Sürdürülebilir Kalkınma Amaçları
Yayınlar
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Neuromuscular and Kinetic Adaptations to Symmetric and Asymmetric Load Carriage During Walking in Individuals with Chronic Low Back Pain
Tajik, Raheleh; Dhahbi, Wissem; Mimar, Raghad; Khaleghi Tazji, Mehdi; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Stefanica, Valentina; Hammami, Nadhir
Aim: This study examined how load size and symmetry affect trunk muscle activation patterns, vertical ground reaction forces, and estimated lumbar spine compression during overground walking in individuals with chronic low back pain (CLBP) and those without symptoms. Methods: Thirty male participants (15 with CLBP, 15 controls; ages 23–28 years) performed walking tests under four load conditions: symmetric and asymmetric carriage at 10% and 20% of body weight. Bilateral surface electromyography measured activation from seven trunk muscles (rectus abdominis, external oblique, internal oblique, latissimus dorsi, lumbar erector spinae, multifidus) and the thoracolumbar fascia region, normalized to maximum voluntary isometric contractions (%MVIC). Force plates recorded vertical ground reaction forces synchronized with heel-strike events. A repeated-measures ANOVA with Bonferroni corrections was used to analyze the effects of load configuration and magnitude. Results: Asymmetric loading at 20% body weight caused significantly higher peak vertical ground reaction forces compared to symmetric loading (mean difference = 47.3 N, p < 0.001), with a significant interaction between load magnitude and configuration (p = 0.004, ηp2 = 0.26). Participants with CLBP showed consistently higher trunk muscle activation throughout the gait cycle (peak: 37% MVIC vs. 30% MVIC in controls; p < 0.001, d = 1.68), with maximum recruitment at shorter muscle lengths and 24% less activation at optimal length (95% CI: 18.2–29.8%). The lumbar erector spinae and multifidus muscles exhibited the highest activation during asymmetric 20% loading in CLBP participants (0.282 and 0.263%MVIC, respectively), indicating compensatory neuromuscular strategies. Conclusion: Asymmetric load carriage creates disproportionately high mechanical and neuromuscular demands, effects that are greatly amplified in individuals with CLBP. These findings support rehabilitation strategies that improve load distribution and restore motor control, thereby reducing compensatory strain and enhancing trunk stability.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Effects of inspiratory muscle training combined with circadian rhythm-based running programs in male children football players
Konca, Erkan; Yilmaz, Coşkun; Saç, Ajlan; Dal, Suzan; Halmatov, Medera; Akıllıoğlu, Osman; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar
Background: Inspiratory muscle training (IMT) has been suggested to improve respiratory function and physical performance; however, evidence in preadolescent athletes remains limited. This study examined whether adding IMT to circadian rhythm–based running programs would enhance functional and pulmonary outcomes in preadolescent male football players with at least two years of regular football training experience. Methods: Seventy-five boys aged 10–12 years were categorized into morning-, intermediate-, or evening-type groups based on Morningness–Eveningness Scale for Children (MESC) scores, and each chronotype group was assigned to its corresponding running protocol with or without IMT. Over six weeks, participants completed circadian rhythm–based running sessions, and IMT groups performed graded-load IMT. Pre- and post-intervention assessments included agility, six-minute walk test (6MWT), pulmonary function (FVC, FEV₁, FEV₁/FVC), and respiratory muscle strength (MIP, MEP). Results: Agility and 6MWT performance improved most in the morning running + IMT group compared with evening running + IMT and running-only groups (p < 0.001). FVC and FEV₁ increased in both IMT groups, though gains were modest and smaller in the running-only group. Improvements in MIP and MEP did not differ significantly between groups. Conclusion: Combining IMT with morning running produced the greatest improvements in agility and functional performance, while pulmonary gains were moderate and respiratory muscle strength changes were comparable across groups. IMT may provide additional benefit when integrated into chronotype-aligned morning training in preadolescent football players. Trial registration: Effects of Inspiratory Muscle Training Combined with Circadian Rhythm-based Running Programs in Children Football Players, ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT06817486, Date: 27-01-2025.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2026Match success in football: insights from raw and possession-normalized key performance indicators in the Turkish professional league
Sever, Ozan; Öncü, Çağdaş; Öztaşyonar, Yunus; Aksoy, Ömer; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar
Background: Match-performance indicators are widely used to explain success in football; however, traditional analyses based solely on absolute key performance indicators (KPIs) may overlook contextual factors such as ball possession and phase of play. This study aimed to examine match-performance indicators associated with winning in Turkish professional football using two complementary approaches: a raw KPI model based on absolute match actions and a possession- and phase-of-play–normalized KPI model accounting for contextual opportunity. Methodology: Match data were obtained from a validated event-based database covering six consecutive seasons, yielding 2,728 team observations from 1,364 win–loss matches. Descriptive comparisons between winning and losing teams were conducted, followed by multivariate binary logistic regression analyses to identify performance indicators independently associated with match success under both modeling approaches. Results: At the descriptive level, winning teams demonstrated higher values for shots, shots on target, accurate passes, opponent-half accurate passes, accurate crosses (%), and opponent-half accurate passes (%), whereas total possession and total passes did not differ significantly between groups. In terms of disciplinary indicators, losing teams received significantly more yellow and red cards, whereas fouls committed were significantly higher in winning teams (p = 0.014). However, the normalized indicator (fouls committed per out-of-possession) did not differ significantly between groups. In the raw KPI model, positive predictors of match success included shots on target (OR = 1.58), accurate crosses (OR = 1.10), opponent-half accurate passes (OR = 1.01), and fouls committed (OR = 1.04). Negative predictors were total crosses (OR = 0.92), yellow cards (OR = 0.89), and red cards (OR = 0.49). In the possession-normalized model, significant positive predictors were shots on target per possession, accurate crosses per possession, and fouls committed per out-of-possession. Significant negative predictors included crosses per possession, accurate crosses (%), yellow cards per out-of-possession, and red cards per out-of-possession. Conclusions: The findings indicate that combining absolute performance indicators with context-sensitive normalized metrics may provide a more comprehensive perspective on match success in football. Offensive efficiency and disciplinary control emerged as key correlates of winning, particularly when evaluated relative to possession and phase-of-play contexts. These findings suggest the potential value of integrating contextualized performance analysis into match evaluation and performance analysis frameworks.
