Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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Araştırmacılar(2)

• Damlıbağ, Fatih
• Karademir, Ayşenur

• Kitap BölümüYalnız künye2026/r/gumushane/14212
  Remuneration and Duties in Ottoman Waqfs: The Case of Hafsa Sultan Waqf (Sixteenth to Eighteenth Centuries)

  Karademir, Ayşenur

  Ottoman charitable endowments, known as waqfs, were established by the sultan, his family, and the members of the ruling class, serving as primary employment institutions during the classical period. These waqfs offered a broad range of social services through various public structures, thereby employing a vast number of individuals with diverse skills and educational backgrounds across the empire. This study focuses specifically on wage determination within the Manisa Waqf of Hafsa Sultan, the mother of the renowned Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent, established in 1523. The waqf complex outlined in the endowment deed, comprised a mosque, a primary school, a madrasa, a dervish lodge (hankah) and a soup-kitchen (imaret). Subsequently, it expanded to include a hospital (dârüşşifâ) and a Turkish bath (hamam). Starting with an analysis of the endowment deed, this study further examines the seventeenth and eighteenth-century accounting books retrieved from the Ottoman Archives. These records reveal various aspects, including the waqf’s expansion, the increasing employment individuals, changes in daily wages over time, in-kind payments, challenges encountered during inflationary periods, and practical measures implemented to mitigate these issues.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19656
  Economic and Financial History of Hüsnüşah Hatun Waqf in Manisa (1632-1789)

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study examines the waqf of Hüsnüşah Hatun, the wife of Sultan Bayezid II and the mother of Şehzade Şehinşah Sultan, in Manisa. The waqf’s charitable structures include a mosque, a school, and an imaret. Additionally, the Kurşunlu Han is also among these structures. The aim of the study is to outline the profile of the Hüsnüşah Hatun Waqf and to analyze its revenues, personnel salaries, and expenditures. This analysis is based on the waqf’s accounting books covering the years 1632-1789. The key finding of the study is the transformation in the waqf’s spending priorities. Initially, the primary focus was on the foundation’s core services and personnel payments. However, by the late XVIIIth century, a significant portion of the waqf’s revenues had begun to be allocated to expenditures such as treasury shares.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19481
  The Hafsa Sultan Waqf in the Early Seventeenth Century According to Accounting Books (1603-1635)

  Karademir, Aysenur

  This study focuses on the Manisa waqf of Hafsa Sultan, the mother of Sultan Süleyman the Magnificent. The waqf included charitable institutions and revenue sources from various locations, particularly Urla and Manisa. The aim of this study is to evaluate the economic and financial aspects of the waqf based on accounting registers from the years 1603–1635, a period marked by various rebellions in the region. According to the accounting data, the waqf paid salaries to approximately 200 personnel, making it a prominent employment institution in Manisa. Additionally, the expenditures of the imaret (soup kitchen), which exceeded half a million akçes in the early 17th century, can be interpreted as indirectly supporting the regional economy. The study concludes that the waqf experienced cash shortages and navigated the period through financial measures. Following the sudden rise in food prices in 1604, kitchen expenses were significantly reduced. Nonetheless, the waqf managed to maintain its operations and, for the most part, made salaries and various payments on time.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2022/r/gumushane/17215
  Vazife yoklama defterine göre süleymaniye vakfı çalışanları: ücretler, görevler, unvanlar

