Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yazarlar
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2021Non-Invasive Monitoring of Ethanol and Methanol Levels in Grape-Derived Pisco Distillate by Vibrational Spectroscopy
Menevseoglu, Ahmed; Aykas, Didem P.; Hatta-Sakoda, Beatriz; Toledo-Herrera, Victor Hugo; Rodriguez-Saona, Luis E.
Handheld Raman and portable FT-IR spectroscopy devices were evaluated for fast and non-invasive determination of methanol and ethanol levels in Peruvian Pisco. Commercial Peruvian Pisco (n = 171) samples were kindly provided by the UNALM Alliance for Research in Alcohol and its Derivatives (Lima, Peru) and supplemented by purchases at grocery and online stores. Pisco spectra were collected on handheld Raman spectrometers equipped with either a 1064 nm or a 785 nm excitation laser and a portable infrared unit operating in transmission mode. The alcohol levels were determined by GC-MS. Calibration models used partial least-squares regression (PLSR) to develop prediction algorithms. GC-MS data revealed that 10% of Pisco samples had ethanol levels lower than 38%, indicating possible water dilution. Methanol levels ranged from 10 to 130 mg/100 mL, well below the maximum levels allowed for fruit brandies. Handheld Raman equipped with a 1064 nm excitation laser gave the best results for determining ethanol (SEP = 1.2%; RPre = 0.95) and methanol (SEP = 1.8 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.93). Randomly selected Pisco samples were spiked with methanol (75 to 2800 mg/100 mL), and their Raman spectra were collected through their genuine commercial bottles. The prediction models gave an excellent performance (SEP = 98 mg/100 mL; RPre = 0.97), allowing for the non-destructive and non-contact determination of methanol and ethanol concentrations without opening the bottles.
- MakaleYalnız künye2019Theoretical investigation on combustion characteristics of ethanol-fueled dual-plug SI engine
Altın, İsmail; Bilgin, Atilla; Sezer, İsmet
In this study, effects of equivalence ratio, spark timing and spark plug number and locations on combustion characteristics were theoretically investigated using an ethanol-fueled dual-plug SI engine. Two-zone quasi-dimensional model was used throughout analyses. Three spark plug configurations (diagonally, centrally and side located), three equivalence ratios (0.8, 0.9, and 1.0), and three spark timings (−30, −25, and −20 CA @ BTDC) were considered to analyze variation of total burn duration, mass fraction burned, cylinder pressure, and temperatures (exhaust and maximum burned gas). Variation of mass fraction burned and cylinder pressure were also investigated at lean mixture ratio and 2800 rpm (MBT engine speed). Lastly, the effect of engine speed on total burn duration, maximum cylinder pressure and aforementioned temperatures were investigated in the range of 1000–6000 rpm. The findings show that dual-plug configuration yields approximate combustion characteristics by comparison with centrally located single plug configuration in ethanol-fueled SI engine.
- MakaleYalnız künye2017EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION THE EFFECTS OF ETHANOL AND DIETHYL ETHER ADDITION INTO DIESEL FUEL ON ENGINE PERFORMANCE AND EXHAUST EMISSIONS
Sezer, Ismet
In this study, effects of ethanol and diethyl ether addition into diesel fuel on the performance and emissions of a diesel engine were experimentally investigated. A commercial diesel fuel and three different blends prepared with 15% ethanol, 15% ethanol and 2% diethyl ether and 15% ethanol and 4% diethyl ether were used in the tests. The experiments were performed at an engine speed of 1500 rpm and under various loads by using a single cylinder direct injection diesel engine. The injection, combustion, performance and emissions parameters were evaluated for baseline fuel and blends. The results show that, the injection pressure decreases for all blends, and diethyl ether addition causes a delay in the injection timing. The burnt mass fraction is lower for ethanol and diethyl ether blends during early combustion phase, while it increases for diethyl ether blends during the progressive combustion phase. Ethanol and diethyl ether blends also give the reductions in the cylinder pressure and temperature. Air excess coefficient increases the rate by 9.3-10.4%, but exhaust gas temperature decreases the rate by 4.8-5.5% when using ethanol and diethyl ether blends. Although ethanol blend causes a decrement of 1.4% in engine power, reductions in engine power are between 0.3% and 1.1% for diethyl ether blends. Both ethanol and diethyl ether blends yield increments the rate by 14.7-17.2% in brake thermal efficiency and a reduction of 8.5% in brake specific fuel consumption. The reductions were obtained the rate by 6.8-18.2% for NOx and 10.3-13.8% for CO2 emissions, when using the blended fuels. Ethanol and diethyl ether blends cause the increments the rate by 5-12.5% for HC emission, while CO emission fluctuates depending on the engine load.
- Yüksek Lisans TeziAçık Erişim2015Yenilenebilir alternatif yakıtların dizel motorlarda kullanımının performans ve emisyonlar üzerindeki etkilerinin incelenmesi
Aytekin Hoçur
Dizel motorları yüksek verim ve yüksek moment, artan devir sayıları, dayanıklılık ve benzin motorlarına kıyasla daha düşük karbon monoksit (CO) ve hidrokarbon (HC) emisyonu salınımı gibi üstünlükleri sebebiyle özellikle hafif karayolu taşıtlarında son yıllarda daha yaygın kullanılmaya başlanmıştır. Ancak, dizel motorları özellikle petrol kökenli yakıtlar kullanıldığında yüksek oranda azot oksit (NOx), is ve partikül madde (PM) emisyonu üretirler. Dizel motorlarında yakıt ekonomisi sağlamak ve zararlı egzoz emisyonlarını azaltmak için çeşitli yöntemler uygulanmaktadır. Bu yöntemler içinde konvansiyonel yakıtların özelliklerinin iyileştirilmesi amacıyla içerisine belirli oranlarda çeşitli alternatif yakıtların katılması ve konvansiyonel yakıtların yerine özellikle yenilenebilir alternatif yakıtların kullanımı kirletici emisyonlarının azaltılması ve gelecekteki enerji ihtiyacının karşılanması için umut verici bir çözüm olarak görülmektedir. Dizel motorlarda alternatif yakıt olarak kullanılabilecek yakıtlar arasında doğalgaz, hidrojen, biyogaz, biyodizel, alkoller ve çeşitli sentetik yakıtlar sayılabilir. Ayrıca motorinin özelliklerini iyileştirmek amacıyla özellikle içeriğinde oksijen bulunan metanol, etanol gibi alkoller, biyodizel ve çeşitli eterler dizel yakıtına belirli oranlarda katılabilmektedir. Bu çalışmada dizel motorlarda kullanılmaya elverişli çeşitli yenilenebilir alternatif yakıtların saf olarak ve motorine karıştırılarak kullanılmasının motor performansı ve egzoz emisyonlarına etkileri teorik ve deneysel olarak incelenmiştir. Anahtar Kelimeler: Dizel motorlar, Egzoz emisyonları, Motor performansı, Oksijenatlar, Yenilenebilir alternatif yakıtlar