- MakaleYayıncıda açık erişim2026Effects of different conditioning activities performed after soccer-specific warm-up on post-activation performance enhancement
Kartal, Alper; Ilhan, Muhammet Taha; Ergin, Esin; Pancar, Zarife; Karaca, Burak; Yildiz, Yasin; Gulsen, Doğukan Batur Alp; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar
The post-activation performance enhancement (PAPE) effect has been widely studied; however, studies conducted under real-world conditions remain limited. Furthermore, investigations into how different conditioning activities (CAs) influence PAPE responses are also scarce. Therefore, this study investigates the acute effects of high-intensity barbell hip thrust (BHT) and back squat (BS) exercises, performed after a soccer-specific warm-up (Wup), on physical performance in soccer players. Seventeen male amateur soccer players participated in the study (mean age: 22.29 ± 3.60 years; height: 1.78 ± 0.06 m; body weight: 73.18 ± 8.44 kg). Participants attended 5 experimental sessions. In the first session, after anthropometric assessments, participants were familiarized with the exercises and tests. In the second session, one-repetition maximum (1RM) was tested for BS and HT exercises. In the following three sessions, two PAPE protocols and one traditional (TRAD) protocol were performed in a randomized order. In the TRAD protocol, players performed physical performance tests including countermovement jump (CMJ), 10-m and 30-m sprint, and zigzag agility 16 minutes after a soccer-specific Wup. In the PAPE protocols, players performed CAs (e.g., hip thrust or back squat) at 85% of 1RM for 2 sets of 3 repetitions following a soccer-specific Wup, and completed the tests 8 minutes later. Results from the linear mixed-effects models revealed no significant effect of protocol on any performance variable, including CMJ (F(2,32) = 1.554, p = 0.227), 10 m sprint (F(2,32) = 0.242, p = 0.786), 30 m sprint (F(2,32) = 0.453, p = 0.640), and change of direction (COD) performance (F(2,32) = 0.946, p = 0.399). Marginal R² values indicated that the protocol explained only a minimal proportion of variance in performance outcomes (0.005–0.030), whereas conditional R² and ICC values suggested that between-participant differences accounted for a substantial proportion of variance, particularly for CMJ and 30 m sprint performance. Bonferroni-adjusted pairwise comparisons further showed no significant differences between PAPEBHT, PAPEBS, and TRAD protocols for CMJ, 10 m sprint, 30 m sprint, or COD performance (all p > 0.05). In conclusion, neither PAPE protocol performed after a soccer-specific warm-up significantly enhanced or impaired subsequent CMJ, sprint, or COD performance compared with the traditional warm-up. These findings suggest that adding PAPEBHT or PAPEBS protocols after a soccer-specific warm-up may maintain subsequent performance without inducing measurable decrements; however, their ergogenic effectiveness may depend on individual factors such as players’ strength levels, recovery capacity, training status, and physical characteristics.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025The Effects of Vertıcal and Horızontal Statıc Core Strength Exercıses on Athletıc Performance ın Young Female Handball Players
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ceylan, Halil Ibrahim; Edis, Çağlar
Core exercises are typically performed in the horizontal plane, whereas athletic activities such as running, jumping, and change of direction (COD) occur in both vertical and horizontal planes. This study aimed to investigate the effects of static core exercises performed in the vertical and horizontal planes on physical performance. Twenty-four female handball players voluntarily participated in the study and were randomly assigned to either a vertical static core (VSC) exercise group (n=12; age: 17,75±0,99 years, height: 171,00±8,66 cm, weight: 66,08±5,97 kg) or a horizontal static core (HSC) exercise group (n=12; age: 17,75±0,75 years, height: 166,75±13,71 cm, weight: 63,33±6,74 kg). A two-group experimental design with a pretest-posttest model was employed. The core exercise protocol consisted of prone plank, side plank (right and left), supine bridge, and bird dog exercises, performed three times per week for eight weeks. Before and after the intervention, participants were evaluated for isometric core strength, 5-20 meter linear sprint performance, vertical jump height, and three different COD performance tests. Data were analyzed using the Shapiro-Wilk test to assess the normality of the distribution. Paired samples t-tests were used to analyze differences between the groups’ pretest and posttest results based on normality assumptions. For between-group comparisons, independent samples t-test was used. The results revealed no statistically significant differences between the VSC and HSC groups in terms of post-exercise performance improvements (p>0.05). However, significant improvements in physical performance parameters were observed within both groups from pre- to post-intervention (p
