Yayınlar
Koleksiyondaki öğeler
- MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Exploring collaboration in learning by design via weblogs
Çakiroğlu, Ünal; Yildiz, Merve; Mazlum, Ebru; Turan Güntepe, Ebru; Aydin, Şenay
The purpose of this qualitative study was to explore collaborative activities that were carried out via weblogs according to a “learning by design” approach. During the instructional process, Microsoft Publisher was used for a series of infographic design activities. The study participants were 33 undergraduate students who were enrolled in an Arts Education program. The data sources included weblogs that were used by the participants to discuss the design process, as well as reflection reports that they provided. The data were analyzed according to Murphy’s collaboration model, which involved associating the participants’ experiences in the design process with the sub-phases of collaboration outlined in the model. The results indicated that, through the use of weblogs, the participants were able to design infographics via a “learning by design” approach. The weblogs allowed students to share their knowledge, and thereby to develop better artifacts. It is hoped that the study may provide insights concerning the link between weblogs and the learning by design approach in graphic design activities.
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İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2016Scopus SJRQ2Determination of biological performance, dimensional stability, mechanical and thermal properties of wood-plastic composites produced from recycled chromated copper arsenate-treated wood
Tascioglu, Cihat; Tufan, Mursit; Yalcin, Mesut; Sen, Selim
The aim of this study was to investigate the dimensional stability, mechanical and biological performance and thermal degradation of wood-plastic composites made from high-density polyethylene and recycled wood treated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA), a commonly used wood preservative chemical. Virgin pine wood samples were also prepared with and without a coupling agent and used as the control group. Samples of CCA-treated Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) with varying wood content were produced by adding different ratios of the coupling agent. The recycled CCA-treated wood-filled composites exhibited better flexural and tensile strength properties and dimensional stability than the control group, whilst their impact strength was less. Biological test values showed improved durability against termites and fungus with the recycled CCA-treated wood-filled composites. In addition, the leaching of heavy metals was significantly diminished when the coupling agent was utilized at a level of 5% (w/w), thus presenting a much lower impact on the environment.
AtıfScopus21WoS21OpenAlex20İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ1Combustion properties of impregnated spruce (Picea orientalis L.) wood
Şadiye Yasar, Ş.; Said Fidan, M.; Yaşar, Mehmet; Atar, Musa; Alkan, Elif
Wooden material is one of the most commonly used construction materials since history of humanity due to its environment friendly and renewable natural source. This structure of wood material is also preferred because it is lightweight, easy to work, resistant to factors such as earthquake and fire, as compared to other used building materials. However, organic structure of the wooden material causes it to be affected negatively because of damages that might occur outdoors under inappropriate conditions. Due to this reason, in this study were investigated effects of various chemicals (impregnated and varnish type), used to prevent environmental damages (biotic, abiotic pests, fire etc.) on combustion resistance of the wood exposed to air conditions for a year. For this purpose, prepared Caucasian spruce (Picea orientalis L.) specimens were surface treated (synthetic and water-based varnish) after impregnated according to ASTM-D 1413-76 principles with various chemicals (Tanalith-E and Wolmanit-CB). Test specimens with impregnated, varnished and processless, were left in outdoor conditions for a year. Combustion experiment was conducted according to the principles in ASTM-E 160-50 combustion test standards. According to the results of the experiment, control and year specimens had close results in the weight loss. Weight loss was found be lower Wolmanit-CB impregnated specimens (92.12%) among the impregnated materials to synthetic varnish coated specimens (% 91.89) among the varnished specimens. It was determined that using Wolmanit-CB for impregnating and synthetic varnish for varnishing would be better according to the results. Furthermore, the amount of O2 (25.84 ppm) in control specimens in combustion with flame; the amounts of CO and CO2 (31787, 19.92 ppm respectively) in year specimens in combustion without flame and the amount of NO (54.65 ppm) in year specimens in glowing was observed to be the highest.