  Karademir, Aysenur

  Bu çalışmanın konusu Kanuni Sultan Süleyman tarafından İstanbul’da tesis edilen Süleymaniye Vakfının çalışanlarının analiz edilmesidir. Çalışmanın birincil kaynağı Osmanlı Arşivinde Evkaf (EV) fonunda Evkaf-ı Haremeyn Defterleri (EV.HMH.d.) arasında 1178 numarayla kayıtlı Süleymaniye Vakfına ait 1702 tarihli bir vazife yoklama defteridir. Giriş paragrafında Süleymaniye Vakfı çalışanlarının yoklanması için hazırlandığı belirtilen defterin vakıf muhasebe defterine ek hazırlanan müfredat defterlerden olduğu anlaşılmaktadır. Çalışmanın vakıf literatürüne birinci katkısı vazife yoklama defterinin detaylarıyla tanıtılmasıdır. Vakıf çalışanlarının 53 gruba ayrılarak, isim, görev, unvan, ücret, ek ödemeler gibi detaylarla kayıtlandığı defterin ortaya koyduğu ilk sonuç çalışanların genel durumudur. Elde edilen bu bilgiler Süleymaniye Vakfının 1557’de kurulmasıyla hazırlanan tesis senedi yani vakfiye belgesiyle karşılaştırılmıştır. Çalışmada vakıf çalışanlarının sosyal kimlikleri, görev türleri ve bunlar için belirlenen ücretler, bu ücretlerin değişimi Süleymaniye Vakfı örneğinde ortaya konulmuştur. Böylece Osmanlı Devleti’nin iktisadi ve sosyal yaşamında en geniş istihdam kurumu olan vakıfların çalışanları yönüyle işleyişi ve idaresi değerlendirilmiştir.

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  İncele
• MakaleAçık Erişim2021/r/gumushane/17556
  Yurtdışında Elektrik Eğitimi Alan Osmanlılar

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  Bu çalışma, Osmanlı döneminde elektrik işlerinde eğitim almak üzere,yurtdışına giden Osmanlı öğrencilerini araştırmak üzere kaleme alınmıştır.Osmanlı Devleti, yerel teknik eğitimdeki yetersizlikler sebebiyle, yurtdışınaelektrik eğitimi için gidenleri destekleyen bir tutum sergilemiştir. Bu çalışmadayabancı ülkelerde elektrik eğitimi görmek isteyen, 56 Osmanlı vatandaşı tespitedilmiştir. II. Abdülhamid (1876-1909) zamanında sınırlı sayıda öğrenci, Fransave Almanya’ya gönderilmiştir. II. Meşrutiyetin ilanı (1908) sonrası, yurtdışındaeğitim alan öğrenci sayısı artmıştır. Eğitim için tercih edilen ülkelerin listeside genişlemiş olup, İngiltere, Macaristan, İsviçre, İtalya, Belçika ve ABDde bu ülkelerin arasına katılmıştır. Yurtdışında eğitime gidenlerin bazılarıüniversitelerde teorik öğrenim görürken, bazıları da fabrika ve tersane gibipratik eğitim alacakları yerleri tercih etmişlerdir.

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• Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2020/r/gumushane/17749
  Spread of electricity in the ottoman empire

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  Usage of electricity was rapidly increased in Europa, during the last quarter of 19thcentury. In this period, the Ottoman Empire met some different usage types of electricity. Electricity took firstly attention of Ottoman Navy in the country. Proper lighting would increase very much the power of navy. Cinema became the second level for the concept of electricity in the Ottoman Empire. Minister of Telegraph and Mail evaluated cinema. He claimed that this invention had an important economic potential. Health and medical devices was another field for electricity. But Abdülhamit II declared some reservations in this issue. He ordered the determination of some rules in this field, for security reason. With the beginning of 20th century, electricity got more accessible. For the purpose of lighting, many people demanded the usage of electric machines for themselves. The last use area of electricity was serving it to people as public service. Entrepreneurs wanted to make ventures in city’s lighting and public transportation.

  İncele
• Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18427
  Özel Girişimciliğin Başarısı Olarak Uşak Şeker Fabrikası

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  Nuri Şeker Uşak Şeker Fabrikasını 1926’da kurdu. Pancardan Türk şekerini üretmeyi hedeflemişti. Böylece Türk halkının bu ihtiyacını kolayca sağlamak istemişti. Kendisi ayrıca fakir köylülere düzenli bir gelir kaynağı sağlamayı planlamıştı. Bir şirket kurdu ve fabrika için sermaye toplamaya başladı. Çekoslovak Skoda firması fabrikaya teknoloji sağladı. Açılıştan sonra, Uşak Şeker Fabrikası su sağlama ve zirai haşere sorunlarıyla karşılaştı. Nuri Şeker ayrıca yeni şeker pancarı ziraatını köylülere öğretmek zorundaydı. Bütün zorluklara karşı, fabrika çalışmaya başladı ve şeker üretimi sürekli artmaktaydı. Fakat Nuri Şeker finansal zorluklarla karşılaştı. Çünkü şeker üretimindeki tecrübe yılları fabrikanın borçlarını arttırdı. Bu borçların sonucunda, hükümet fabrikanın şirketini tasfiye etmeye karar verdi. Kamulaştırma 6 Ağustos 1931’de gerçekleştirildi. Tasfiye sürecinde halk hissedarlarının hakları ana tartışma noktası oldu. Sonunda, hükümet halk hissedarlarının hisselerinin tam karşılığını ödemeye karar verdi. Neticede, özel girişimcilerin bağlantıları Uşak Şeker Fabrikasından tamamen kopartıldı.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18382
  Sugar production investments in turkey during post 1929 economic crisis period