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Concurrent Validity of the Optojump Infrared Photocell System in Lower Limb Peak Power Assessment: Comparative Analysis with the Wingate Anaerobic Test and Sprint Performance
Khemiri, Aymen; Negra, Yassine; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Hajri, Manel; Njah, Abdelmonom; Hachana, Younes; Yıldız, Mevlüt; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Attia, Ahmed
Aim: This study analyzed the concurrent validity of the Optojump infrared photocell system for estimating lower limb peak power by comparing it with the 15 s Wingate anaerobic test (WAnT) and examining relationships with sprint performance indicators. Methods: Twelve physically active university students (ten males, two females; age: 23.39 ± 1.47 years; body mass: 73.08 ± 9.19 kg; height: 173.67 ± 6.97 cm; BMI: 24.17 ± 1.48 kg·m−2) completed a cross-sectional validation protocol. Participants performed WAnT on a calibrated Monark ergometer (7.5% body weight for males, 5.5% for females), 30 s continuous jump tests using the Optojump system (Microgate, Italy), and 30 m sprint assessments with 10 m and 20 m split times. Peak power was expressed in absolute (W), relative (W·kg−1), and allometric (W·kg−0.67) terms. Results: Thirty-second continuous jump testing produced systematically higher peak power values across all metrics (p < 0.001). Mean differences indicated large effect sizes: relative power (Cohen’s d = 0.99; 18.263 ± 4.243 vs. 10.99 ± 1.58 W·kg−1), absolute power (d = 0.86; 1381.71 ± 393.44 vs. 807.28 ± 175.45 W), and allometric power (d = 0.79). Strong correlations emerged between protocols, with absolute power showing the strongest association (r = 0.842, p < 0.001). Linear regression analysis revealed that 30 s continuous jump-derived measurements explained 71% of the variance in Wingate outcomes (R2 = 0.710, p < 0.001). Sprint performance showed equivalent predictive capacity for both tests (Wingate: R2 = 0.66; 30 s continuous jump: R2 = 0.67). Conclusions: The Optojump infrared photocell system provides a valid and practical alternative to laboratory-based ergometry for assessing lower limb anaerobic power. While it systematically overestimates absolute values compared with the Wingate anaerobic test, its strong concurrent validity (r > 0.80), large effect sizes, and equivalent predictive ability for sprint performance (R2 = 0.66–0.71) confirm its reliability as a field-based assessment tool. These findings underscore the importance of sport-specific, weight-bearing assessment technologies in modern sports biomechanics, providing coaches, practitioners, and clinicians with a feasible method for monitoring performance, talent identification, and training optimization. The results further suggest that Optojump-based protocols can bridge the gap between laboratory precision and ecological validity, supporting both athletic performance enhancement and injury prevention strategies.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2025Casein Supplementation Timing and Exercise Performance in Soccer Players: Pre-Sleep vs. Post-Exercise Intake—A Randomized Controlled Trial
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ateş, Zeynep Hazal; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Kul, Murat; Muntean, Raul Ioan; Dhahbi, Wissem
Background: Nutrient timing strategies may influence recovery and performance in athletes; however, the effects of ingesting casein protein before sleep versus immediately after exercise remain unclear. This study compared the acute effects of pre-sleep and post-exercise ingestion of casein on high-intensity anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players. Methods: Twenty-four highly trained male soccer players (mean age: 20.6 ± 1.8 years) were randomly assigned to three groups: post-exercise casein ingestion group (PECIG; n = 8), pre-sleep casein ingestion group (PSCIG; n = 8), and control group (CG; n = 8). Following a standardized high-intensity resistance training protocol, participants consumed 30 g of micellar casein dissolved in 300 mL of water either immediately after exercise or 30–60 min before bedtime. Performance was assessed using the Countermovement Jump (CMJ), the Illinois Agility Test (IAT), and the Running-based Anaerobic Sprint Test (RAST), which were conducted both before and 24 h after the training session. Results: Repeated-measures ANOVA revealed significant group-by-time effects for CMJ (F = 8.21, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.36) and RAST performance variables, including peak power (F = 6.94, p = 0.003, η2p = 0.32), mean power (F = 7.42, p = 0.002, η2p = 0.34), and fatigue index (F = 5.87, p = 0.008, η2p = 0.28). Post hoc analyses showed that PSCIG significantly improved CMJ (Δ = +1.45 cm; p < 0.001, d = 2.04) and RAST mean power (Δ = +125.14 W; p = 0.002, d = 1.55) compared with the control condition. PECIG significantly enhanced RAST peak power (Δ = +205.79 W; p = 0.001, d = 1.64), mean power (Δ = +128.43 W; p = 0.013, d = 1.24), and fatigue index (Δ = +4.12 W/s; p = 0.010, d = 1.29) relative to CG. No performance differences were observed between PSCIG and PECIG timing conditions (all p > 0.05). Conclusions: Both pre-sleep and post-exercise casein ingestion enhanced anaerobic performance in highly trained soccer players, with each timing method favoring different performance outcomes. However, neither strategy demonstrated superiority over the other, suggesting that casein timing may be flexibly applied according to athletes’ preferences and training contexts.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Effects of Swedish Massage at Different Times of the Day on Dynamic and Static Balance in Taekwondo Athletes
