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- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Scopus SJRQ2Consequences of Information and Communication Technologies and Environmental Degradation on Health Expenditure
Bayraktar, Yuksel; Aydin, Serdar; Çakir, Mehmet Ali; Recepoglu, Mursit; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Buyukakin, Figen; Çakir, Sumeyra
This study aims to examine how the subcomponents and overall measurement of ecological footprint, as well as the use of information and communication technologies, affect health expenditures. For this study, the sample group consisted of the top 25 countries with the highest ecological footprint for the period 2000 to 2021. System GMM estimation results demonstrate that economic growth and ecological footprint have a positive impact on health expenditures. Covid-19 dummy variables, have a statistically significant and positive effect on health expenditures. On the other hand, information and communication technologies has a statistically significant but negative effect on health expenditures. The estimation results show that the Covid-19 pandemic increased health expenditures. Looking at the effect of subcomponents of environmental degradation on health expenditures, all subcomponents have a statistically significant and positive effect on health expenditures. It is seen that the most effective variable is forest products. The variable that has almost the same impact as the footprint of forest products is the carbon footprint. Carbon footprint has significant and positive impact on health expenditures, followed by fishing grounds cropland, grazing land, built-up land. The results of the study indicate which forms of pollution should be given priority by policymakers in order to prevent an increase in health expenditure resulting from environmental degradation.
AtıfScopus2WoS4OpenAlex4İncele - MakaleAçık Erişim2019Determinants of Out of Pocket Health Expenditure in Turkey: Unconditional Quantile Regression
Ipek, Egemen
Out-of-pocket health expenditures include direct and indirect payments made by individuals for health goods and services. In this study, the determinants of out-of-pocket health expenditures, which are one of the most important sources of health expenditures financing, are investigated with the data of 2003-2015 Household Budget Survey using the Unconditional Quantitative Regression method proposed by Firpo et al. (2009). This method allows to produce generalizable and interpretable results in terms of political and general society compared with conditional quantitative regression methods. The most important result obtained from the study is that conditional quantitative regression method gives more consistent results than unconditional quantitative and least squares regression methods in the analyzes based on the right-skewed distribution observations such as out-of-pocket health expenditures.
AtıfWoS4OpenAlex8TR Dizin5İncele