AtıfScopus4WoS8OpenAlex8İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2012Scopus SJRQ2Stability of difference schemes for fractional parabolic PDE with the Dirichlet-Neumann conditions
Cakir, Zafer
The stable difference schemes for the fractional parabolic equation with Dirichlet and Neumann boundary conditions are presented. Stability estimates and almost coercive stability estimates with ln (1 / ( + | h |)) for the solution of these difference schemes are obtained. A procedure of modified Gauss elimination method is used for solving these difference schemes of one-dimensional fractional parabolic partial differential equations.
AtıfScopus13WoS10OpenAlex14İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ3Utilizing the sustainable livelihoods approach to evaluate tourism development from the rural host communities’ point of view: The case of Cappadocia (Turkey)
Çakir, Onur; Evren, Savaş; Tören, Emrullah; Kozak, Nazmi
The objective of this study was to contribute to and expand the limited knowledge base of the ways in which tourism development impacts rural livelihoods. It traced the process of tourism-based livelihood development in the Cappadocia region of Turkey by using The Sustainable Livelihoods Approach (SLA) framework to provide the perspectives of those who chose to incorporate tourism as a major part of their overall livelihood strategy. The results showed that tourism development had a great impact on the locals’ livelihoods. In order to enhance the locals’ livelihood and achieve an environmentally, socially, and economically sustainable outcome for tourism livelihood, the recommendation is to support and encourage small local establishments versus large scale foreign investments, increase the number of overnight stays by promoting Cappadocia as a main tourist destination, take precautions to prevent fraud and forgery in locale handicrafts and souvenir shops, and enact a protection law that prevents harm to the environment caused by traffic, shops, balloons, and hydroelectric power plants.
AtıfScopus12İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2017Scopus SJRQ2Effect of powder of macaroni boiling water (by-product) on textural, oil uptake, physico-chemical, sensory and morphological properties of fried wheat chips
Yuksel, Ferhat
The current study was conducted with the purpose to produce wheat chips enriched with powder of pasta boiling water (PPBW). Pasting properties of chips dough changed with addition of powder of pasta boiling water. The textural properties of dough samples decreased with the addition of PPBW, but there were no differences between 2nd and 3rd samples including 10 and 20 % PPBW. The oil content of the samples decreased with the increase of PPBW from 33.78 to 22.19 %. The morphological analysis showed that the number of pores and pore size decreased with the addition of PPBW. Maximum overall acceptability score of the samples was given for control samples (5.64) while the overall acceptability of samples with 10 % PPBW was close to control sample (5.14). PPBW may be used in the formulation of chips it may be used to be coating matter for snacks in food industry.
AtıfScopus7WoS5OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Scopus SJRQ3The effect of interest rate on output level and inflation in Turkey: Evaluation of monetarist and new keynesian perspective
Akbas, Yusuf Ekrem; Sancar, Canan
In this paper, the relationship between inflation-interest rate and output level for the period between 2000M1-2015M12 in Turkey is evaluated in terms of Monetarist and New Keynesian perspective. These relationships among the variables are analysed through linear and non-linear methods. As a result of the analysis, it is concluded that the interest rate does not have a significant effect on the output level. Also, it was determined that there is a short-term as well as a long-term negative relationship from the interest rate towards inflation. It was concluded that the monetary policy cannot affect the real output, but the inflation. These results show that the Monetarist perspective is more valid for the post 2000 period in Turkey.
AtıfScopus3WoS2OpenAlex3İncele - Kitap BölümüAçık Erişim2017The role of financial ratios on evaluation of stock values: An application in Bist
Cam, Alper Veli; Tosunoglu, Busra; Gurtay, Enes
Financial ratios obtained from past data are used in estimations of the future, which is financially uncertain, in many studies and analyses. In this regard, financial ratios can be used to determine stock values and therefore the value of the company. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the financial ratios of companies and stock values. Accordingly, ten year and quarterly data of16 cement factories whose stocks are traded on the Istanbul Stock Market (BIST) between years 2005-2014 are studied. In the study, current ratio, acid test ratio, liability ratio, accounts receivable turnover rate, inventory turnover rate, market value/book value are used as independent variables. Financial leverage and size of assets are used as control variables and stock value is used as the dependent variable. In accordance with the results of panel data analysis, it is seen that there is a meaningful relationship between acid-test ratio, liability ratio, market value/book value and financial leverage and between stock values.