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Eken, Özgür; Bayer, Ramazan; Yagin, Fatma Hilal; Kızılet, Tuba; Kayhan, Recep Fatih; Ardigò, Luca Paolo
The purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of different durations of Swedish massage on the static and dynamic balance at different times of the day in taekwondo athletes. Twelve taekwondo athletes who had been practicing on a regular basis for more than 5 years participated in this study. Taekwondo athletes completed static and dynamic balance tests either after a no-massage protocol (NMP), a five-minute massage protocol (5MMP), a ten-minute massage protocol (10MMP), or a fifteen-minute massage protocol (15MMP) two times a day in the morning (08:00–12:00) and in the evening (16:00–20:00), on non-consecutive days. The findings of this study suggest that the duration of the massage has a discernible impact on dynamic balance, particularly with regard to the right foot. Taekwondo athletes who received a 10MMP or 15MMP displayed significantly improved dynamic balance compared to those in the NMP. Importantly, these improvements were independent of the time of day when the massages were administered. It underscores the potential benefits of incorporating short-duration Swedish massages into taekwondo athletes’ pre-competition routines to enhance dynamic balance. These findings highlight the potential benefits of incorporating short-duration Swedish massages into taekwondo athletes’ pre-competition routines to enhance dynamic balance, a critical component of their performance, regardless of the time of day.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2024Exploring the associations between ankle dorsal and plantar flexion strength, reactive strength index, and balance in elite youth soccer players
Kayhan, Recep Fatih; Terzi, Esranur; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ceylan, Halil İbrahim; Morgans, Ryland; Nikolaidis, Pantelis T.
Background: Enhanced muscular strength has been widely acknowledged as a fundamental determinant of improved performance in the lower extremities. However, the specific impact of ankle strength on explosive strength and balance remains inadequately elucidated. Consequently, this study aims to (a) evaluate balance, reactive power, and flexor–extensor muscle balances in soccer players, and (b) evaluate ankle dorsal and plantar flexion muscle strength as predictive factors for reactive strength index and balance performance. Methodology: A cohort comprising 38 actively engaged Turkish National League soccer players participated in the study. The assessment encompassed explosive power through a drop jump, dynamic balance utilizing a moving disc, and ankle strength measured with a handheld dynamometer. Results: The findings revealed that dominant lower limb dorsal flexion strength emerged as a significant predictor of both reactive strength (R2 = 0.106, p < 0.05) and balance (R2 = 0.121, p < 0.05). Similarly, non-dominant lower limb dorsal flexion strength was identified as a significant predictor of reactive strength (R2 = 0.362, p < 0.05). Furthermore, the study established that dominant lower limb plantar flexion strength significantly predicted balance (R2 = 0.121, p < 0.05), while non-dominant lower limb plantar flexion strength served as a significant predictor of both reactive strength (R2 = 0.148, p < 0.05) and balance (R2 = 0.179, p < 0.05). Conclusions: Consequently, these findings emphasize the significance of incorporating targeted exercises designed to enhance intrinsic foot musculature, thereby augmenting both explosive strength and balance in athletes. While acknowledging the persistent importance of strength assessment in evaluating lower extremity performance, our results underscore the critical role played by ankle muscle strength in the execution of explosive strength and balance.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023An Investigation of the Effects of Some Parameters on the Shooting Performance of Air Rifle Shooters in Terms of Gender and Level of Competition
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ertürk, Ceren
