Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025The effects of sub-components of economic freedom on load capacity factor: Empirical analysis for MENA countries
Senturk, Nazli Keyifli; Bayraktar, Yuksel; Recepoglu, Mursit; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Balsalobre-Lorente, Daniel
This study investigates the effects of economic freedom sub-components on load capacity factor (LCF) in 12 MENA countries for 2017-2022. The 12 sub-components of the economic freedom index were used as independent variables, and the load capacity factor was used as the dependent variable. In the study, four-panel data models were created using the subcomponents of the economic freedom index, and a two-stage System-GMM was used. According to the study, while property rights reduce the load capacity factor, Judicial Effectiveness increases it. The effect of Government Integrity on the load capacity factor is statistically insignificant. While Government spending negatively affects the load capacity factor, Tax Burden and Fiscal Health are statistically insignificant. Business freedom affects the load capacity factor positively, but monetary freedom affects it negatively. Labour freedom is statistically insignificant. On the other hand, trade freedom and investment freedom have a positive impact on the load capacity factor, while financial freedom has a negative effect.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Consequences of Information and Communication Technologies and Environmental Degradation on Health Expenditure
Bayraktar, Yuksel; Aydin, Serdar; Çakir, Mehmet Ali; Recepoglu, Mursit; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Buyukakin, Figen; Çakir, Sumeyra
This study aims to examine how the subcomponents and overall measurement of ecological footprint, as well as the use of information and communication technologies, affect health expenditures. For this study, the sample group consisted of the top 25 countries with the highest ecological footprint for the period 2000 to 2021. System GMM estimation results demonstrate that economic growth and ecological footprint have a positive impact on health expenditures. Covid-19 dummy variables, have a statistically significant and positive effect on health expenditures. On the other hand, information and communication technologies has a statistically significant but negative effect on health expenditures. The estimation results show that the Covid-19 pandemic increased health expenditures. Looking at the effect of subcomponents of environmental degradation on health expenditures, all subcomponents have a statistically significant and positive effect on health expenditures. It is seen that the most effective variable is forest products. The variable that has almost the same impact as the footprint of forest products is the carbon footprint. Carbon footprint has significant and positive impact on health expenditures, followed by fishing grounds cropland, grazing land, built-up land. The results of the study indicate which forms of pollution should be given priority by policymakers in order to prevent an increase in health expenditure resulting from environmental degradation.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019An Empirical Study on the Relationship between Remittances and Economic Growth: The Turkish Experience in the period of 1974-2018
Toprak, Metin; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Bayraktar, Yüksel
Remittances, which tend to increase continuously in the world, affect the economies which accept high remittances in many ways. Therefore, many studies have been put forward regarding the macroeconomic effects of remittances. In this study, the impact of remittances on economic growth is analyzed by ARDL bounds testing approach for the period of 1974-2018 in Turkey. According to the findings, remittances haven’t a statistically significant effect on economic growth in the long-run. The most important factor in this finding is the declining trend of remittances in the Turkish economy. Although remittances have increased around the world, the share of remittances in the Turkish GDP is quite low.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019The relationship between foreign direct investments and income inequality: the experience of turkey
Toprak, Metin; Ozyilmaz, Ayfer; Bayraktar, Yüksel
Foreign direct investment (FDI), rapidly increasing with globalization, enables technological development and integration with international markets on the one hand and affects many macroeconomic variables such as growth, employment and income inequality from different frameworks on the other hand. FDI is decisive in income inequality through labor markets. FDI, which is concentrated especially in technology intensive sectors, leads to wage inequalities with increasing need for skilled labor, thus deepening existing income inequalities. However, in some cases, it can reduce income disparities between lower, middleincome households and high income households by reducing the difference in profits and wages between labor and employers. Within this framework, the final impact of FDI varies depending on many parameters. This study aims to investigate the effect of FDI on income inequality in the period of 1974-2015 in Turkey. The data were obtained using bound cointegration technique (ARDL) which includes Gini index as a dependent variable and as well as FDI, public expenditure, inflation and commercial openness as an independent variable The results indicate that FDI increases income inequality in the long run.