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- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Scopus SJRQ1Turkish Adaptation, Psychometric Validity and Measurement Invariance of the Reasons for Implicit Rationing of the Nursing Care Scale
Özalp, Cemal; Gerçek, Abdullah; Tuncer, Metin
Aim: This study aimed to adapt the Reasons for Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care Scale into Turkish and evaluate its validity, reliability and measurement invariance among nurses in Türkiye. Background: Implicit rationing of nursing care may compromise care quality and patient safety and is influenced by organizational, resource-related and communication factors. A culturally valid instrument is needed to identify the factors contributing to implicit rationing of nursing care within the Turkish healthcare context. Design: A methodological, cross-sectional psychometric validation study. Method: Data were collected between July and December 2025 from nurses working in a public hospital in Türkiye. The source population comprised 900 nurses and 411 nurses were included in the final sample using convenience sampling. Data were collected using the Personal Information Form and the Reasons for Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care Scale. Construct validity was examined using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses on randomly divided samples. Convergent and discriminant validity and gender-based measurement invariance were assessed. Reliability was evaluated using Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega and the intraclass correlation coefficient. Results: The Kaiser–Meyer–Olkin value was 0.936, indicating that the data were suitable for factor analysis. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a two-factor structure consistent with the original scale, explaining 74.30% of the total variance. Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated acceptable model fit. Convergent validity was supported, whereas the heterotrait–monotrait ratio value indicated borderline discriminant validity. Measurement invariance across genders was largely supported at the configural, metric and scalar levels. The scale demonstrated high internal consistency and temporal stability, with a Cronbach's alpha value of 0.941, a McDonald's omega value of 0.932 and an intraclass correlation coefficient value of 0.873. Conclusion: The Turkish version of the Reasons for Implicit Rationing of Nursing Care Scale is a valid, reliable and gender-invariant instrument. It can be confidently used in Turkish clinical settings to assess factors contributing to implicit rationing of nursing care.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Scopus SJRQ2Measuring Dysfunctional Grief due to a COVID-19 Loss: A Kurdish Validation Study of the Pandemic Grief Scale
Karimi, Kambiz; Yaghoobi, Abolghasem; Gungor, Sunay; Karimi, Afagh; Sohrabi, Saeed
Millions of people are grieving the loss of someone who died of COVID-19. The current study aims to validate a Kurdish version of the Pandemic Grief Scale which is a brief English-language mental health screener to identify cases of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death. We recruited 501 participants. Participants completed the PGS, WSAS, PHQ-9, and Optimism scales. The factor structure, reliability, and validity of the PGS were analyzed. Using exploratory factor analysis (N1 = 300), we derived an one-factor structure. In confirmatory factor analysis (N2 = 201), the one-factor model showed good to excellent fitness. The PGS was positively correlated with PHQ-4, and WSAS and negatively correlated with optimism. The scale was internally consistent with a Cronbach's alpha of .79. These results support that the Kurdish version of the PGS is a valid and reliable assessment to assess the severity of dysfunctional grief associated with a COVID-19 death.