The purpose of this study is to compare the effects of some parameters on the shooting performance of air rifle shootersin terms of gender and level of competition. To achieve this, 20 air rifle shooters who ranked in the Air Guns Turkey Cup and Air Guns Turkey Championships volunteered for the study. In this study, the height and body composition of the participants were measured, and then grip strength, back and leg strength, heart rate, flexibility, vital capacity, static balance, dynamic balance, and reaction time tests were performed. One (1) series, which included ten (10) shots was fired to determine the shooting success of the participants. There found a positive and high statistical significance between the scoresof the elite shooters in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity measurements (r=.656; p<0.05), between the scores of the junior shooters in a series of shots, their measured vital capacity (r=.820; p<0.01), their vital capacity percentage (r=.686; p<0.05), and their right-hand grip strength (r=.703; p<0.05). Furthermore, while a negative and high significance was acquired between the male participants’ scores in a series of shotsand the right foot dynamic balance (r= -790; p<0.05), there was a positive and high correlation between the scores of female participants in a series of shots and their expected vital capacity (r=.704; p<0.05). As a result, it was concluded that some performance parameters in terms of gender and level of competition affected the shooting performance of the participants.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Futbolcularda Kas Kuvveti ve Anaerobik Gücün Şut Hızına Etkisi
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Aydin, Mustafa
Bu çalışmanın amacı, Gümüşhane ilindeki amatör futbolcuların ayaküstü vuruş tekniği kullanarak farklı mesafelerden gerçekleştirdikleri vuruşlar esnasındaki şut hızlarının kas kuvveti ve anaerobik performans parametreleri ile ilişkisinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, Gümüşhanespor U19, Kösespor ve Gümüşhane Üniversitesi futbol takımı oyuncularından toplam 23 erkek futbolcu çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katılmıştır. Çalışmada, katılımcıların alt eksremite ölçümü için tam squat hareketinde bir tekrarlı maksimal (1TM) kuvvet testi, anaerobik performanslarını ölçmek için Wingate anaerobik güç testi (WanT) testi uygulanmıştır. Katılımcıların şut hızları ise ayaküstü vuruş tekniği kullanılarak farklı mesafelerden (9m, 11m ve 13 m) gerçekleştirilmiştir. Verilerin analizinde; normallik testi, pearson korelasyon analizi ve çoklu regresyon analizi kullanılmıştır. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, tam squat hareketindeki 1TM değeri ile 9 ve 11 metre mesafeden gerçekleştirilen ayaküstü vuruş sırasındaki şut hızları arasında pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu elde edilmiştir. 9 metre mesafeden gerçekleştirilen vuruşlardaki şut hızı ile mutlak zirve güç (ZG) ve ortalama güç (OG) değerleri arasında; 11 metreden gerçekleştirilen vuruşlardaki hız değerleri ile mutlak OG ve hem mutlak hem de relatif ZG değerleri arasında; 13 metrelik mesafeden gerçekleştirilen vuruşlardaki şut hızları ile hem mutlak hem de relatif ZG ve OG değerleri arasında pozitif yönde ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olduğu elde edilmiştir. Bunun haricinde, şut hızları ile diğer parametreler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkinin olmadığı elde edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, topa vuruş mesafesi arttıkça kas kuvveti etkisinin azaldığı ama anaerobik performansın daha önemli bir bileşen olarak öne çıktığı ileri sürülebilir.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2023Effect of different specific warm-up protocols and time of day on optimum power performance in kickboxers
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Koç, Hürmüz; Yağın, Fatma Hilal; Bayer, Ramazan; Nobari, Hadi; Pardos, Elena Mainer; Eken, Özgür
Numerous variables can affect performance before the competition. Nevertheless, it could be a subject of curiosity to find out whether a warm-up strategy has a more positive effect on the power performance of kickboxers. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the effect of different specific warm-up protocols and time of day on optimum power performance in kickboxers. Ten volunteer males performed three different warm-up routines in random order. The warm-up protocols consisted of only 20 min for each group. The groups with low-intensity aerobic running (NSWU) and specific warm-ups (SWU-20m) performed 20-min protocols. The other group followed 10 minutes of jogging and 10 minutes of specific warm-up (SWU-10m). All groups followed the warm-up randomly at two different periods of the day (i.e. morning: 09:00-10:00 and evening: 16:00-17:00) on non-consecutive days. A statistically significant difference was found between the groups in terms of Mean Propulsion (W) (F=3.518; p2=0.036). There was a statistically significant difference in Mean propulsive Power (W) between NSWU and SWU-10m (p3= 0.0007) in addition there was also a statistically significant difference in SWU-10m and SWU-20m (p3= 0.0106) and, NSWU and SWU-20m (p3= 0.415) protocols. In conclusion, mean propulsion (W) performance showed diurnal variation, and performances of the kickboxers’ can be affected more positively in the evening hours, especially after SWU protocols.