AtıfScopus1OpenAlex198İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1Estimating the number of clusters in a dataset via consensus clustering
Ünlü, Ramazan; Xanthopoulos, Petros
In unsupervised learning, the problem of finding the appropriate number of clusters -usually notated as k- is very challenging. Its importance lies in the fact that k is a vital hyperparameter for the most clustering algorithms. One algorithmic approach for tacking this problem is to apply a certain clustering algorithm with various cluster configurations and decide to use the one that maximizes a certain internal validity measure. This is a promising and computationally efficient approach since the independent runs are parallelizable. In this paper, we attempt to improve over this estimation approach by incorporating a consensus clustering approach into k estimating scheme. The weighted consensus clustering scheme employs four different indices namely Silhouette (SH), Calinski–Harabasz (CH), Davies–Bouldin (DB), and Consensus (CI) indices to estimate the correct number of cluster. Computational experiments in a dataset with clusters ranging from 2 to 7 show the profound advantages of weighted consensus clustering for correctly finding k in comparison to individual clustering method (e.g, k-means) and simple consensus clustering.
AtıfScopus136WoS111OpenAlex139İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ2Bounds for Radii of Starlikeness of Some q -Bessel Functions
Aktaş, İbrahim; Baricz, Árpád
In this paper the radii of starlikeness of Jackson’s second and third q-Bessel functions are considered and for each of them three different normalization are applied. By applying Euler–Rayleigh inequalities for the first positive zeros of these functions tight lower and upper bounds for the radii of starlikeness of these functions are obtained. The Laguerre–Pólya class of real entire functions plays an important role in this study. In particular, we obtain some new bounds for the first positive zero of the derivative of the classical Bessel function of the first kind.
AtıfScopus38WoS38OpenAlex38İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ3Concentrations of elements in Lias coals from the eastern Black Sea Region, NE-Turkey
Eker, Çiğdem Saydam; Akpınar, İbrahim; Sipahi, Ferkan; Yapıcı, Ejder
ABSTRACT: The element contents and organic matter-element relation between Lias-aged coals exposed in four fields in Gümüşhane and Bayburt were investigated. In general, fixed carbon and gross calorific values of the Edire and Balkaynak coals are higher than Güvercinlik and Çerçi coals. The highest ash yields were observed in the Çerçi coals. The concentrations of Mg, P, Ca, Mo, Y, Ni, U, Zn, Ga, Ba, W, Sr, Ta, and Be of the analysed coals are positively correlated with ash yield, indicating an organic affinity. The Lias-aged coals located in Gümüşhane and Bayburt are low-rank coals.
AtıfScopus7WoS7OpenAlex9İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2019Scopus SJRQ1A statistical space-time-magnitude analysis on the aftershocks occurrence of the July 21th, 2017 M W = 6.5 Bodrum-Kos, Turkey, earthquake
Öztürk, Serkan; Şahin, Şakir
In this study, a detailed space-time-magnitude assessment on the aftershock sequence of July 21th, 2017, M W 6.5, Bodrum-Kos earthquake (Turkey) is carried out by focusing on the analyses of aftershock parameters: b-value, p-value, Dc-value and Mamax. b-value is estimated as 0.90 ± 0.05 with a completeness magnitude Mc = 1.6 and this relatively small b-value may be resulted from the abundance of aftershocks with magnitude M L ≥ 4.0. However, it is well represented by the Gutenberg-Richter law with a typically b ≈ 1.0. p-value is estimated as 1.04 ± 0.02 with a c-value = 0.224 ± 0.039 and is well characterized nearly close to the global p ≈ 1.0. This relatively high p-value may be a result of the relative fast decay rate of the aftershock activity. Dc-value is calculated as 1.74 ± 0.09 and it means that aftershocks are homogeneously distributed. Temporal distribution of b-value shows that small b-values may be due to a stepwise increase in effective stress before the occurrence of larger aftershocks. Regional changes range from 0.5 to 1.2 in b-value, from 0.4 to 1.3 in p-value and from 3.0 to 5.2 in Mamax. The smallest b-values are found in and around mainshock, including Karaada, Bodrum, Akyarlar and Turgutreis, and these regions have high stress as well as coseismic deformation. The largest p-values are found in and around the mainshock epicenter including Karaada, and it is interpreted that this situation may be caused by coseismic deformation. Mamax values larger than 4.4 are observed in and around mainshock epicenter, including Bodrum and Akyarlar, and there is a clear correlation between spatial variations of b-values and Mamax. These results show that stress changes and coseismic deformation seem highly effective on b and p-value variations. Therefore, a special interest needs to be given to these anomaly regions since aftershock hazard is highly associated with these parameters and may be developed considering their space-time-magnitude distribution.
