The Role of Electronic Fetal Monitoring (EFM) in Obstetric Malpractice: An Evaluation from the Perspectives of Midwives, Nurses and Forensic Medicine

This review aims to assess the significance of electronic fetal monitoring (EFM) in medical error claims in obstetrics from the perspectives of midwifery, nursing, and forensic medicine. One fundamental approach to preventing adverse events during labor is the early recognition of fetal distress. Midwives and nurses are responsible for applying, evaluating, and recording EFM tracings during labor, which are crucial evidence in forensic medical evaluations. In the absence of medical records, the follow-up, treatment, and medical practices become contentious during trials, leading to delays in the litigation process. This is because medical records are vital in evaluating medical malpractice claims, and expert witnesses play a key role in assessing the standard of care. Despite its widespread use, there is a need for greater clarity on the reliability, role, and benefits of EFM. Furthermore, expert witnesses in medical malpractice cases may interpret practices with controversial reliability differently. While the reliability of EFM is debated, it cannot be ignored that it is an essential tool for early recognition of fetal distress. Given its importance and the need for written evidence in the trial process, it is recommended that forensic nurses, midwives, and lawyers receive training on maintaining medical records according to standards.