Ottoman waqfs, specifically the waqfs of the state officials, referred to in the literature as sultanic and vizirate waqfs. The purpose of this study is to set out details from works which have analysed original archival sources and, to present a wide perspective on Ottoman waqf practice.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18297
  Ketkhuda of The Imperial Harem Canfeda Khatun’s Wealth and Waqfs

  Karademir, Ayşenur

  Canfeda Khatun was appointed to a position called “ketkhuda woman” at the Sultan Murad III (1574- 1595) ’s imperial harem for twenty-one years. She was not related to royal family nor one of the sultan’s women. In official documents, Canfeda Khatun was the first concubine called as “ketkhuda woman” and her fame grown with this title. After the death of Sultan’s mother, Nurbanu Sultan (1583), Canfeda’s accompany to the Sultan became to such an extent that she had even impact on Sultan Murad’s political decisions. This study focuses on historical artefacts of her foundation, most of which are not survived to the present day, using the archival documents belonged to waqfs, particularly their accounting registers. The aim of this study is to reveal the new aspects of Canfeda Khatun who was a rare example of the harem, and analyse her waqfs.

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