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Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2026/r/gumushane/12151
  Institutional Determinants of Regional Poverty in Turkey: Evidence from Advanced Causality Analysis

  Çiçen, Yıldırım Beyazıt

  Poverty continues to be one of the major issues in Turkey, as in many other countries, with a large portion of the population – especially in rural areas – living below the poverty line. Those living in poverty have limited access to key public services such as education, healthcare and housing, which consequently exacerbates social and economic inequalities within society. The gap between wealthy and impoverished groups within society is continually expanding, primarily due to institutional factors that perpetuate this inequality. Drawing on data from 2009 to 2019, this study offers an empirical analysis of the role of institutions in shaping poverty in Turkey. The study applies the panel causality test developed by Juodis et al. (2021) to assess the influence of institutional structures on regional disparities. Infant mortality rates, the number of associate and bachelor’s degree graduates and the number of convicts are considered key indicators of institutional performance. The statistical analysis reveals a significant correlation between these variables and the 50% poverty rate. The findings suggest that strengthening the institutional framework is essential for addressing regional poverty in Turkey.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2025/r/gumushane/16651
  Economic vulnerability amidst contagion: analyzing unemployment via Covid-19-induced transaction costs

  Cicen, Yildirim Beyazit

  This study delves into the pandemic's influence on unemployment rates, employing the concept of transaction costs. Given the virus's infectious nature, each transaction carries the risk of infection. In this study, Covid-19-induced transaction costs were utilized to gauge the pandemic's impact on unemployment rates. Seven developed countries and seven developing countries were separately scrutinized for this purpose. According to the outcomes of Yilanci and Gorus' (2020) panel causality test, Covid-19-induced transaction costs did not influence unemployment rates in developed countries. However, they significantly impacted unemployment rates in developing countries. These findings underscore the resource gap between developed and developing nations in tackling pandemic-related challenges. Policymakers should consider these economic disparities when devising strategies to alleviate the pandemic's effects.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2025/r/gumushane/19513
  Yapay Zekâ Enerji Talebinde Çevresel-Fiskal Zaman Tutarsızlığı: Kurumsal Bir Yaklaşım

  Çıçen, Yıldırım Beyazıt

  Bu çalışma, yapay zekâ (YZ) temelli teknolojilerin hızla artan enerji talebinin çevresel ve mali etkilerini birlikte değerlendiren özgün bir teorik model geliştirmektedir. Model, YZ altyapısının ekonomik faydalarını, iç ve dış çevresel zararlarını ve kamu bütçesine yansıyan teşvik maliyetlerini tek bir refah fonksiyonu içinde birleştirerek “YZ kaynaklı çevresel–fiskal zaman tutarsızlığı” kavramını formelleştirmektedir. Bulgular, politikacının kısa dönemli YZ faydalarını abartması, enerji teşviklerinin maliyetleri maskelemesi ve uluslararası dışsallıkların sınırlı içselleştirilmesi nedeniyle politik denge enerji düzeyinin toplumsal optimumun üzerinde gerçekleştiğini göstermektedir. Kurumsal kalite arttıkça bu sapma azalmakla birlikte, yapısal parametreler nedeniyle tamamen ortadan kalkmamaktadır. Çalışma, enerji tüketiminin yalnızca teknik bir maliyet unsuru değil; maliye politikası, çevre regülasyonu ve uluslararası iklim iş birliği tarafından şekillenen çok katmanlı bir yönetişim problemi olduğunu ortaya koymaktadır. Son bölümde sürdürülebilir maliye politikaları ve yeşil finans açısından politika önerileri sunulmaktadır.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2024/r/gumushane/16527
  GAME THEORETICAL ANALYSIS OF THE FOOTBALL: INFERENCE FROM ENGLISH PREMIER LEAGUE

  Cicen, Yildirim Beyazit

  Football is a prevalent sport in the world. In this study, game-theoretical analysis is used to in the English Premier League and their results. In matches between equal teams, the Nash equilibrium is a draw, whereas in matches between strong and weak teams, the Nash equilibrium is the strong team's defeat. The average of winning the match and the average of goals scored were not high enough, indicating that the teams did not take the field to win. As a result, it's created a goal-oriented proposal in the study's final section. In this proposal, matches will be limited to 60 minutes. game, ending in that minute.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2024/r/gumushane/16622
  Decoding Inflation: Role of Institutional Quality in Türkiye Using Advanced Econometric Techniques

  Çiçen, Yildirim Beyazit

  Persistent inflation remains a significant economic challenge in T & uuml;rkiye. The causes of high inflation have been examined through various factors, including supply and demand, as well as monetary and fiscal policies. However, few studies have included institutional factors in their analyses. The objective of this study is to determine whether institutional quality affects inflation in T & uuml;rkiye. A novel and robust econometric analysis method is employed in this study. Between 2005 and 2019, the inflation rate, the International Country Risk Guide's (ICRG) Political Risk Rating index, which measures the quality of institutional structure, and the changes in currency exchange rate basket variables in T & uuml;rkiye were examined using the Fourier KPSS stationarity test and the Fourier Shin cointegration test. The results of the analysis indicate that inflation rate is co-integrated with institutional quality. The deterioration of institutional quality in T & uuml;rkiye between 2005 and 2019 has been associated with an increase in inflation. While the implicit inflation targeting period in the inflation targeting regime implemented in T & uuml;rkiye after 2002 was relatively successful, the explicit inflation targeting period failed to reduce inflation. The primary reason for the inability to achieve the specified inflation targets during these periods is the deterioration in the quality of institutions. It is also important to note that central bank independence is not immune to political influence and is one of the most important factors affecting inflation targeting.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/16549
  How Does Being Trusted Affect Sharing? Findings from the Ultimatum Game

