Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
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- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Analyzing the impact of economic growth and FDI on sustainable development goals in China: insights from ecological footprints and load capacity factors
Güler, Ilkay; Naimoglu, Mustafa; Simsek, Orhan; Adali, Zafer; Özbek, Sefa
This study investigates the impact of economic growth and foreign direct investment (FDI) on China's sustainable development goals (SDGs), specifically Zero Hunger (SDG 2), Life Below Water (SDG 14), and Life on Land (SDG 15). It examines ecological footprints and load capacity factors (LCFs) in cropland, fishing, forest, and grazing land using Fourier bootstrap autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) cointegration analysis and fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) estimators. The study covers the period from 1979 to 2022. Key findings reveal that while GDP and FDI often exacerbate environmental degradation, urbanization and value-added agriculture, forestry, and fishing (FAFGDP) improve sustainability in some areas. The study confirms the pollution haven hypothesis for most models, suggesting that China's legal and regulatory frameworks may inadequately mitigate FDI's adverse environmental effects. The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) hypothesis is not supported as GDP growth generally increases ecological footprints. However, trade openness and urbanization show positive influences on environmental sustainability. Policy recommendations include enhancing energy efficiency, promoting renewable energy, implementing green technologies in agriculture and urban development, and revising FDI policies to incentivize environmentally friendly practices. These strategies are crucial for achieving China's sustainable development goals and mitigating the pressures of human activities on natural resources.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Institutional Structure and Environmental Pollution: An Application within the Framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve Hypothesis
Hayaloglu, Pınar; Recepoglu, Murşit; Cakir, Mehmet Ali
The EKC hypothesis explains the relationship between economic growth and environmental degradation. However, criticisms of its fundamental assumptions suggest that this relationship should be examined more comprehensively. While the EKC hypothesis addresses the link between income levels and environmental quality, it may overlook the impact of institutional structures and policy factors. In this context, recent studies increasingly highlight the role of institutional structures in environmental degradation. Accordingly, this study aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of environmental sustainability by approaching the EKC hypothesis from the perspective of institutional quality. To determine the effects of institutional quality on environmental degradation, the study employs the Driscoll-Kraay estimation method. The analysis is conducted on a sample of SADC countries for the period 1990-2021. The findings indicate that institutional quality has a statistically significant and positive effect on environmental degradation; however, beyond a certain threshold, this effect reverses. Additionally, the impact of economic growth on environmental degradation is examined within the EKC framework, revealing that while per capita income initially increases environmental degradation, exceeding a certain income level leads to improvements in environmental quality. The findings confirm the validity of the EKC hypothesis in SADC countries and suggest that strong institutional structures can play a supportive role in promoting environmental sustainability.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2019The impact of economic globalization on CO2 emissions: The case of NAFTA countries
Kalaycı, Cemalettin; Hayaloğlu, Pınar
International trade with the economic globalization gaining wide currency has brought along the environmental problems. Transition to environment-friendly high-tech products and schemes in developed countries alleviated the impacts of these problems whereas underdeveloped environmental standards in developing countries still cause deterioration in the environmental quality. For this reason, there are different views on the environmental impacts of globalization. The study investigates the impact of globalization and trade openness on CO2 emissions with reference to the NAFTA countries. Employing panel-data analysis, the study relies on the annual data for a period of 1990–2015. The findings reveal that there is a positive relationship between economic globalization and trade openness, and CO2 emissions. The study further tests the validity of Environmental Kuznets Curve for the target countries. To this end, the research identifies a positive-direction relationship in both linear and square forms between CO2 emissions and economic growth.