AtıfScopus27WoS20OpenAlex22İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2016Scopus SJRQ2Positive correlation between insulin resistance and iron overload-induced oxidative stress in patients with fanconi anemia (FA)- and non-FA-related bone marrow failure: The results of a multicenter study
Erduran, Erol; Bahadir, Aysenur; Albayrak, Davut; Aliyazicioglu, Yuksel; Buyukavci, Mustafa; Turan, Ibrahim
This study investigated the relationship between DNA, protein, and lipid oxidations and insulin resistance in patients with Fanconi anemia (FA)- and non-FA-related bone marrow failure. Sixteen patients with FA, 7 non-FA-related aplastic anemia, and 10 controls were included in the study. Fasting blood glucose, simultaneous insulin, hepcidin, ferritin, 8-hydroxy deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG), protein carbonyls, malondialdehyde (MDA), and homeostatic model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were investigated in the patients and controls. Diepoxybutane test-positive (DEB+) patients were diagnosed with FA, whereas DEB-patients were diagnosed as non-FA. 8-OHdG levels in both FA and non-FA patients were significantly higher than those in the controls (P =.001 and P =.005, respectively). Serum ferritin levels were also higher in FA and non-FA patients than in the controls (P =.0001 and P =.005, respectively). Insulin resistance (IR) was significantly higher in FA patients than in non-FA patients and controls (P =.005 and P =.015, respectively). Significant differences were observed between 8-OHdG, ferritin, and MDA levels in patients with or without IR (P =.009, P =.001, and P =.013, respectively). Moderate and strong relations of 44% and 85% were determined between IR and ferritin levels in patients with FA or non-FA (P =.08 and P =.014, respectively). FA and non-FA patients exhibited a tendency to IR. IR was related to ferritin levels, and ferritin levels were also correlated with oxidative stress. These findings suggest that the increased rate of IR in patients with FA and non-FA may derive from increased oxidative stress, which may in turn be due to elevated serum ferritin levels.
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İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2016Series multiple tuned mass dampers for vibration control of high-speed railway bridges
Kahya, V.; Araz, O.
This paper presents Series Multiple Tuned Mass Dampers (STMDs) in vibration control of railway bridges under the passage of high-speed trains. In solution, the bridge is assumed as a Bernoulli-Euler beam, and the train is simulated as a series of moving forces with constant speed. A classic single TMD, and parallel Multiple TMD(MTMD) devices are also considered for the purpose of comparison. It is assumed that total absorber mass is the same for the devices considered. Optimum absorber parameters are obtained for the criterion based on the minimization of the maximum dynamic displacements of the beam at its midpoint. Control effectiveness and robustness of STMDs are discussed in comparison with other types of absorbers considered.
AtıfScopus21WoS10OpenAlex16İncele - BildiriYalnız künye2017Statistical analysis of fundamental seismotectonic parameters for future Earthquake occurrences in tunceli province of Turkey
Öztürk, S.