  Çiçen, Yildirim Beyazit

  According to economic models, individuals are rational, possess full knowledge, and strive to maximize their utility beyond their actual characteristics. Nevertheless, in the real world, people shape their behavior within a social structure and can display altruistic attitudes. This study investigates how trust facilitates sharing among individuals. To determine this, the Ultimatum Game was conducted with 412 participants. Three cases were determined, and the bidder was instructed to divide 10 thousand TL first in the typical game. Afterward, it was said that the other person was in need, and the bid was requested to be renewed. At the last stage, bids were received if there was any doubt about the needy. According to the typical game, people are more empathetic towards those in need and offer 6667 TL rather than 4264 TL. However, when a question of reliability is raised, 4658 TL is offered regardless of need. The findings show that the neoclassical economics concept of homo economicus, which seeks to maximize utility, is not valid in real life.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/16563
  Relationship between Institutional Quality and Corruption: The Case of Turkey

  Çiçen, Yildirim Beyazit

  The relationship between the level of corruption and the quality of Turkey's institutional structure was investigated in this study. Using quarterly data between 1984-2015, RALS-ADF unit root and RALS-EG cointegration tests were used to determine if there is a relationship between these variables in Turkey. Corruption level is the dependent variable, institutional quality is the independent variable, and the total production index is the control variable. The first analysis included both the coalition and single-party periods. Also, a separate analysis was carried out for the coalition period 1984-2002. There was no correlation between corruption and institutional quality in either analysis.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/20364
  Türkiye’de COVID-19 Aşı Kararlarını Etkileyen Faktörlerin İncelenmesi

  Çıçen, Yıldırım Beyazıt

  Bu çalışmada, Türkiye'de COVID-19 pandemisinde bireylerin aşı yaptırma kararını etkileyen faktörler araştırılmıştır. Pandemide toplumun aşıya karşı tutumu enfeksiyonun yayılmasında temel etkendir. Bu nedenle, hangi demografik faktörlerin aşı tercihinde etkili olduğunun bilinmesi önemlidir. Diğer yandan pandeminin ekonomik büyüme, işsizlik ve enflasyon gibi iktisadi göstergeler üzerinde olumsuz etkileri olmuştur. 2023 yılı itibariyle iktisadi alandaki olumsuz etkilerin tam anlamıyla düzelmemiş olduğu gözlenmektedir. Bu araştırma, anket yöntemi kullanılarak gerçekleştirilmiştir. Anket, pandeminin devam ettiği 2022 yılının Mayıs ayında yapılmıştır. Çevrimiçi platform ortamında sunulan anket çalışmasına 327 kişi katılım sağlamıştır. Anket sonuçlarına göre aşı olmayanlar, temel olarak aşının hızlı geliştirilmesi ve etkinliğinin şüpheli olması sebebiyle aşı olmamıştır. Aşı olmayan bireylere aşı olmaları karşılığında ücret teklif edildiğinde %95’i bu teklifi reddetmektedir. Aşı olanlar, başta kendi ve aile sağlığını korumak için aşı yaptırmıştır ve ağırlıklı olarak Biontech aşısını tercih etmiştir. Aşının ücretli olması durumunda katılımcıların %33’ü aşı olmamayı tercih etmektedir. Yapılan istatistiksel analize göre yaş gruplarında ve İBBS1 bölgesi ikametgahında anlamlı farklılık bulunmaktadır.

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• MakaleAçık Erişim2023/r/gumushane/12671
  The Nexus between Institutional Quality and Inflation in Emerging Markets: A Panel Causality Test with a Fourier Function

  Cicen, Yildirim Beyazit

  It is important to note that institutional quality has a substantial impact on a country's long-term economic growth, which influences other economic indicators, such as inflation and monetary policy. An indepth examination of the existence of this crucial relationship was conducted by applying a novel and robust panel Yilanci-Gorus Fourier causality test between 2000 and 2019 to 24 developing countries, in order to detect this relationship. A recent inflation rate, the standard deviation of inflation, and sound money are all interconnected and mutually causally related to property rights and the quality of the legal system. Weakness in institutions can exacerbate financial shocks, thereby affecting monetary indicators, and monetary policies will deteriorate the quality of the institution as a result.

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• MakaleYalnız künye2023/r/gumushane/11451
  Institutional Quality and Unemployment in OECD Nations: A Panel Causality Test Using a Fourier Function

  Cicen, Yildirim Beyazit

  A significant impact of institutional quality on sustainable growth has been revealed in recent studies. This study aims to examine the relationship between different institutions and their unemployment rates, considering the legal system and property rights index. A novel and robust panel Fourier causality test was conducted to investigate 38 OECD nations for the relationship between their institutional quality and unemployment rates between the years 2000 and 2018. Regardless of stationarity, the adopted method allowed for the endogenous identification of structures, locations, and forms, and the evaluation of causal relationships. In addition, the Fourier method and the trigonometric terms were used for analyzing the structural changes. According to the findings, a unidirectional causal relationship existed between the quality of the legal system and property rights and the unemployment rates in the investigated nations during the relevant period. In addition, bidirectional causality existed between the variables in Germany and the United States. It is therefore recommended to necessarily improve a nation’s institutional structure to reduce its unemployment rate. Low unemployment rates would be achieved by improving institutional quality, particularly in developing nations. Therefore, policymakers must focus on formulating policies to reduce unemployment in the long run, considering the legal system and property rights of the nation.

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