- Derleme MakaleYalnız künye2022The Effects of High Intensive Interval Training (HIIT) on Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor (BDNF) and Cardiovascular Health: A Review
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Topsakal, Nuri; Eken, Özgür
High-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs have lately gained popularity because they produce beneficial adaptations for both inactive and athletes, as well as positive health and performance benefits and time efficiency. Therefore, it was purposed to review scientific research results about the effects of HIIT programs on BDNF and cardiovascular health. Although there are research findings suggesting that HIIT may be an effective strategy for promoting elevation of BDNF concentrations, current research seems to be rather limited and inconclusive. It can be thought that exercise intensity is a factor affecting BDNF activation. In healthy people, there seems to be a positive linear relationship between exercise intensity and BDNF levels of acute exercise. However, further experimental studies are needed to elucidate the effect of HIIT on BDNF in humans with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases. However, it can be suggested that high intensity can be an significant achievement factor to design an effective exercise programs and the HIIT methodology has a critical importance for improving cardiovascular function, particularly in healthy individuals. In conclusion, while existing studies show that high-intensity interval training (HIIT) programs can improve cardiovascular health in some populations, further scientific research is needed to determine the efficiency of this strategy in producing physiological adaptation to exercise.
- MakaleYalnız künye2022The Acute Effect of High-Intensity Functional Exercises on Circadian Rhythm and Anaerobic Performance Parameters
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Bayer, Ramazan; Eken, Özgür
Kickboxing is a sport that involves high intensity and short intervals. High intensity functional training can contribute to training kickboxers specific to the competition. The purpose of this study is to examine the acute effect of high-intensity functional exercises on circadian rhythm and anaerobic performance parameters. The study consisted of 15 volunteer male kickboxers (age, 20.67± 1.23 years; height, 173.60± 3.18 cm; 69, 20±2.67 kg; BMI 23.03±.49) between the ages of 18-25. The research protocol consisted of multimodal HIFT exercises performed at different times of the day. After HIFT protocol; T-line agility, vertical jump, average and peak power data were obtained from the volunteers at different times of day (09.00 am; 01.00 pm; 05.00 pm). There was find statistically significant difference between vertical jump [F(1,145)= 129.54 p=.000, partial eta square:,902], peak power values [F(1,275)= 122.89 p=.000, partial eta square:,898], average power values [F(1,139)= 124.23 p=.000, partial eta square:,899], T- line agility times [F(1,925)= 39,227 p=.000, partial eta square:,737] after HIFT in the morning, afternoon and evening protocols (p< 0.05). The best scores were obtained in the evening (05.00 pm) values for all parameters. It was determined that HIFT had better effect on vertical jump, average power, peak power and T-line agility in the evening than morning and afternoon hours.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2022Havalı Tüfek Sporcularının Bazı Fizyolojik ve Motorik Özelliklerinin Atış Performansları Üzerine Etkisi
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Ertürk, Ceren
Bu araştırmanın amacı, havalı tüfek sporcularının bazı fizyolojik ve motorik özelliklerinin atış performansı üzerine etkilerinin araştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmaya Havalı Silahlar Türkiye Kupası ve Havalı Silahlar Türkiye Şampiyonasına katılan ve derece yapan toplam 20 havalı tüfek atış sporcusu (yaş: 15,75 ± 2,20 yıl, boy: 165 ± ,06 cm, vücut ağırlığı: 49,99 ± 12,43 kg) gönüllü olarak katıldı. Bu çalışmada, katılımcıların boy uzunluğu ve vücut kompozisyonları ölçüldü ve daha sonra el kavrama kuvveti, sırt- bacak kuvveti, kalp atım hızı, esneklik, vital kapasite, reaksiyon zamanı, statik ve dinamik denge testleri yaptırıldı. Katılımcıların atış başarısını belirlemek için on (10) atıştan meydana gelen bir (1) seri atış yaptırıldı. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; değişkenlerin normal dağılıma uygun olup olmadığını belirlenmesi için Kolmogorov-Smirnov normallik testi yapıldı. Katılımcıların bir seri atış puanları ve ölçümler arasındaki ilişkinin incelenmesi için pearson korelasyon analizi uygulandı. Ölçüm sonuçlarının bir seri atış başarısına etkisinin incelenmesinde ise basit doğrusal regresyon analizi kullanıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre; katılımcıların bir seri atış puanı ile beklenen ve ölçülen vital kapasite, esneklik, sağ ve sol el kavrama kuvveti ile sırt ve bacak kuvveti değerleri arasında pozitif ve istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir korelasyon elde edildi (p<0,05). Buna karşılık, diğer parametreler ile katılımcıların bir seri atış puanları arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişki olmadığı elde edildi (p>0,05). Sonuç olarak, bazı performans parametrelerinin atış performansını etkilediği sonucuna ulaşıldı.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021Investigation of The Relationship of The Respiratory Parameters of Competitive Swimming Athletes Aged 12-15 and The Grade of Competition
Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Sever, Mehmet Onur; Şenel, Ebru; Koç, Mine
The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between respiratory parameters and competition degrees of competitive swimmers between the ages of 12 and 15. For this purpose, 12 amateur swimmers, 7 females and 5 males, aged between 12-15 years, participating in competitions on behalf of Gümüşhane Provincial Directorate of Youth and Sports and training at least five days a week, participated voluntarily (n=12, age: 12.33±0.98 years). , height=1.51±0.14 cm, body weight=42.58±8.63 kg). Spearman Correlation analysis was used to examine the relationship between the measurement results of the athletes and their swimming performance in the evaluation of the data. It was determined that there was no statistically significant relationship (p>0.05) between the vital capacity (VC) and maximal voluntary ventilation (MVV) values of the athletes and 50 meters-100 meters free swimming degrees. On the other hand, there was a negative and aboveaverage significant correlation between forced vital capacity (FVC) values and 50 m swimming performance (r=-.699; p<0.05). In the relationship between FVC values and 100 meters freestyle swimming degrees, there was no significant difference (r = --.636; p <0.05) both negative and above the middle level. As a result, it was observed that the forced vital capacity (FVC) value, which is one of the respiratory parameters of the swimming athletes in the development group, is related to the competition degrees and that the development of respiratory parameters is important in terms of increasing the performance of the athletes.