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  During the 1929 Economic Crisis, prices of agricultural products decreased muchmore than industrial products. Turkey, as an agricultural product exporter could not affordits importation under these new conditions. For the financial structure of Turkey, selfsufficiencywas seen as the most convenient solution. In this period, the Turkish governmentaimed at importing substitution in sugar production. But for achieving this, Turkey neededsome additional investments. For the capital needs of these investments, governmentprimarily evaluated foreign contribution. But Turkish banks provided necessary capital tosugar industry, with the leadership of İş Bankası. German and Czechoslovak contributionalso supplied machinery and technical assistance to Turkish sugar industry. Governmentdeeply investigated possible investment places, to reach the most appropriate conditions.At last, Turkey founded two new sugar factories with their own financial sources in 1933and 1934. Eskişehir Sugar Factory was the third factory in Turkey and Turhal Sugar Factorybecame fourth investment in this field. Government unified the whole sugar production ofTurkey in 1935, in order to reduce production costs. From this date, Turkey experienced rapidexpansion in both beet agriculture and sugar industry. In this article, the state centered sugarproduction investments were evaluated under the different financial conditions of the 1929Economic Crisis. For the time period, subject would be investigated up to the early 1940’s.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2018/r/gumushane/18297
  Ketkhuda of The Imperial Harem Canfeda Khatun’s Wealth and Waqfs

  Karademir, Ayşenur

  Canfeda Khatun was appointed to a position called “ketkhuda woman” at the Sultan Murad III (1574- 1595) ’s imperial harem for twenty-one years. She was not related to royal family nor one of the sultan’s women. In official documents, Canfeda Khatun was the first concubine called as “ketkhuda woman” and her fame grown with this title. After the death of Sultan’s mother, Nurbanu Sultan (1583), Canfeda’s accompany to the Sultan became to such an extent that she had even impact on Sultan Murad’s political decisions. This study focuses on historical artefacts of her foundation, most of which are not survived to the present day, using the archival documents belonged to waqfs, particularly their accounting registers. The aim of this study is to reveal the new aspects of Canfeda Khatun who was a rare example of the harem, and analyse her waqfs.

  İncele
• MakaleYalnız künye2017/r/gumushane/18633
  Development of beet sugar industries in the world and the example of alpullu sugar factory

  Damlıbağ, Fatih

  Andraeas Sigismond Marggraf discovered sugar from beet, instead of historically important cane. Although commercial potential; beet sugar did not attract attention of entrepreneurs for fifty years, up until to Napoleonic Wars. But later, due to the war and commerce difficulties, beet sugar production was rapidly spread in Continental Europe. After France, Germany and Austria, beet sugar crossed Atlantic and reached USA. From the middle of 19th century up to 1930's, competition in between beet and cane sugar continuously lasted. In this fierce competition, sometimes beet and sometimes cane became successful. As to Turkey, newly establishing sugar industry was founded over sugar beet, because of climatic and geographic conditions. Turkish government enacted supporting laws to promote new entrepreneurs to sugar industry. With encouraging attitude of government, Mehmet Şakir Kesebir and his friends founded a company to build and manage Alpullu Sugar Factory in 1925. Factory was established with German technology. Thracian peasants were educated for cultivation of sugar beet to supply raw material needs. This new but profitable agriculture type was quickly become popular among Thracian villagers. On the other hand, factory management tried to attain a strong place in local market. After ten years operation, factory was nationalized by establishment of Turkish Sugar Industries Incorporation.

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