An evaluation based on Gutenberg-Richter b-value, fractal dimension Dc-value, completeness magnitude Mc-value, annual probability and recurrence time of earthquakes is carried out for Tunceli province of Turkey. Earthquake catalog covers the years between 21 September 1970 and 30 December 2016, and contains 5462 earthquakes with magnitude equal to and greater than 1.1. Magnitude completeness is estimated as 2.8 and b-value is found as b=0.98+/-0.01. This b-value is smaller than average value of b=1.0 given for Gutenberg-Richter relation. So, this low b-value may be an indicator of stress to build up over time at the beginning of 2017. Dc-value is obtained as 1.63+/-0.04 with 95% confidence limits. This high Dc-value indicates that seismicity in Tunceli and vicinity is more clustered at larger scales or in smaller areas. Annual probability of the earthquakes between 4.5 and 5.5 magnitude levels exhibits a value between 1 and 10. Recurrence time of the earthquakes has a value between 10 and 30 years for magnitude levels between 5.5 and 6.0, and a value between 30 and 100 years for magnitude levels between 6.0 and 6.5. Consequently, this part of Turkey may have an earthquake potential for the possibility of intense earthquake occurrences in the next future.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2017Scopus SJRQ1Evolution of K-rich magmas derived from a net veined lithospheric mantle in an ongoing extensional setting: Geochronology and geochemistry of Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks from Eastern Pontides (Turkey)
Yücel, Cem; Arslan, Mehmet; Temizel, İrfan; Abdioğlu Yazar, Emel; Ruffet, Gilles
The Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks between the cities of Trabzon and Giresun in the Eastern Pontides (NE Turkey) erupted as mildly and moderately alkaline magmas ranging from silica-saturated to silica-undersaturated types. 40Ar-39Ar dating and petrochemical data reveal that the studied volcanic rocks are discriminated in two: Lutetian (Middle Eocene) mildly alkaline, (basaltic rocks: 45.31 ± 0.18 to 43.86 ± 0.19 Ma; trachytic rocks: 44.87 ± 0.22 to 41.32 ± 0.12 Ma), and Messinian (Late Miocene) moderately alkaline volcanic rocks (tephrytic rocks: 6.05 ± 0.06 and 5.65 ± 0.06 Ma). The trace and the rare earth element systematic, characterised by moderate light earth element (LREE)/heavy rare earth element (HREE) ratios in the Eocene basaltic and trachytic rocks, high LREE/HREE ratios in the Miocene tephrytic rocks, and different degrees of depletion in Nb, Ta, Ti coupled with high Th/Yb ratios, show that the parental magmas of the volcanic rocks were derived from mantle sources previously enriched by slab-derived fluids and subducted sediments. The Sr, Nd and Pb isotopic composition of the Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks support the presence of subduction-modified subcontinental lithospheric mantle. During the magma ascent in the crust, parental magmas of both the Eocene and Miocene volcanic rocks were mostly affected by fractional crystallisation rather than assimilation coupled with fractional crystallisation and mixing. The silica-undersaturated character of the Miocene tephrytic rocks could be attributed to assimilation of carbonate rocks within shallow-level magma chambers. The parental magmas of the Eocene volcanic rocks resulted from a relatively high melting degree of a net veined mantle and surrounding peridotites in the spinel stability field due to an increase in temperature, resulting from asthenospheric upwelling related to the extension of lithosphere subsequent to delamination. The parental magmas for the Miocene volcanic rocks resulted from a relatively low melting degree of a net veined mantle domain previously modified by metasomatic melts derived from a garnet peridotite source after decompression due to extensional tectonics, combined with strike-slip movement at a regional scale related to ongoing delamination.
AtıfScopus77WoS74OpenAlex86İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2018Scopus SJRQ3The effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide on the testes of dogs; [Učinci 4-vinilcikloheksen diepoksida na testise pasa.]
Paksoy, Zahid; Kandemi̇r, Fatih M.; Gokhan, Nezihe; Ozkaraca, Mustafa
This study was aimed at investigating the effects of 4-vinylcyclohexene diepoxide (VCD) on testicular tissue in dogs. For this purpose, 30 mongrel male dogs were used and allocated to 5 groups randomly. The first group (n = 6), used as the control, was administered sesame oil by the intraperitoneal route (i/p). The VCD was administered i/p at doses of 80, 160, 240, 320 mg/kg to the second, third, fourth and the fifth groups (n = 6), respectively, once a day for 8 days. The dogs were surgically castrated on the day after the last VCD injection. The testes were removed immediately and fixed in 10% bouine solution. The testes were subjected to routine tissue processing and examined to determine the testicular damage in each testis. When compared to the control group, it was seen that the seminiferous tubule damage increased significantly in the treatment groups. Malondialdehyde levels reached the highest level in the fifth group, while superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase activity and glutathione levels were higher in the control group (P<0.0001). Nosignificant difference was detected when all the groups were compared with respect to AST, ALT and GGT activities before and after the treatment (P>0.05). Our results showed that VCD may contribute to the sterilization of male dogs.