- MakaleYalnız künye2021Futbolcularda Yo-Yo Aralıklı Toparlanma Testlerindeki (Seviye 1-2) Kalp Atım Hızı, Laktat Profili ve Toparlanma Sürelerinin İncelenmesi
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Albayrak, Ahmet Yilmaz; İmamoğlu, Recep
Bu çalışmanın amacı; futbolcularda Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testlerindeki (seviye 1-2) maksimal kalp atım hızı (KAHmaks), laktat profili ve toparlanma sürelerinin incelenmesidir. Bu amaçla, 13 amatör genç futbol oyuncusu (yaş: 18,9±1,38 yıl; boy uzunluğu: 176,1±7,11 cm; vücut ağırlığı: 67,5±6,78 kg) çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Çalışmada katılımcılara boy/kilo, Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma seviye 1 ve seviye 2 (Yo-Yo AT1 ve Yo-Yo AT2) testleri uygulandı. Yo-Yo aralıklı toparlanma testlerinde, kalp atım hızı (KAH), laktat değeri ve toparlanma süresi parametreleri belirlendi. Yo-Yo AT1 ve Yo-Yo AT2 testlerinin parametreleri arasındaki farklılık ilişkili örneklemler için T-testi ile, ilişki ise Pearson Korelasyon katsayısıyla incelendi. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, maksimal kalp atım hızı parametresi bakımından Yo-Yo AT1 (188,1±1,86 atım/dk) ve Yo-Yo AT2 (191,0±3,09 atım/dk) testleri arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu belirlendi p<0.05). Buna karşılık, Yo-Yo AT1 ve YoYo AT2 testlerinin ön-test (1,91±,53 mmol/L ve 2,00±,40 mmol/L, sıraya göre) son-test laktat değerleri (14,9±,72 mmol/L ve 15,7±1,10 mmol/L, sıraya göre) arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir farklılık olmadığı belirlendi (p>0.05). Ayrıca, test sonrasında KAH değerinin normale dönüş süresinin Yo-Yo AT2 testinde daha yavaş olduğu görüldü. Sonuç olarak, Yo-Yo AT2 testinde kat edilen mesafenin daha düşük olmasına rağmen, koşu hızının yüksek olmasından dolayı fizyolojik yanıtların daha yüksek olduğu söylenebilir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020Ağırlıklı Squat Sıçrama Hareketi Esnasındaki Hız Değerlerinin Analizi: Anaerobik Güç ve Maksimal Kuvvet Önemli Bir Faktör Mü?
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Topsakal, Nuri
Bu çalışmanın amacı; ağırlıklı squat sıçrama hareketi esnasındaki hız değerleri için anaerobik güç vemaksimal kuvvetin önemli bir faktör olup olmadığının belirlenmesidir. Bu amaç doğrultusunda; GümüşhaneÜniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulunda öğrenim gören ve farklı spor branşlarında aktif sporculisansına sahip olan 36 sporcu öğrenci (yaş: 21,4 ± 1,57 yıl; boy: 175,2 ± 5,91 cm; kilo: 68,7 ± 7,12 kg)çalışmaya gönüllü olarak katıldı. Çalışmada, katılımcıların hız parametrelerini belirlemek için kendi vücutağırlıklarının % 40’ına karşılık gelen bir dış yük kullanılarak ağırlıklı squat sıçrama (SSYük) hareketi yaptırıldı.Ayrıca, katılımcıların maksimal dinamik kuvvet özelliğini belirlemek için tam squat (SQTam) hareketinde birtekrarlı maksimal (1TM) kuvvet testi ve anaerobik güç testi yaptırıldı. Verilerin analizi için Shapiro-Wilknormallik testi, tanımlayıcı istatistik ve Pearson korelasyon analizleri kullanıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre;katılımcıların relatif ortalama anaerobik güç ve SQTam hareketindeki absolut ve relatif 1TM kuvvet değeri ileSSYük hareketinin konsantrik evresinde elde edilen zirve hız değerleri arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarakanlamlı bir ilişki olduğu elde edildi. Ayrıca, absolut 1TM squat kuvveti ile hem absolut maksimal anaerobikgüç hem de absolut ortalama anaerobik güç değerleri arasında pozitif yönde istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir ilişkiolduğu elde edildi. Bunun dışında, istatistiksel olarak herhangi bir anlamlı ilişki elde edilmedi. Sonuç olarakhem absolut hem de relatif bakımdan kuvvet ve zirve hız değerleri arasında anlamlı ilişki olmasından dolayı,kuvvet özelliği arttığında konsantrik evre esnasındaki zirve hız değerlerinde bir artış meydana geleceği vehareket hızında bir gelişme sağlamak için maksimal kuvvet antrenmanlarının yapılması gerektiği ilerisürülebilir.
- MakaleYalnız künye2020The Relationship Between the Upper-Body Strength Characteristics with Velocity and Power Parameters During the Bench Throw Movement: Is Sport Branch An Important Factor ?
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the relationship between the upper-body strength characteristic withvelocity and power parameters during the bench throw exercise shows a significant difference according to sports branches. Inaccordance with this purpose; a total of 52 athletes (age: 22,8±3,61 years; height: 183,3±10,8 cm; weight: 80,1±13,4 kg) including13 volleyball players (age: 20,3±1,25 years; height: 194,7±7,51 cm; weight: 87,8±7,22 kg) and 13 handball players (age: 25,4±3,86years; height: 187,5±8,33 cm; weight: 90,9±14,8 kg) competed in Turkey 1. League together with 13 national martial players (age:25,0±3,24 years; height: 175,1±6,91 cm; weight: 70,0±7,70 kg) and 13 arm wrestling players (age: 20,6±1,93 years; height:175,7±5,39 cm; weight: 71,9±7,92 kg) participated as voluntarily. To determine the velocity and power parameters, a benchthrow (BT) movement was performed using an external load of 30 % of the participants' body weight and mean propulsivevelocity (MPV), peak velocity (PV), mean propulsive power (MPP) and peak power (PP) by the help of an isoinertial velocitytransducer (T-Force dynamic measurement system). Shapiro-Wilk normality test, descriptive statistics and Spearmancorrelation analysis methods were used to evaluate the data. According to the results of the analysis, it was found that therewas a statistically significant relationship between the upper-body strenght characteristics with together velocity and powerparameters during the BT movement and this relationship shows a statistically significant difference compared to the sportsbranches. While both the volleyball players and the handball players have a high and positive relationship between the upperbody strength characteristics with together velocity and power values during the BT movement (p<0.05); it was found thatmartial players have only a significant relationship with PV and MPP values. On the other hand, it was determined that armwrestling players don’t have any statistically significant relationship between both strength and velocity values andcharacteristic of upper-body strength (p>0.05). As a results, it can be asserted that sports branch is an important factor for therelationship between the upper-body strength characteristics with together velocity and power parameters during the benchthrow movement.
- MakaleAçık Erişim2020Dövüş Sporcularına Uygulanan Direnç, Pliometrik ve Kompleks Antrenman Yöntemlerinin Hareket Hızına Etkilerinin Karşılaştırılması
Can, İbrahim; Bayrakdaroğlu, Serdar; Topsakal, Nuri
Bu çalışmanın amacı, dövüş sporcularına uygulanan direnç, pliometrik ve kompleks antrenman yöntemlerinin hareket hızına etkilerinin karşılaştırılmasıdır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda, çalışmaya katılmak için Gümüşhane Üniversitesi Beden Eğitimi ve Spor Yüksekokulu’nda öğrenim gören ve mücadele sporlarında aktif spor yaşantısını sürdüren 30 öğrenci rastgele olarak üç farklı deney grubuna (pliometrik, direnç, kompleks antrenman grubu) ayrıldı. Araştırmanın kontrol grubu Düzce Üniversitesi Spor Bilimleri Fakültesi’nde öğrenim gören 10 öğrenciden oluşturuldu. Katılımcılara hem ön-test hem de son-test ölçümlerinde kendi kilolarının %40 oranına karşılık olan dış yüklerde squat sıçraması egzersizi uygulandı ve ortalama hız (OH) değeri, ortalama itme hızı (OİH) değeri ve zirve hız (ZH) değeri dinamik ölçüm sistemi (T-Force dinamik ölçüm sistemi) vasıtasıyla elde edildi. Verilerin değerlendirilmesinde; Kolmogrov-Smirnov Normallik Testi, Kruskal Wallis ve Wilcoxon analiz yöntemleri kullanıldı. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, 8 haftalık pliometrik, direnç ve kompleks antrenmanlarından sonra gruplar arasında ağırlıklı squat sıçrama egzersizinde elde edilen OH, OİH, ZH değerleri bakımından istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir farklılığın mevcut olduğu bulundu (p<0.05). Sonuç olarak, üç farklı kuvvet antrenman protokolünün de hız parametresini geliştirdiği ve gruplar arasında istatistiksel yönden anlamlı bir farklılık olduğu elde edildi.