AtıfScopus4WoS3OpenAlex5İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2018Scopus SJRQ1Natural convection in a parallel-plate vertical channel with discrete heating by two flush-mounted heaters: effect of the clearance between the heaters
Sarper, Bugra; Saglam, Mehmet; Aydin, Orhan; Avci, Mete
In this study, natural convection in a vertical channel is studied experimentally and numerically. One of the channel walls is heated discretely by two flush-mounted heaters while the other is insulated. The effects of the clearance between the heaters on heat transfer and hot spot temperature while total length of the heaters keeps constant are investigated. Four different settlements of two discrete heaters are comparatively examined. Air is used as the working fluid. The range of the modified Grashof number covers the values between 9.6 × 105 and 1.53 × 10.7 Surface to surface radiation is taken into account. Flow visualizations and temperature measurements are performed in the experimental study. Numerical computations are performed using the commercial CFD code ANSYS FLUENT. The results are represented as the variations of surface temperature, hot spot temperature and Nusselt number with the modified Grashof number and the clearance between the heaters as well as velocity and temperature variations of the fluid.
AtıfScopus22WoS19OpenAlex22İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Design of series tuned mass dampers for seismic control of structures using simulated annealing algorithm
Araz, Onur; Kahya, Volkan
The effectiveness of the series tuned mass dampers (STMDs) in reducing the dynamic vibrations of the structures under the ground motion is investigated, and their optimum parameters are obtained based on the simulated annealing (SA) optimization. The STMD is one of the most well-known passive control devices which consists of two TMD units arranged in series. However, only a few studies are available on the control performance and optimum parameters of the STMDs for structural systems subjected to ground motion. Thus, the goal of this study is to carry out a thorough optimization analysis based on the SA algorithm for the structures equipped with an STMD under the effect of ground motion. The objective function is selected as the reduction of the displacement response of the structure. It is proved that the optimum STMD has better effectiveness than the optimum TMD in suppressing the maximum story displacement of the structure. Further, the effect of the frequency shift on the effectiveness of the optimally designed STMD is investigated.
AtıfScopus38WoS32OpenAlex37İncele - MakaleYalnız künye2021Scopus SJRQ2Investigating the historical development of accuracy and precision of Galileo by means of relative GNSS analysis technique
Yalvac, Sefa
Galileo navigation system has significantly expanded satellite constellation over the last few years and now serves with 22 satellites in three orbital planes. The development of the Galileo is not only limited to the number of satellites in the space segment, but also the quality of the IGS MGEX products produced by different Analysis Centers has increased gradually and brought up the topic of investigation of the accuracy and precision of the Galileo-only positioning. However, almost all of the studies on Galileo-only positioning in the literature have been performed with Precise Point Positioning method and comprehensive studies with the relative positioning technique are quite a few. In this study, the development of the accuracy and precision of the Galileo from 2016 to the end of 2019 (4 years) has been investigated for the first time by means of relative positioning technique. For this purpose, data of eight GNSS stations selected from the IGS MGEX network were obtained and analyzed with GAMIT/GLOBK software as GPS-only and Galileo-only, separately. Using the daily solutions obtained from both navigation systems, time series were produced and the differences between them were compared in order to reveal the Galileo accuracy. According to the results, the accuracy of the Galileo was variable during the experiment and it could be examined in three periods. The averages of 3D positioning error in the first period (2016-2017) is 14.92 mm and improved by 56%, and decreased to 6.55 mm in the second period (2017-2018), and then improvement at 23% in the third period (2018 to the end of 2019) and decrescent to level of 5.13 mm on average for all stations. Similarly, standard deviations obtained from Galileo increased during the experiment and during the 3rd period it was closed to a few mm with GPS. It was concluded that the accuracy and precision of the Galileo showed parallel development and the development was directly related to the number of satellites in the Galileo constellation, and as a result, nowadays, Galileo-derived coordinates are close to the coordinates obtained from the GPS by a few mm.
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